RESUMEN
PURPOSE: When compared to standard-length humeral stem in reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA), short humeral stems in RTSA require good proximal humeral metaphyseal bone quality to gain proper and secure fixation during prosthetic implantation. Shorter humeral stems potentially carry more risk of misalignment than standard or long humeral stems. The hypothesis was that misalignment of the short humeral stems is influenced by regional bone quality. METHODS: RTSA with a short curved humeral stem with neck-shaft angle (NSA) default of 132.5° was reviewed. The study group included 35 cases at a mean age of 75.97 (± 6.23) years. Deltoid-tuberosity index (DTI) was measured to evaluate proximal humeral bone quality. The deltoid tuberosity index was measured at immediately above position of the upper end of the deltoid tuberosity. Stem alignment was given by the angle measured in degrees between the intramedullary humeral shaft axis and the axis of the humeral implant stem. RESULTS: The patient's mean DTI was 1.37 ± 0.16 (median, 1.32; range, 1.12-1.80). 22 patients had poor bone quality (DTI < 1.4), compared to 13 patients with acceptable bone quality (DTI > 1.4). After RTSA, ten humeral components (29%) were neutrally aligned, whereas 25 humeral components (71%) were misaligned. There was no correlation between misalignment and DTI (r = 0.117; p = 0.504). But there was a strong correlation between misalignment and the patient's own NSA (r = - 0.47; p = 0.004). The postoperative stem position and stem misalignment are not associated with functional outcomes (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: The misalignment of the short curved humeral stem frequently occurs. Poor reginal humeral bone quality does not influence misalignment after RTSA with a short humeral stem. Postoperative stem alignment is associated with the patient's preoperative NSA and method of neck cut. The misalignment does not affect functional outcomes for midterm follow-up. Further long-term follow-up studies are needed to confirm its clinical relevance.
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Artroplastía de Reemplazo de Hombro , Húmero , Diseño de Prótesis , Prótesis de Hombro , Humanos , Artroplastía de Reemplazo de Hombro/métodos , Artroplastía de Reemplazo de Hombro/efectos adversos , Anciano , Húmero/cirugía , Húmero/diagnóstico por imagen , Masculino , Femenino , Prótesis de Hombro/efectos adversos , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Articulación del Hombro/cirugía , Articulación del Hombro/fisiopatología , Estudios RetrospectivosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Various complications related to the prosthesis, such as implant loosening and stress shielding phenomenon, could develop after prosthetic replacement of the radial head. Stress shielding is known to occur around rigidly fixed implants. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical influence and causative factors of the stress shielding phenomenon after radial head arthroplasty (RHA). METHODS: Clinical records and radiographs of 56 patients with unreconstructable radial head fractures who received radial head replacement between 2009 and 2019 were reviewed. Exclusion criteria were infection, loosening, and follow-up of less than 24 months. After exclusion, 35 patients were enrolled. Patients were divided into two groups: an anatomical press-fit group (Anatomical Radial Head System; Acumed, Hillsboro, OR, USA) and a round bipolar cemented group (RHS; Tornier, Montbonnot Saint-Martin, France). Stress shielding around the prosthesis was assessed in the serial radiological examination. Clinical results were assessed using Mayo elbow performance score (MEPS), Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (q-DASH) score, range of motion (flexion-extension arc and pronation-supination arc), and visual analog scale score (VAS). Correlations between stress shielding phenomenon and demographic data and functional results were analyzed. RESULTS: At an average follow-up of 43.06 (± 14.6) months, 14 (40%) out of 35 fixed stems demonstrated stress shielding. Our results showed that the rate of stress shielding was significantly higher in cases with a bilateral ligament injury and in the anatomical press-fit group (p = 0.028 and p = 0.0091, respectively). However, stress shielding around prostheses did not affect the clinical results (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: The stress shielding phenomenon around radial head prosthesis may vary according to prosthetic design and severity of ligament injuries. Stress shielding does not affect the mid-term outcomes in the treatment of acute fractures of the radial head. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III: Retrospective Cohort Comparison; Treatment Study.
