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1.
Environ Res ; 259: 119527, 2024 Oct 15.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38977155

RESUMEN

The wastewater produced during coffee cherry pulping is known for containing harmful pollutants, particularly organic compounds containing carbon, which pose significant risks to the environment and human health. This research aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of Tamarindus indica L. seed polysaccharides in treating coffee effluent. Varying doses (ranging from 0.05 to 0.30 g) of the isolated polysaccharides were added to samples of the effluent to determine their ability to remove contaminants, especially those of organic carbon origin. Notably, a dosage of 0.10 g demonstrated optimal efficacy, resulting in a 55% decrease in total dissolved solids and an 80% decrease in chemical oxygen demand. Additionally, Fourier-transform infrared and zeta potential analysis of both the polysaccharides and the treated effluent samples revealed the presence of functional groups potentially pivotal for the pollutant removal activity of the isolated polysaccharides. This provides insights into the coagulation mechanism of Tamarindus indica L. seed polysaccharides in eliminating organic carbon-based pollutants. These findings highlight the potential of Tamarindus polysaccharides as a sustainable alternative to chemical agents for removing pollutants, thus promoting environmental sustainability and human well-being.


Asunto(s)
Polisacáridos , Semillas , Tamarindus , Aguas Residuales , Tamarindus/química , Polisacáridos/química , Semillas/química , Aguas Residuales/química , Carbono/química , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/análisis , Residuos Industriales/análisis , Café/química , Eliminación de Residuos Líquidos/métodos
2.
Environ Geochem Health ; 46(10): 378, 2024 Aug 21.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39167275

RESUMEN

Significant efforts have been dedicated to creating recyclable and efficient methods for treating waste dyes, including rhodamine B (RhB). Nevertheless, challenges such as complex operational techniques, high costs, energy consumption, and inefficacy in dye removal persist. Here, the synthesis and application of TiO2/Fe3O4/SiO2 for photocatalytic degradation of RhB dye pollutants have been explored. This research was initiated with magnetite (Fe3O4) synthesis using the coprecipitation method, followed by silica (SiO2) extraction from rice husk waste using the sol-gel process, and a hydrothermal method for synthesizing titanium dioxide (TiO2) and TiO2/Fe3O4/SiO2 nanocomposite. The crystalline structure of TiO2/Fe3O4/SiO2 was obtained with Fe3O4 as the core, while TiO2 and SiO2 as the shell. The particle size analysis showed the nanosize of TiO2/Fe3O4/SiO2 (1.04 ± 0.46 nm). TiO2/Fe3O4/SiO2 nanocomposite boasts a high surface area of 48.025 m2/g, 2.2 times higher than unmodified TiO2. This nanocomposite also displayed paramagnetic properties with a saturation magnetization of 9.117 emu/g, facilitating easy separation in photocatalytic applications. The photocatalytic activity of TiO2/Fe3O4/SiO2 exhibited effectively degraded RhB, achieving a degradation rate of 53.58% and an excellent rate constant of 0.7303 min-1. The RhB photodegradation in this study requires a moderate irradiation time (60 min), uses only a tiny amount of photocatalyst (100 mg), and does not need additional chemicals. Moreover, this study has another advantage of utilizing rice husk as a silica source, offering an eco-friendly and sustainable approach.


Asunto(s)
Nanocompuestos , Rodaminas , Dióxido de Silicio , Titanio , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua , Titanio/química , Rodaminas/química , Dióxido de Silicio/química , Nanocompuestos/química , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/química , Catálisis , Fotólisis , Óxido Ferrosoférrico/química
3.
Environ Res ; 202: 111669, 2021 11.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34252429

