Ten years of research on the treatments of internet gaming disorder: A scoping review and directions for future research.

Background: Although internet gaming disorder (IGD) has been listed in section III of the DSM-5 for approximately 10 years, the study of treatments for IGD remains in early stages. Nonetheless, a summary of findings to date and discussion of future research needs are warranted. Methods: The current study reviewed scientific treatment studies with control groups and randomized controlled trials. We summarized the strengths and weaknesses of different treatment strategies and identified gaps in the research literature that may inform the direction of future research efforts. Results: Sixteen studies were reviewed. Existing treatment studies may be categorized into cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), pharmacotherapies, non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS), and others. Conclusions: CBT is the most widely studied treatment strategy for IGD thus far. Future studies should consider IGD-specific CBT treatment strategies. Medication-based treatment should be implemented with caution. NIBS is promising, and future studies should explore the most efficacious parameters and targets. In addition, studies should consider sex differences in the treatment of IGD.

The severity of addiction mediates loneliness and cortical volume in internet gaming disorder.

Internet gaming disorder (IGD) subjects reported higher loneliness scores than healthy controls. However, the neural correlates underlying the association between loneliness and IGD remain unclear. Thus, the aim of this study was to explore the relationship between loneliness, online gaming addiction and brain structure. In the current study, structural MRI data were acquired from 84 IGD subjects and 103 matched recreational game users (RGUs). We assessed and compared their addiction severity, loneliness scores, and cortical volumes and analyzed the correlations among these values. Significant correlations were found between loneliness scores and brain volumes in the postcentral cortex, the medial orbitofrontal cortex, the rostral anterior cingulate cortex, and the temporal cortex. In addition, the addiction severity scores partly mediated the relationship between loneliness score and cortical volume in IGD. The results showed that participants with extreme loneliness had significant correlations with brain regions responsible for executive control, social threat surveillance and avoidance. More importantly, the severity of addiction mediates loneliness and cortical volume. The findings shed new insight into the neural mechanisms of loneliness and IGD and have implications for potential treatment.

Novel Hsp90-Targeting PROTACs: Enhanced synergy with cisplatin in combination therapy of cervical cancer.

The development of effective drugs for cervical cancer is urgently required because of its high mortality rate and the limited treatment options. Herein, we report the design, synthesis, and evaluation of a series of novel and effective Hsp90-targeting PROTACs. These compounds exhibited potent anti-proliferative activity against cervical cancer cells with low IC50 values. Compound lw13 effectively degraded Hsp90 at a concentration of only 0.05 µM. In addition, it can inhibit the metastasis of cancer cells and induce significant cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Furthermore, lw13 demonstrated remarkable antitumor activity both in vitro and in vivo, and has a synergistic effect in combination with cisplatin. Moreover, lw13 can prevent the activation of the HER2/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway by indirectly reducing the levels of HER2 and AKT. This study paves the way for cancer treatment and provides valuable insights into the combination therapy of cervical cancer.

The effects of H2O and SO2 on the behaviour of CuSO4-CeO2/TS for low temperature catalytic reduction of NO with NH3.

The catalyst CuSO4-CeO2/TiO2-SiO2 (CuSO4-CeO2/TS), for low temperature catalytic reduction (LT-SCR) of NO with NH was prepared by the impregnation method. The impacts of H2O and SO2 on the catalyst were investigated. Experiments showed that H2O brought down the catalyst's activity at low reaction temperature. However, this negative effect of H2O could be mostly eliminated with a raised temperature of above 220 degrees C. In a 10-hour experiment on the catalyst's resistibility to SO2 poisoning, NO conversion increased slightly by the promoting effect of SO2. The same catalyst underwent continuous examination with both SO2 and H2O in the feed gas; NO conversion of around 90.2% was maintained for 37 hours, showing better performance than CuSO4-CeO2/TiO2. This suggested that SiO2 in the TiO2-SiO2 catalyst supported the supression of the oxidization of SO2 to SO3. Therefore, the formation of ammonium sulphate over the catalyst and the sulphation of CeO2 in the catalyst were greatly alleviated, leading to a better resistibility of the catalyst to SO2 poisioning. After the 37 hours, the catalyst activity began to fall, and an irrecoverable deactivation of the catalyst was observed.