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Articulación del Codo , Prótesis de Codo , Fracturas del Radio , Humanos , Estudios Retrospectivos , Resultado del Tratamiento , Radio (Anatomía)/diagnóstico por imagen , Radio (Anatomía)/cirugía , Fracturas del Radio/cirugía , Artroplastia , Rango del Movimiento ArticularRESUMEN
Oxidative stress and inflammation are associated with skeletal muscle atrophy. Because the activation of toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 induces oxidative stress and inflammation, TLR2 may be directly linked to skeletal muscle atrophy. This study examined the role of TLR2 in skeletal muscle atrophy in wild-type (WT) and TLR2 knockout (KO) mice. Immobilization for 2 weeks increased the expression of cytokine genes and the levels of carbonylated proteins and nitrotyrosine in the skeletal muscle, but these increases were lower in the TLR2 KO mice. Muscle weight loss and a reduction in treadmill running times induced by immobilization were also attenuated in TLR2 KO mice. Furthermore, immobilization increased the protein levels of forkhead box O 1/3, atrogin-1 and muscle ring finger 1 in the WT mice, which was attenuated in TLR2 KO mice. In addition, immobilization-associated increases in ubiquitinated protein levels were lower in the TLR2 KO mice. Immobilization increased the phosphorylation of Akt and p70S6K similarly in WT and KO mice. Furthermore, cardiotoxin injection into the skeletal muscle increased the protein levels of atrogin-1, interleukin-6, and nitrotyrosine and increased the levels of ubiquitinated proteins, although these levels were increased to a lesser extent in TLR2 KO mice. These results suggest that TLR2 is involved in skeletal muscle atrophy, and the inhibition of TLR2 offers a potential target for preventing skeletal muscle atrophy.
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Músculo Esquelético/metabolismo , Atrofia Muscular/metabolismo , Receptor Toll-Like 2/deficiencia , Animales , Proteínas Cardiotóxicas de Elápidos/toxicidad , Citocinas/genética , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Inmovilización , Masculino , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Ratones Noqueados , Músculo Esquelético/efectos de los fármacos , Músculo Esquelético/patología , Atrofia Muscular/genética , Atrofia Muscular/patología , Estrés Oxidativo , Fosforilación , Carbonilación Proteica , Proteolisis , ARN Mensajero/genética , ARN Mensajero/metabolismo , Receptor Toll-Like 2/genética , UbiquitinaciónRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: We evaluated interobserver and intraobserver reliability of the classification and treatment of acromioclavicular (AC) joint dislocations and assessed the impact of adding 3-dimensional computed tomography (3D CT) on the reliability of classification and treatment choice. METHODS: Ten surgeons independently reviewed plain radiographs and 3D CT in 28 cases with AC joint dislocation. Images from each case were randomly presented to the observers, with plain radiographs alone being presented first, followed by plain radiographs plus 3D CT 2 weeks later. Four weeks later, they repeated the same survey to evaluate intraobserver reliability. Reliability was assessed on the basis of Fleiss κ values. RESULTS: On the basis of plain radiographs alone, interobserver and intraobserver reliability of the Rockwood classification were fair (κ = .214) and moderate (κ = .474), respectively. Interobserver and intraobserver reliability of treatment were both fair (κ = .213 and .399, respectively). On the basis of a combination of plain radiographs and 3D CT, interobserver and intraobserver reliability of the Rockwood classification were slight (κ = .177) and moderate (κ = .565), respectively. Interobserver and intraobserver reliability of treatment were fair (κ = .253) and moderate (κ = .554), respectively. There were no significant differences in reliability between the two groups in terms of any κ values. CONCLUSION: This study suggests an overall lack of reliability of the Rockwood classification of AC joint dislocations and of decisions regarding their treatment. There is especially poor agreement between experienced shoulder surgeons. The addition of 3D CT did not improve reliability of classification and treatment of AC joint dislocations.
