An Epidemiologic Survey and Violent Behavior Analysis of Antisocial Personality Disorder in Young Men in Chengdu.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) in young men in Chengdu and explore the characteristics and risks of violence. METHODS: Stratified random sampling was used to conduct a self-assessment questionnaire survey in 4 108 males aged from 18 to 34 in Chengdu, including general demographic characteristics, structured clinical interview for the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders-Ⅳ axis Ⅱ disorders (SCID-Ⅱ) personality disorder screen questionnaire, violence questionnaire, psychosis screening questionnaire (PSQ), Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) and drug use. χ2 test, univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used for analysis and odds ratio (OR) was calculated. RESULTS: The positive rate of ASPD was 5.91%, which was associated with young age, unmarried, unemployment state, low educational level, violent behavior, psychotic symptoms, alcohol and drug use (P<0.05). Young men with ASPD also had a risk (P<0.05) of violence (OR was 8.51), multiple violence (OR was 16.57), injury (OR was 6.68), intentional violence (OR was 11.41), etc., the risk decreased after controlling for psychotic symptoms and substance abuse, but was still statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: The risk of violence, severe violence and intentional violence in young men in Chengdu is high, and psychotic symptoms and substance abuse increase the risk of ASPD violence and relate characteristics.

Revealing the spatio-temporal variability of evapotranspiration and its components based on an improved Shuttleworth-Wallace model in the Yellow River Basin.

Identifying the spatio-temporal variations of evapotranspiration (ET) from its components (soil evaporation and plant transpiration) can greatly improve our understanding of water-cycle and biogeochemical processes. However, partitioning evapotranspiration into evaporation (E) and transpiration (T) at regional scale with high accuracy still remains a challenge. This study has aimed to reveal the spatio-temporal variations of evapotranspiration and its components by using an improved Shuttleworth-Wallace (SWH) model to partition ET in the Yellow River Basin during 1981-2010. The environmental factors affecting the spatial and temporal variations of evapotranspiration and its components were also assessed. Results showed that the mean annual ET, T and E in the Yellow River Basin were 372.18 mm, 179.64 mm, and 192.54 mm, respectively, over the last 30 years. The spatial pattern of mean annual ET and T displayed a decreasing trend from southeast to northwest in the Yellow River Basin, and the temporal variation showed a significant increasing trend with rates of 1.72 mm yr-1 and 1.54 mm yr-1, respectively. It meant that T accounted for the variations of ET, while E showed no significant changes in recent decades. Moreover, the normalized differential vegetation index (NDVI) and temperature were identified as the main factors controlling the variations of ET and T in the Yellow River Basin. Among them, the area with NDVI as the dominant factor for ET and T could reach 63.82% and 78.47% of the whole basin respectively. However, the variations of E were affected by complex factors, and evaporation in the western alpine region was mainly controlled by temperature. Our findings are expected to not only have implications for developing sustainable policies of water management and ecological restoration in this region, but also provide valuable insight in methodology of ET partitioning in regional or global scale.