RESUMEN

The waste water released from industries which contain pollutants like heavy metals, dyes and other toxic chemicals brings numerous harms to the ecosystem and humans. Nowadays the nanocomposites based technologies are effectively used for environmental remediation. In the present study, hexavalent chromium was removed from the industrial effluent using magnetite carbon nanocomposite. The nanocomposite composed of highly porous carbon and iron oxide nanoparticles prepared by using agrowastes (sugarcane bagasse and orange peel extract). Iron oxide nanoparticles (FeONPs) formation was confirmed by UV-visible spectroscopy; incorporation of magnetite with highly porous carbon was established by Fourier Transforms Infrared Spectroscopy and X-ray Diffraction Spectroscopy. Morphological features of magnetite nanoparticles and highly porous carbon were analyzed using Scanning Electron Microscope and Transmission Electron Microscope. Magnetic properties analyzed by Vibrating Sample Magnetometer revealed magnetite carbon nanocomposite exhibited better Ms value than highly porous carbon. The concentration of Cr6+ in treated effluent was determined using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy. Pseudo-second order equation fitted with kinetics and the Langmuir monolayer favors for isotherm. This study reveals efficiency in Cr6+ removal from effluent using magnetite carbon nanocomposites which extends their application in waste water treatment.


Asunto(s)
Nanopartículas de Magnetita , Nanocompuestos , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua , Adsorción , Carbono , Cromo , Ecosistema , Óxido Ferrosoférrico , Humanos , Cinética , Aguas Residuales , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/análisis
4.
Environ Res ; 201: 111585, 2021 10.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34181925

RESUMEN

Iron oxide nanoparticles synthesis is an expanding area of research due of their magnetic properties and possible applications in several novel technologies. FeONPs are indispensable in the biomedical field for diagnosis, treatments and drug delivery and in bioremediation applications. The synthesis route of nanoparticles is a major concern because biological methods are eco-friendly, and chemical methods are considered toxic. The objective of this study is to synthesize FeONPs by two different methods and to compare their properties and efficiency in applications. FeONPs were synthesized and characterized by microscopic and various spectroscopic techniques. The synthesized FeONPs were screened for their cytotoxic activity on PBMCs using MTT assay and found to exhibit good biocompatibility. Moreover, the GS FeONPs exhibited potential antibacterial activities and meanwhile showed less toxicity in brine shrimp lethality assay. Hence, these nanoparticles are biocompatible, environmentally safe and can be utilized in many medical applications.


Asunto(s)
Tecnología Química Verde , Nanopartículas Magnéticas de Óxido de Hierro , Materiales Biocompatibles , Nanopartículas del Metal
5.
Biosci Biotechnol Biochem ; 80(11): 2277-2283, 2016 Nov.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27405462

RESUMEN

The present study was aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a biocontrol agent Bacillus subtilis CBR05 for control of soft rot disease (Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora) in tomato, and the possible mechanisms of its resistance induction have been investigated under pot conditions. Results showed that plants inoculated with B. subtilis CBR05 had lower disease incidence (36%). A significant increase in superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase, and polyphenol oxidase activities was observed in plants inoculated with B. subtilis between 48 and 72 hpi. Also, the transcript profiles of Glu and Phenyl ammonia lyase (PAL) showed a significant up-regulation following inoculation. The most significant up-regulation was observed in transcript profile of PAL that showed 0.49 Fold Expression, at 72 hpi as compared to its expression at 12 hpi. These results suggest that systemic induction of defense-related genes expression and antioxidant enzyme activity by B. subtilis could play a pivotal role in disease resistance against soft rot disease.

