The relationship between screen time and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder in Chinese preschool children under the multichild policy: a cross-sectional survey.

BACKGROUND: Long screen time has become a public health problem that cannot be ignored. The association between screen time and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in preschool children has received widespread attention. METHODS: A questionnaire was used to survey 2452 people. ADHD symptoms were assessed by the Conners Child Behavior Scale. Considering that the ADHD symptoms of boys and girls might be different, we stratified the data by gender. Logistic regression model was used for regression analysis. To exclude the influence of multichild family and obesity level, we also conducted a sensitivity analysis. P values were two-tailed with a significance level at 0.05. RESULTS: The results showed that the association between screen time and ADHD symptoms in preschool children was significant (OR = 1.826, 95%CI: 1.032, 3.232). After grouping the genders, the correlation was not significant. There was an association between screen time and ADHD symptoms in children from families with multiple children. However, after excluding overweight and obese children from the overall population, the association between screen time and ADHD symptoms did not have statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS: The issue of screen time for preschoolers needs to be taken seriously. Although the results indicate a significant correlation between screen time and ADHD symptoms, clearer evidence is needed to provide recommendations to policy makers.

Dual effects of atmospheric pressure plasma jet on skin wound healing of mice.

Cold plasma has become an attractive tool for promoting wound healing and treating skin diseases. This article presents an atmospheric pressure plasma jet (APPJ) generated in argon gas through dielectric barrier discharge, which was applied to superficial skin wounds in BALB/c mice. The mice (n = 50) were assigned randomly into five groups (named A, B, C, D, E) with 10 animals in each group. Natural wound healing was compared with stimulated wound healing treated daily with APPJ for different time spans (10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 seconds) on 14 consecutive days. APPJ emission spectra, morphological changes in animal wounds, and tissue histological parameters were analyzed. Statistical results revealed that wound size changed over the duration of the experimental period and there was a significant interaction between experimental day and group. Differences between group C and other groups at day 7 were statistically significant (p < 0.05). All groups had nearly achieved closure of the untreated control wounds at day 14. The wounds treated with APPJ for 10, 20, 30, and 40 seconds showed significantly enhanced daily improvement compared with the control and almost complete closure at day 12, 10, 7, and 13, respectively. The optimal results of epidermal cell regeneration, granulation tissue hyperplasia, and collagen deposition in histological aspect were observed at day 7. However, the wounds treated for 50 seconds were less well healed at day 14 than those of the control. It was concluded that appropriate doses of cold plasma could inactivate bacteria around the wound, activate fibroblast proliferation in wound tissue, and eventually promote wound healing. Whereas, over doses of plasma suppressed wound healing due to causing cell death by apoptosis or necrosis. Both positive and negative effects may be related to the existence of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS and RNS) in APPJ.

MiR-186-5p Dysregulation Leads to Depression-like Behavior by De-repressing SERPINF1 in Hippocampus.

Diagnosis of major depressive disorder (MDD) is perplexing due to its multifactorial etiologies. Here, we isolated exosomes from the peripheral blood of MDD patients and healthy control subjects for mass spectrometry-based label-free quantitative proteomics. We identified that SERPINF1 is significantly diminished in the peripheral blood-derived exosomes of MDD patients compared to the healthy control subjects. Through RNA immunoprecipitation and luciferase reporter assays, we validated that SERPINF1 is a target of miR-186-5p that is upregulated in MDD patients' blood. In vivo studies in the chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) mice further demonstrated that SERPINF1 in hippocampus is suppressed by miR-186-5p. Inhibiting the microRNA significantly restores the hippocampal SERPINF1 mRNA and protein expression, and ameliorates the depressive-like behaviors including sucrose preference and extended immobility time in the forced swim test. Instead, overexpressing miR-186-5p through tail intravenous injection of the mimics molecularly and behaviorally phenocopies the CUMS mice in wild-type mice. Our results indicate that the exosomal SERPINF1 in peripheral blood could serve as a reliable biomarker indicating MDD development, and miR-186-5p is a potential therapeutic target for the disease.

LncRNA MIR155HG regulates M1/M2 macrophage polarization in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

BACKGROUND: Macrophages play a crucial role in inflammatory diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). MIR155 host gene (MIR155HG), a novel long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), has been recognized as a regulator of macrophage polarization, we thus investigated its role in COPD. METHODS: We used granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) to induce peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs)-derived macrophages obtained from COPD patients and normal controls. Quantitative real-time PCR (QRT-PCR) was used to detect the expressions of MIR155HG and M1/M2 macrophage markers. The quantification of M1 and M2 macrophages was analyzed by flow cytometry. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was conducted for testing the concentration of inflammatory cytokines. RESULTS: MIR155HG was highly expressed in GM-CSF-induced macrophages of COPD patients. Further investigation demonstrated that MIR155HG overexpression promoted GM-CSF-induced M1 macrophage polarization and the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. However, the knockdown of MIR-155HG could inhibit the polarization of M1 macrophages and increase M2 macrophage polarization. CONCLUSION: LncRNA MIR155HG modulated GM-CSF-mediated M1/M2 macrophage polarization in COPD progression.