Conventional and Scientific uses of Rice-washed water: A Systematic Review.

Rice is considered the king of cereals. It is the only cereal that is being consumed by half of the population in the world. Rice and rice products have potential health benefits. One such rice aided product is rice washed water which is discussed in this article. Rice-washed water, which is commonly regarded as waste water and discarded, is a rich source of minerals and nutrients. The processing of rice washed water, nutritional analysis; edible fungi productions are detailed in this review. The article goes into detail about rice-washed water, which has been used for various purposes since our ancestors' time. The article provides a comprehensive report on the uses of rice-washed water in plant growth, Ayurveda, food, Cosmetics and a variety of other applications. Rice washed water is being utilized for various ailments since primitive times. The detailed report on the treatment utilizing rice washed water is also provided in this article. There are scarce researches with rice washed water, this article address the conventional uses of rice washed water, which can be taken up by the research community which needs more scientific validation. This review article also includes details about the composition and a variety of other important information about rice-washed water. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13197-023-05722-2.

In silico studies: Physicochemical properties, drug score, toxicity predictions and molecular docking of organosulphur compounds against Diabetes mellitus.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a significant common metabolic disorder seen all over the world. In 2020, according to the International Diabetes Federation (IDF), out of 463 million people who have diabetes all over the world, 77 million belong to India. As per the statistical prediction, the affected numbers are probably expected to rise to 642 million by 2040. The commercially available anti-diabetic drugs in the market include metformin, sulphonyl urea, meglitinides, miglitol, acarbose, biguanides, and thiazolidinediones cause side effects like hypoglycaemia, dizziness, liver cell injury, digestive discomfort, neurological defects, etc. Hence, bioactive organosulphur based functional ligands are chosen in this study to arrive at a newer drug for DM. In this work, in silico analysis of organosulphur molecular descriptors like physicochemical properties, solubility, drug score, and toxicity predictions are evaluated using OSIRIS and Toxtree freeware. The essential parameters for discovering drugs for biopharmaceutical formulations viz the solubility of drugs and toxicity have been calculated. The protein target Dipeptidyl peptidase DPP4 (PID: 2RIP) was docked against energy minimised sulphur compounds using Hex 6.3. The results indicate that the drug likeliness of the molecule 4, that is, N-[(3,3-dimethyl piperidin-2-yl) methyl]-4-ethyl sulphonyl aniline is active with decreasing binding energy score (-212.24 Kcal mol-1 ) with no toxicity and also few sulphur compounds are active against diabetes compared to standard drug metformin (-158.33 Kcal mol-1 ). The best drug-like ligand N-[(3,3-dimethyl piperidin-2-yl) methyl]-4-ethyl sulphonyl aniline, was docked using commercial Maestro Schrodinger software to predict the results.

Bioinspired Gold Nanoparticle Synthesis Using Terminalia bellerica Fruit Parts and Exploring Their Anti-bacterial Potency In Vitro.

Gold nanoparticles with their excellent biocompatibility are extensively used in pharma and biological applications. Terminalia bellerica (TB) dry fruit parts mediated gold nanoparticles were synthesized using the aqueous extracts. The secondary metabolites screening of the aqueous extracts was done using phytochemical analysis. The green synthesized gold nanoparticles show vibrant colours. They were characterized using UV-Visible spectroscopy, FT-IR spectroscopy, XRD analysis and FE-SEM. The analytical characterization methods ensured the formation of nanoparticles and could predict the nanometric size of the nanoparticles. The study also lay to determine the antibacterial potential of the TB fruit parts and TB fruit parts mediated gold nanoparticles. The pathogens chosen for the study were pathogens from clinical species such as Acinetobacter pneumonia, Bacillus subtilis, and Enterococcus faecalis which cause common infections. The TB fruit part extracts, as well as TB fruit parts mediated gold nanoparticles were capable enough to destroy clinical pathogens. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12088-021-00937-3.

FT-IR fingerprinting as an Analytical tool for determination of Melamine leaching from Melamine tablewares and their Biological implications.

In recent years Melamine is upgraded as a type three carcinogen. It is a sorry fact that still; people are in the fantasy mode and abaft the melamine tableware as they are a good piece of decorative material which sets dining an opulent look. The present study focuses on the determination of melamine leaching from melamine tablewares. The food stimulants culled for this study are conventional Indian cuisines. FT-IR is used as an analytical tool to determine the leaching of melamine from melamine diners. The present study reveals melamine leaching when hot food articles are in contact with melamine wares. Microwave heating is unsuitable for melamine tablewares. This is the first report in India, on the leaching of melamine from melamine tablewares. Calf thymus (ct) DNA is added to the samples and the extent of DNA damage in vitro is analyzed by Comet assay (also called Single cell gel electrophoresis). The results from comet assay portray significant DNA damage with the treated samples. This is a vigilance study that helps the mundane man to avoid such decorative materials and to voluntarily move to our traditional dining culture.

Structural and Morphological Characterization of Bio-templated Reduced Graphene Oxide and their Antibacterial Efficacy.

We would like to report the eco-friendly synthesis of reduced graphene oxide using aqueous extract of Acorus calamus (rhizome), dried fruit and seed parts of Terminalia bellirica, Helicteres isora and Quercus infectoria and the whole shell part of Turbinella pyrum by simple steam bath technique. The structural and morphological characteristics of prepared reduced graphene oxides were determined by UV-Visible spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infra-Red spectroscopy (FTIR), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) and Raman spectroscopy. The Surface Plasmon Resonance at 260-280 nm ensured the reduced graphene oxide formation. The antibacterial efficacy of synthesized reduced graphene oxide was evaluated against both gram-positive and gram-negative pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Salmonella paratyphi and Escherichia coli. Among the selected samples Quercus infectoria mediated reduced graphene oxide showed excellent inhibition efficiency (27 and 28 mm) against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, respectively as compared to the standard Gentamycin (29 mm). Quercus infectoria showed significant inhibition of 22 mm and moderate inhibition of 18 mm against Bacillus subtilis and Salmonella paratyphi, respectively. The results suggest selected plants and chank shell-mediated reduced graphene oxide as potential antibacterial agents for various therapeutic applications.