6.
Mycorrhiza ; 24(8): 611-25, 2014 Nov.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24770494

RESUMEN

Salt stress limits crop yield and sustainable agriculture in most arid and semiarid regions of the world. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are considered bio-ameliorators of soil salinity tolerance in plants. In evaluating AMF as significant predictors of mycorrhizal ecology, precise quantifiable changes in plant biomass and nutrient uptake under salt stress are crucial factors. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to analyze the magnitude of the effects of AMF inoculation on growth and nutrient uptake of plants under salt stress through meta-analyses. For this, data were compared in the context of mycorrhizal host plant species, plant family and functional group, herbaceous vs. woody plants, annual vs. perennial plants, and the level of salinity across 43 studies. Results indicate that, under saline conditions, AMF inoculation significantly increased total, shoot, and root biomass as well as phosphorous (P), nitrogen (N), and potassium (K) uptake. Activities of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase, and ascorbate peroxidase also increased significantly in mycorrhizal compared to nonmycorrhizal plants growing under salt stress. In addition, sodium (Na) uptake decreased significantly in mycorrhizal plants, while changes in proline accumulation were not significant. Across most subsets of the data analysis, identities of AMF (Glomus fasciculatum) and host plants (Acacia nilotica, herbs, woody and perennial) were found to be essential in understanding plant responses to salinity stress. For the analyzed dataset, it is concluded that under salt stress, mycorrhizal plants have extensive root traits and mycorrhizal morphological traits which help the uptake of more P and K, together with the enhanced production of antioxidant enzymes resulting in salt stress alleviation and increased plant biomass.


Asunto(s)
Micorrizas/fisiología , Plantas/efectos de los fármacos , Cloruro de Sodio/toxicidad , Biomasa , Raíces de Plantas/microbiología , Brotes de la Planta/microbiología , Tolerancia a la Sal
7.
J Basic Microbiol ; 54(8): 763-74, 2014 Aug.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23712744

RESUMEN

An alkaline serine protease producing strain Alternaria solani was optimized for its enzyme production under submerged conditions. The maximum production of protease by A. solani was achieved by using sodium nitrate at the optimum concentration of 0.2% w/v. A. solani produced higher quantities (3.75 [unit/mg of protein]) of an inducible extracellular proteases on day 9 after incubation in czapek's dox broth medium amended with 1% casein as an inducer at pH 8.5, temperature 27 °C and 3% sucrose as carbon source. Extracellular proteases were precipitated by ammonium sulphate saturation (80%) method and purified on Sephadex G-100 column chromatography. The molecular mass of SDS-PAGE and Sephadex G-100 Column Gel permeation chromatography purified protease was estimated to 42 kDa. In addition, trypsin digestion of 42 kDa protein band was carried out and analyzed by MALDI-TOF for the identification of protease. The sequence IKELATNGVVTNVK (378-391) segment of the alkaline serine protease was found by using MS/MS spectrum at 1485 m/z from the purified fraction. It showed optimal activity at 50 °C and pH 9-10 and broad pH stability between pH 6-12. The protease activity was inhibited by phenyl methyl sulfonyl fluoride (PMSF), all the results indicated that the presence of a serine residue in the active site and is thus most likely a member of the serine protease family. This may function as a virulence protein during pathogenesis by A. solani. The results suggested that the presence of appreciable extracellular proteolytic activity in filamentous fungi may serve as a marker of their phytopathogenicity.


Asunto(s)
Alternaria/enzimología , Alternaria/patogenicidad , Serina Proteasas/química , Alternaria/metabolismo , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Enfermedades de las Plantas/microbiología , Análisis de Secuencia de Proteína , Serina Proteasas/biosíntesis , Serina Proteasas/aislamiento & purificación , Inhibidores de Serina Proteinasa/química , Espectrometría de Masa por Láser de Matriz Asistida de Ionización Desorción , Ácidos Sulfínicos/química
8.
J Basic Microbiol ; 54 Suppl 1: S210-8, 2014 Jul.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24122785

