One-Pot Synthesis of Aryl- and Alkyl S-Perfluoroalkylated NH-Sulfoximines from Sulfides.

A general efficient one-pot synthesis of S-perfluoroalkylated NH-sulfoximines from sulfides has been developed using phenyliodine diacetate (PIDA) and ammonium carbamate. Remarkable rate enhancement with trifluoroethanol was observed, presumably due to H-bonding effects. These mild and metal-free conditions are compatible with -CH2 F, -CFCl2 , -CF2 H, -CF2 Br, -C4 F9 , and -CF3 groups, in both the alkyl- and aryl series. Based on a 19 F NMR analysis, a λ6 -acetoxysulfanenitrile intermediate was proposed.

Comparison of corneal and total ocular aberrations before and after myopic LASIK.

PURPOSE: To assess the compensation of total ocular and corneal wavefront aberrations after conventional myopic LASIK. METHODS: This study comprised 57 eyes of 57 patients. Total and corneal aberrations were measured preoperatively and 3 months postoperatively using the OPD-Scan (NIDEK Co Ltd) aberrometer. Total and corneal aberrations root-mean-square (RMS) was calculated out to the 6th Zernike order for a 6.0-mm pupil diameter. The percentage increase postoperatively was defined by the ratio of RMS pre- and postoperatively for each corneal and total eye group. The compensation between corneal and internal aberrations for a given aberration group was defined as: (corneal aberration group RMS - total eye aberration group RMS)/corneal aberration group RMS. RESULTS: Postoperatively, higher order aberrations increased by a factor of 1.77+/-1.26 (total) and 2.47+/-2.25 (corneal) (P<.05). Coma aberration increased by a factor of 2.43+/-2.61 (total) and 2.56+/-2.66 (corneal). Spherical aberration increased by a factor of 1.46+/-1.83 (total) and 2.64+/-2.24 (corneal). The values of the ratio of compensation did not change significantly before and after LASIK for individual aberrations (P>.05). CONCLUSIONS: Although myopic LASIK induced significant corneal aberrations, the level of partial compensation of corneal aberrations by internal structures remained unchanged. These results suggest that the previously described emmetropization that is effective during development may also be effective with acquired variations in corneal shape.

Corneal hysteresis, resistance factor, topography, and pachymetry after corneal lamellar flap.

PURPOSE: To measure prospectively the early changes in corneal hysteresis, topography, and pachymetry after the creation of a stromal flap cut without laser photoablation. METHODS: A 37-year-old man was referred for a bioptic procedure to correct for compound myopic astigmatism in the left eye. A 159-microm-thick 8x8.5-mm superior hinged flap was created with a mechanical microkeratome in the left cornea. Changes in the corneal hysteresis, corneal resistance factor, Goldmann correlated intraocular pressure (lOP), corneal compensated IOP, anterior and posterior topography, and optical and ultrasound pachymetry were monitored prospectively before and at 1 hour, 1 day, 5 days, and 25 days after flap creation. The right eye served as a control. RESULTS: In the left eye, corneal hysteresis and corneal resistance factor decreased immediately after the flap cut and remained lower than preoperatively at 1 hour, 1 day, 5 days, and 25 days. Corneal compensated IOP varied significantly less than Goldmann correlated IOP in both eyes. Central flattening of the horizontal meridians was observed on the difference topography maps. The values of the left eye posterior best fit sphere increased after the flap cut. Increased central corneal thickness occurred immediately after the flap cut and decreased over time without returning to its preoperative value. CONCLUSIONS: The creation of a stromal flap can modify the biomechanical properties of the cornea, including a reduction in corneal hysteresis. The topographic changes were consistent with previously reported cases of flap cut in normal corneas.

[Retrobulbar anesthesia during keratolplasty]. / Anesthesie locoregionale dans la keratoplastie.

AIM: A restrospective study was carried in order to evaluate the efficacy and safety of retrobulbar anaesthesia during keratoplasty. METHODS: Of 250 consecutive keratoplasty, 30 (12%) were performed under retrobulbar anaesthesia. Patients received a mean volume of 12 ml, composed of etidocaine (2/3), bupicaine (1/3) and hyaluronidase. Ocular compression duration was at least 20 minutes. RESULTS: Surgery was found painless by 90% of patients. Akinesia was complete in 80% of cases. CONCLUSION: Theses results demonstrate that retrobulbar anaesthesia may be recommended to this type of surgery.