Objective gustatory and olfactory dysfunction in COVID-19 patients: a prospective cross-sectional study.

PURPOSE: To determine the prevalence of objective gustatory (GD) and olfactory (OD) dysfunction in COVID-19 patients. METHODS: This is a prospective, cross-sectional study of 51 COVID-19 positive patients diagnosed using RT-PCR-based testing. Of these study participants, 41 reported having present GD and OD at the time of enrollment and ten patients were without symptomatic OD and GD. All participants were objectively tested for OD by Brief Smell Identification Test (BSIT) and for GD by Burghart taste strip test, which were mailed to the participants. The subjective presence and severity of COVID-19 symptoms of smell loss, loss of taste, nasal obstruction, rhinorrhea/mucus production, fever, cough and shortness of breath were also assessed. RESULTS: Of the 41 patients with GD and OD, only 25.6% (10/39; p ≤ 0.0001) objectively presented GD and 39.1% (16/41; p ≤ 0.0001) OD at the time of their subjective dysfunction. Regarding GD, 23.1% (9/39) suffered from total hypogeusia, 2.6% (1/39) from ageusia. A significant loss of sour (33.3% (13/39)) and salty taste (17.9% (7/39)) could be recognized. Only 10.3% (4/39) showed a reduction in sweet and bitter taste. Concerning OD, 9.8% (4/41) showed a deficit relative to younger age in the BSIT and 29.3% (12/41) results abnormal relative to age. CONCLUSION: Subjective and objective findings in GD and OD differ significantly. Most patients suffering from objective dysgeusia present a deficit in sour and salty taste. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: DRKS00021516; 22/04/2020.

Clinical trial results with the MED-EL fine structure processing coding strategy in experienced cochlear implant users.

OBJECTIVES: To assess the subjective and objective performance of the new fine structure processing strategy (FSP) compared to the previous generation coding strategies CIS+ and HDCIS. METHODS: Forty-six adults with a minimum of 6 months of cochlear implant experience were included. CIS+, HDCIS and FSP were compared in speech perception tests in noise, pitch scaling and questionnaires. The randomized tests were performed acutely (interval 1) and again after 3 months of FSP experience (interval 3). The subjective evaluation included questionnaire 1 at intervals 1 and 3, and questionnaire 2 at interval 2, 1 month after interval 1. RESULTS: Comparison between FSP and CIS+ showed that FSP performed at least as well as CIS+ in all speech perception tests, and outperformed CIS+ in vowel and monosyllabic word discrimination. Comparison between FSP and HDCIS showed that both performed equally well in all speech perception tests. Pitch scaling showed that FSP performed at least as well as HDCIS. With FSP, sound quality was at least as good and often better than with HDCIS. CONCLUSIONS: Results indicate that FSP performs better than CIS+ in vowel and monosyllabic word understanding. Subjective evaluation demonstrates strong user preferences for FSP when listening to speech and music.

Solitary extramedullary plasmacytoma of the larynx: a rare cause of dysphonia.

Solitary extramedullary plasmacytoma (SEP) of the larynx is a rare haematological malignancy and an infrequent cause of persisting dysphonia. We present the case of a 54-year-old woman with a long-standing history of dysphonia. While clinical examination showed a rather inconspicuous prominent right vestibular fold, an MRI revealed a laryngeal mass with erosion of the thyroid cartilage. A biopsy taken during rigid endoscopy demonstrated plasma cell infiltration with light chain restriction amidst amyloid deposits. After exclusion of systemic involvement, the diagnosis of an SEP of the larynx with secondary amyloidosis was made. The patient received primary radiation therapy. Another biopsy taken 3 months after the end of therapy did not show any signs of ongoing neoplastic plasma cell disease. The patient was therefore considered to be in remission. She is currently receiving regular follow-up and has not shown signs of persistent or progressive disease for the past 18 months.

Site of cochlear stimulation and its effect on electrically evoked compound action potentials using the MED-EL standard electrode array.

BACKGROUND: The standard electrode array for the MED-EL MAESTRO cochlear implant system is 31 mm in length which allows an insertion angle of approximately 720 degrees . When fully inserted, this long electrode array is capable of stimulating the most apical region of the cochlea. No investigation has explored Electrically Evoked Compound Action Potential (ECAP) recordings in this region with a large number of subjects using a commercially available cochlear implant system. The aim of this study is to determine if certain properties of ECAP recordings vary, depending on the stimulation site in the cochlea. METHODS: Recordings of auditory nerve responses were conducted in 67 subjects to demonstrate the feasibility of ECAP recordings using the Auditory Nerve Response Telemetry (ART) feature of the MED-EL MAESTRO system software. These recordings were then analyzed based on the site of cochlear stimulation defined as basal, middle and apical to determine if the amplitude, threshold and slope of the amplitude growth function and the refractory time differs depending on the region of stimulation. RESULTS: Findings show significant differences in the ECAP recordings depending on the stimulation site. Comparing the apical with the basal region, on average higher amplitudes, lower thresholds and steeper slopes of the amplitude growth function have been observed. The refractory time shows an overall dependence on cochlear region; however post-hoc tests showed no significant effect between individual regions. CONCLUSIONS: Obtaining ECAP recordings is also possible in the most apical region of the cochlea. However, differences can be observed depending on the region of the cochlea stimulated. Specifically, significant higher ECAP amplitude, lower thresholds and steeper amplitude growth function slopes have been observed in the apical region. These differences could be explained by the location of the stimulating electrode with respect to the neural tissue in the cochlea, a higher density, or an increased neural survival rate of neural tissue in the apex. TRIAL REGISTRATION: The Clinical Investigation has the Competent Authority registration number DE/CA126/AP4/3332/18/05.

The large vestibular aqueduct--case report and review of the literature.

Patients with a large vestibular aqueduct (LVA) suffer from a loss of hearing in childhood at an early onset. An acute loss of hearing can be precipitated by minor head trauma. Until now there seems to be no sufficient therapy for stopping the progression of a loss of hearing. It has been shown that a cochlear implantation is a worthwhile procedure if the patient is almost deaf. We report the case of a patient with a bilateral LVA. A loss of hearing was confirmed at the age of 16 months. Exposure to loud noise triggered an acute progression of the hearing loss. At the age of 18 years, LVA was confirmed radiologically, revealing an enlarged endolymphatic duct and sac in MRI scans and an enlarged vestibular aqueduct in the CT scan. We successfully performed a cochlear implant (MED-EL, Combi 40+ flex). Proceeding from this case report, the paper reviews the literature on LVA.

Comparison of musical activities of cochlear implant users with different speech-coding strategies.

Speech coding might have an impact on music perception of cochlear implant users. This questionnaire study compares the musical activities and perception of postlingually deafened cochlear implant users with three different coding strategies (CIS, ACE, SPEAK) using the Munich Music Questionnaire. Overall, the self-reported perception of music of CIS, SPEAK, and ACE users did not differ by very much.