RESUMEN

Serine proteases are involved in an enormous number of biological processes. The present study aims at characterizing three-dimensional (3D) molecular architecture of serine proteases from early blight pathogen, Alternaria solani that are hypothesized to be markers of phytopathogenicity. A serine protease was purified to homogeneity and MALDI-TOF-MS/MS analysis revealed that protease produced by A. solani belongs to alkaline serine proteases (AsP). AsP is made up of 403 amino acid residues with molecular weight of 42.1 kDa (Isoelectric point - 6.51) and its molecular formula was C1859 H2930 N516 O595 S4 . AsP structure model was built based on its comparative homology with serine protease using the program, MODELER. AsP had 16 ß-sheets and 10 α-helices, with Ser(350) (G347-G357), Asp(158) (D158-H169), and His(193) (H193-G203) in separate turn/coil structures. Biological metal binding region situated near 6th-helix and His(193) residue is responsible for metal binding site. Also, calcium ion (Ca(2+)) is coordinated by the carboxyl groups of Lys(84), Ile(85), Lys(86), Asp(87), Phe(88), Ala(89), Ala(90) (K84-A90) for first Ca(2+) binding site and carbonyl oxygen atom of Lys(244), Gly(245), Arg(246), Thr(247), Lys(248), Lys(249), and Ala(250) (K244-A250), for second Ca(2+) binding site. Moreover, Ramachandran plot analysis of protein residues falling into most favored secondary structures were determined (83.3%). The predicted molecular 3D structural model was further verified using PROCHECK, ERRAT, and VADAR servers to confirm the geometry and stereo-chemical parameters of the molecular structural design. The functional analysis of AsP 3D molecular structure predictions familiar in the current study may provide a new perspective in the understanding and identification of antifungal protease inhibitor designing.


Asunto(s)
Alternaria/enzimología , Serina Proteasas/química , Serina Proteasas/metabolismo , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Simulación por Computador , Punto Isoeléctrico , Modelos Moleculares , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Peso Molecular , Filogenia , Conformación Proteica , Homología de Secuencia , Serina Proteasas/genética , Serina Proteasas/aislamiento & purificación , Espectrometría de Masa por Láser de Matriz Asistida de Ionización Desorción
9.
Int J Biol Macromol ; 271(Pt 1): 132720, 2024 Jun.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38845257

RESUMEN

Chitosan has been considered an eco-friendly biopolymer. Chitosan is a natural polycationic linear polysaccharide composed of D-glucosamine and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine linked by ß-1,4-glycosidic bonds. Chitosan has been used as an eco-friendly biopolymer for so many agricultural applications. Unfortunately, the relatively poor solubility and poor antimicrobial properties limit its widespread applications in agriculture sciences. Hence, chitosan derivatives are produced via various chemical approaches such as cross-linking, carboxylation, ionic binding, and so on. As an alternative to chemical fertilizers, chitosan derivatives, chitosan conjugates, nanostructures, semisynthetic derivatives, oligo mixes, chitosan nanoparticles, and chitosan nano-carriers are synthesized for various agricultural applications. Its several chemical and physical properties such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, permeability, cost-effectiveness, low toxicity, and environmental friendliness make it useful for many agricultural applications. Hence, popularizing its use as an elicitor molecule for different host-pathogen interaction studies. Thus, the versatile and plethora of chitosan derivatives are gaining momentum in agricultural sciences. Bio-stimulant properties and multifunctional benefits are associated with further prospective research. Therefore, in the present review, we decipher the potential pros and cons of chitosan derivatives in plants.


Asunto(s)
Quitosano , Plantas , Quitosano/química , Quitosano/farmacología , Plantas/química
10.
Microorganisms ; 11(10)2023 Oct 13.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37894216

RESUMEN

S-triazines are a group of herbicides that are extensively applied to control broadleaf weeds and grasses in agricultural production. They are mainly taken up through plant roots and are transformed by xylem tissues throughout the plant system. They are highly persistent and have a long half-life in the environment. Due to imprudent use, their toxic residues have enormously increased in the last few years and are frequently detected in food commodities, which causes chronic diseases in humans and mammals. However, for the safety of the environment and the diversity of living organisms, the removal of s-triazine herbicides has received widespread attention. In this review, the degradation of s-triazine herbicides and their intermediates by indigenous microbial species, genes, enzymes, plants, and nanoparticles are systematically investigated. The hydrolytic degradation of substituents on the s-triazine ring is catalyzed by enzymes from the amidohydrolase superfamily and yields cyanuric acid as an intermediate. Cyanuric acid is further metabolized into ammonia and carbon dioxide. Microbial-free cells efficiently degrade s-triazine herbicides in laboratory as well as field trials. Additionally, the combinatorial approach of nanomaterials with indigenous microbes has vast potential and considered sustainable for removing toxic residues in the agroecosystem. Due to their smaller size and unique properties, they are equally distributed in sediments, soil, water bodies, and even small crevices. Finally, this paper highlights the implementation of bioinformatics and molecular tools, which provide a myriad of new methods to monitor the biodegradation of s-triazine herbicides and help to identify the diverse number of microbial communities that actively participate in the biodegradation process.

11.
Plants (Basel) ; 11(19)2022 Sep 20.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36235314

RESUMEN

Drought stress constrains plant cell metabolism and induces the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In response to drought stress, plants induce a series of physiological and biochemical changes, scavenging ROS. Among soil microbes, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are found to be effective ameliorators of ROS under drought-stress conditions. However, the comprehensive roles of the oxidative stress ameliorators mediated by AMF in alleviating drought stress are not studied in detail. The present study aims to determine the oxidative stress ameliorators using meta-analysis highlighting AMF inoculation efficacy on drought stress alleviation. The results confirmed that AMF inoculation had a significant reduction in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA), and electrolyte leakage (EL). Nevertheless, proline accumulation was found to have a non-significant correlation with AMF inoculation. Further, carotenoids and soluble sugars increased positively in AMF-inoculated plants under drought stress and there was a subsequent reduction of abscisic acid (ABA). The results of the meta-analysis reveal the benefits of AMF inoculation with reduced H2O2 levels leading to reduced lipid peroxidation (MDA) and increased membrane stability (EL). Thus, the present assessment reveals the sequence of events involved in eliciting drought stress alleviation due to AMF inoculation.

12.
J Fungi (Basel) ; 8(7)2022 Jun 23.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35887417

RESUMEN

Drought stress remains the major constraint in affecting crop productivity in several arid and semi-arid areas highlighting climate change perspectives. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) belong to a versatile class of plant−fungal symbiotic associations establishing drought stress alleviation. Nevertheless, the mechanistic mode of sustainable agriculture necessitates rigorous assessment for authentic and reproducible plant growth parameters. Understanding the plant growth promotion, root morphological changes, and nutrient uptake response in AMF-inoculated plants to drought is very important for sustainable agriculture. Therefore, conducted a meta-analysis of published research articles for determining the efficacy of AMF in alleviating drought stress. Overall analysis showed that AM inoculated plants had 49% higher plant growth promotion than the non-mycorrhizal plants under drought stress. Biomass analysis depicted the root dry weight increase by 49%, shoot dry weight increase by 54%, and total dry weight increase by 58% indicating plant biomass traits augmentation. Root morphological traits analysis corresponded to increased root length (37%), root surface (31%), and root volume (65%). Notably, nutrient uptake assessment showed variable increases in uptake patterns such as P uptake by 86%, N uptake by 35%, and K uptake by 46%. Furthermore, the prominent efficacy of AMF was significantly larger under drought for P uptake (p < 0.001) and root volume (p < 0.001) indicating the linear relationship between root length and P uptake. Thus, the present meta-analysis confirms that drought stress alleviation emancipated by AMF is mediated by root traits modification and phosphorous acquisition efficacy. Hence, meta-analyses along with experimental validations with field trial evaluations will certainly provide the AMF research for escalated applications for better plant productivity, stress alleviation, and sustainable agriculture.

13.
Microorganisms ; 11(1)2022 Dec 22.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36677334

RESUMEN

Microorganisms are exceptional at producing several volatile substances called microbial volatile organic compounds (mVOCs). The mVOCs allow the microorganism to communicate with other organisms via both inter and intracellular signaling pathways. Recent investigation has revealed that mVOCs are chemically very diverse and play vital roles in plant interactions and microbial communication. The mVOCs can also modify the plant's physiological and hormonal pathways to augment plant growth and production. Moreover, mVOCs have been affirmed for effective alleviation of stresses, and also act as an elicitor of plant immunity. Thus, mVOCs act as an effective alternative to various chemical fertilizers and pesticides. The present review summarizes the recent findings about mVOCs and their roles in inter and intra-kingdoms interactions. Prospects for improving soil fertility, food safety, and security are affirmed for mVOCs application for sustainable agriculture.

14.
Environ Pollut ; 294: 118553, 2022 Feb 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34871642

RESUMEN

The current study investigated seasonal fluctuations in diversity of fish and heavy metal concentrations in coastal areas, as well as the possible human health risks associated by the heavy metals (Mercury, Lead, Chromium, Cadmium, Copper and Zinc). From five different locations across the coastal area, 44 finfish species from 11 orders and 33 families were collected. Four finfish species such as Mugil cephalus, Lates calcarifer, Etroplus suratensis, and Chanos chanos were used to estimate and assess the heavy metal concentrations based on abundance and distribution across coastal area. Results revealed that the metal concentration in these fish species, water, and sediment were all found to be significantly comparable. During the southwest monsoon season, the highest concentrations of metals were found in Chanos chanos, Mugil cephalus, and Lates calcarifer. A hazard index and a target hazard quotient were calculated to determine the human-related health risk. Except for Hg and Cd in children, the anthropological health hazard assessment revealed that most element exposure doses are safe for both children and adults.


Asunto(s)
Mercurio , Metales Pesados , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua , Adulto , Animales , Niño , Monitoreo del Ambiente , Contaminación de Alimentos/análisis , Humanos , Mercurio/análisis , Metales Pesados/análisis , Medición de Riesgo , Alimentos Marinos/análisis , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/análisis
15.
J Fungi (Basel) ; 7(4)2021 Apr 15.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33921098

RESUMEN

Population growth and food necessity envisaged the dire need for supplementation to a larger community balance in food production. With the advent of the green revolution, agriculture witnessed the insurrection of horticultural fruit crops and field crops in enormous modes. Nevertheless, chemical fertilizer usage foresees soil pollution and fertility loss. Utilization of biocontrol agents and plant growth promotion by microbial colonization enrooted significant restoration benefits. Constant reliability for healthy foods has been emancipated across the globe stressing high nutritive contents among indigenous field crops like tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). However, stress tolerance mechanisms and efficient abatement require deeper insights. The applicability of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) poses as an ultimate strategy to minimize the deleterious consequences of abiotic stress such as salt, drought, temperature and heavy metal stress sustainably. The rational modality employing the application of AMF is one of significant efforts to lessen cell damages under abiotic stress. The novelty of the compilation can be redressed to cohesive literature for combating stress. The literature review will provide agricultural scientists worldwide in providing a rational approach that can have possible implications in not only tomato but also other vegetable crops.

16.
Int J Biol Macromol ; 190: 120-129, 2021 Nov 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34474054

RESUMEN

Epigenetic changes are emancipated in horticultural crops including tomato due to a variety of environmental factors. These modifications rely on plant phenotypes mediated by genetic architecture consequently resulting in hereditary epigenetic memory. Genome editing strategies like CRISPR (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeat)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) technologies have revolutionized plants biology foreseeing stable inheritance of epigenetic modifications. CRISPR/Cas9 strategy poses as explicit advancement in providing precise genome editing with minimal off-target mutations, ease of experimental design, higher efficiency, versatility, and cost-effectiveness. Dicot crops, especially tomato remain an ideal candidate for CRISPR/Cas9 based gene modulations thereby augmenting productivity and yields. In the present review, key questions on CRISPR/Cas9 applications aid in enhanced growth based on optimal gene discovery, de novo modification, trait improvement, and biotic/abiotic stress management are discussed. In addition, comparative scenario in tomato and similar horticultural crops are adequately summarized for the pros and cons. Further, limitations hampering potential benefits and success phenomena of the lab to field transition of gene editing alterations are discussed collaterally in addressing futuristic optimization for CRISPR/Cas9 research in tomato.


Asunto(s)
Proteína 9 Asociada a CRISPR/genética , Sistemas CRISPR-Cas/genética , Edición Génica , Solanum lycopersicum/genética , Ingeniería Genética , Solanum lycopersicum/crecimiento & desarrollo , Estrés Fisiológico/genética
17.
Chemosphere ; 283: 131129, 2021 Nov.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34153920

RESUMEN

Because of rapid development in the livestock industry, the production of chicken manure has subsequently increased, which may contribute to environmental pollution. In this regard, in-vessel composting of biochar amended chicken manure and sawdust mixtures was investigated to find out the effect of biochar at the ratios of 0% (control), 3% (T1), 5% (T2), and 10% (T3) on ammonia and greenhouse gases (GHGs) emission, compost quality, pathogenic contaminants and phytotoxicity. The composting process was performed in 100-L, pilot-scale, plastic, cylindrical vessels for 50 days. The addition of biochar (3%, 5%, and 10%) increased the thermophilic temperature with a significant reduction in gaseous emissions (ammonia and CO2), microbial pathogens (Escherichia coli and Salmonella sp.), and phytotoxicity (Lepidium sativum seed germination assay) compared with that of the control compost products. However, according to the obtained results with in-vessel composting, the amendment of 10% biochar showed the most significant effects concerning the quality of the compost nutrients. The study reveals that the addition of biochar during in-vessel chicken manure composting is beneficial in the reduction of gaseous emissions and pathogenic microorganisms apart from improvement in plant nutrients.


Asunto(s)
Compostaje , Estiércol , Animales , Carbón Orgánico , Pollos , Gases , Nitrógeno/análisis , Suelo
18.
Mar Pollut Bull ; 173(Pt B): 113142, 2021 Dec.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34801890

RESUMEN

Karankadu mangrove situated along the Southeast coast of India is known for its unique and extreme species diversity and richness. Ecological functions of this mangrove comprise of nutrient cycling, coastal protection, fish fauna production and carbon sequestration besides providing livelihood to nearby coastal communities. The current study having assessed seasonal fluctuations of various Physico-chemical factors viz., rainfall, pH, surface water temperature, salinity, dissolved nutrients in the water and sediments, primary productivity and plant pigments (chlorophylls a,b,c) during the study period from July 2018 to June 2019, recorded a total of 29 species of zooplankton, 26 species of phytoplankton, and 19 species of fish with observed maximum density at summer and pre-monsoon period of the year. Relationship between the biotic and abiotic components of the ecosystem from the baseline data collected, was established through the statistical analysis performed.


Asunto(s)
Ecosistema , Plancton , Animales , Monitoreo del Ambiente , Estaciones del Año , Agua de Mar
19.
Antioxidants (Basel) ; 10(8)2021 Aug 18.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34439555

RESUMEN

Plant-derived antioxidants are a large group of natural products with the capacity to reduce radical-scavenging. Due to their potent therapeutic and preventive actions, these compounds receive a lot of attention from scientists, particularly pharmacologists. The pharmacological activities of the Azima tetracantha Lam. (AT) plant, belonging to the Salvadoraceae family, reported here justifies its traditional use in treating several diseases or disorders. This study aims to look at the propensity of certain plant compounds found in natural AT plant extracts that might play a critical role as a secondary metabolite in cervical cancer treatment. There is a shortage of information on the plant's phytochemical and biological characteristics. Methanol (MeOH) solvent extracts of the dried AT plant were screened phytochemically. Its aqueous extract was tested for antioxidant, antiseptic, anti-inflammatory, and anticancerous properties. Absorption Distribution Metabolism and Excretion (ADME/T), Docking, and HPLC were also performed. In clinical treatment, the plant shown no adverse effects. The antioxidant activity was evaluated and showed the highest concentration at 150 µg/mL (63.50%). MeOH leaf extract of AT exhibited the highest and best inhibitory activity against Staphylococcus aureus (15.3 mm/1000) and displayed a high antiseptic potential. At a 200 µg/mL concentration, MeOH leaves-extract inhibited red blood cells (RBC) hemolysis by 66.56 ± 0.40, compared with 62.33 ± 0.40 from the standard. Albumin's ability to suppress protein denaturation ranged from 16.75 ± 0.65 to 62.35 ± 0.20 inhibitions in this test, providing even more support for its favorable anti-inflammatory properties. The ADME/T studies were considered for a potential cancer drug molecule, and one of our compounds from MeOH extract fills the ADME and toxicity parameters. The forms of compound 4 showed a strong hydrogen-bonding interaction with the vital amino acids (ASN923, THR410, LEU840TRY927, PHE921, and GLY922). A total of 90% of cell inhibition was observed when HeLa cell lines were treated with 300 µg/mL of compound 4 (7-acetyl-3a1-methyl- 4,14-dioxo-1,2,3a,3a1,4,5,5a,6,8a,9b,10,11,11a-tetradecahydro-2,5a epoxy5,6a (methanooxymethano)phenaleno[1',9':5,6,7]indeno[1,7a-b]oxiren-2-yl acetate). The polyphenol compounds demonstrated significant advances in anticancer drug properties, and it could lead to activation of cancer cell apoptosis.

20.
Int J Biol Macromol ; 125: 948-954, 2019 Mar 15.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30576730

RESUMEN

The aim of this work was to evaluate the possibility of control of wilt disease caused by Fusarium andiyazi through chitosan (CS) and chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs). In the present study, the expression pattern of pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins genes such as PR-1, PR-2 (ß-1,3-glucanase), PR-8 (chitinase), and PR-10 was analyzed using real-time RT-PCR. In vitro studies showed that among different concentrations (0.1-5.0 mg/ml), 5.0 mg/ml concentration of CS and CNPs produced maximum inhibition of radial mycelial growth, 54.8% and 73.81%, respectively. Also, upregulated expression of ß-1,3-glucanase, chitinase, PR-1 and PR-10 genes were recorded with 1.48, 1.15, 1.15, and 1.41, fold expression in 24 hpi, respectively, in plants inoculated with CNPs. The most significant up-regulation was observed in transcript profile of SOD that showed 4.5-foldexpression, at 48 hpi. Therefore, our results confirmed that CS and CNPs induced up-regulation of PR-proteins and antioxidant genes might play a significant role for successful biocontrol.


Asunto(s)
Quitosano/farmacología , Fusarium/efectos de los fármacos , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas , Nanopartículas/química , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Solanum lycopersicum/efectos de los fármacos , Quitinasas/genética , Quitinasas/inmunología , Quitosano/química , Activación Enzimática/efectos de los fármacos , Fusarium/crecimiento & desarrollo , Fusarium/patogenicidad , Glucano 1,3-beta-Glucosidasa/genética , Glucano 1,3-beta-Glucosidasa/inmunología , Interacciones Huésped-Patógeno , Solanum lycopersicum/genética , Solanum lycopersicum/inmunología , Solanum lycopersicum/microbiología , Micelio/efectos de los fármacos , Micelio/crecimiento & desarrollo , Micelio/patogenicidad , Enfermedades de las Plantas/genética , Enfermedades de las Plantas/inmunología , Enfermedades de las Plantas/microbiología , Proteínas de Plantas/agonistas , Proteínas de Plantas/inmunología , Estrés Fisiológico/efectos de los fármacos , Estrés Fisiológico/inmunología , Superóxido Dismutasa/genética , Superóxido Dismutasa/inmunología
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