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Articulación Acromioclavicular/lesiones , Luxaciones Articulares/clasificación , Luxaciones Articulares/terapia , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Competencia Clínica , Femenino , Humanos , Imagenología Tridimensional , Luxaciones Articulares/diagnóstico por imagen , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Variaciones Dependientes del Observador , Estudios Prospectivos , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
PURPOSE: The menisci play a critical protective role for the knee joint through shock absorption and load distribution. We hypothesized that cartilage degeneration will be abruptly progressed if meniscal subluxation exceeds a critical point. METHODS: Of 56 cases that showed medial meniscal subluxation without cartilage degeneration of ipsilateral medial femoral condyle (MFC) on initial MRI, from January 2005 to June 2007, meniscal subluxation index (MSI), the ratio of meniscal overhang to meniscal width in mid-coronal image of initial MRI, was measured. After 2 years, 40 cases were evaluated for cartilage degeneration of ipsilateral MFC on follow-up MRI. The relationship between medial MSI on initial MRI and cartilage degeneration of MFC on follow-up MRI was analyzed. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to find a critical point of meniscal subluxation related to cartilage degeneration. RESULTS: Abrupt progression of cartilage degeneration was observed from which MSI was 0.38. Logistic regression showed that if MSI was at the critical point, which was 0.38 in our study, then the probability of cartilage degeneration to grade 3 or 4 after 2 years was 44 %. If MSI was 0.4, then the probability was 50 %. If MSI was 0.6, then the probability was 99 %. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest the existence of critical point from which the protective function of the meniscus appears to be significantly altered, and the degree of cartilage degeneration of ipsilateral femoral condyle corresponding to the amount of medial meniscal subluxation may be predictable.
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Cartílago Articular/patología , Luxación de la Rodilla/complicaciones , Articulación de la Rodilla/patología , Meniscos Tibiales/patología , Osteoartritis de la Rodilla/complicaciones , Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Masculino , Persona de Mediana EdadRESUMEN
Forkhead box O1 (FOXO1) regulates muscle growth, but the metabolic role of FOXO1 in skeletal muscle and its mechanisms remain unclear. To explore the metabolic role of FOXO1 in skeletal muscle, we generated skeletal muscle-specific Foxo1 inducible knockout (mFOXO1 iKO) mice and fed them a high-fat diet to induce obesity. We measured insulin sensitivity, fatty acid oxidation, mitochondrial function, and exercise capacity in obese mFOXO1 iKO mice and assessed the correlation between FOXO1 and mitochondria-related protein in the skeletal muscle of patients with diabetes. Obese mFOXO1 iKO mice exhibited improved mitochondrial respiratory capacity, which was followed by attenuated insulin resistance, enhanced fatty acid oxidation, and improved skeletal muscle exercise capacity. Transcriptional inhibition of FOXO1 in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor δ (PPARδ) expression was confirmed in skeletal muscle, and deletion of PPARδ abolished the beneficial effects of FOXO1 deficiency. FOXO1 protein levels were higher in the skeletal muscle of patients with diabetes and negatively correlated with PPARδ and electron transport chain protein levels. These findings highlight FOXO1 as a new repressor in PPARδ gene expression in skeletal muscle and suggest that FOXO1 links insulin resistance and mitochondrial dysfunction in skeletal muscle via PPARδ.
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Proteína Forkhead Box O1 , Resistencia a la Insulina , Ratones Noqueados , Músculo Esquelético , PPAR delta , Animales , Humanos , Masculino , Ratones , Dieta Alta en Grasa , Proteína Forkhead Box O1/metabolismo , Proteína Forkhead Box O1/genética , Resistencia a la Insulina/fisiología , Resistencia a la Insulina/genética , Mitocondrias/metabolismo , Mitocondrias Musculares/metabolismo , Músculo Esquelético/metabolismo , Obesidad/metabolismo , Obesidad/genética , PPAR delta/genética , PPAR delta/metabolismoRESUMEN
The accuracy of physical examination for diagnosing lesions of the long head of the biceps tendon (LHBT) remains unsatisfactory. The purpose of this study was to describe a new diagnostic test, the Flexion-Extension-Supination (FES) test for diagnosing lesions of the long head of biceps tendon. A prospective study of 162 patients was performed to evaluate the diagnostic value of FES test. All the participants were evaluated on the basis of their clinical presentation, physical examination (FES test), radiologic findings and arthroscopic examination. Shoulder arthroscopy findings were used as the gold standard. To reduce the omission of the hidden lesion, LHBT was checked at the intra- and the extraarticular side via arthroscopic examination. Surgical findings related to biceps pathology were as follows: rotator cuff tears, 89.5% (145/162); subacromial impingement, 8.6% (14/162); and biceps tendinitis, 1.9% (3/162). The prevalence of biceps pathology was 77.2% (125/162) of all arthroscopic procedures. No significant differences for LHBT lesions were observed between the FES test and the arthroscopic findings (P = .850). The interrater reliability of the FES test was 0.747. After excluding inconclusive results between examiners, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of the FES test were 87.9%, 66.7%, 82.9%, and 63.2%, respectively. Positive and negative likelihood ratios were 2.67 and 0.18, respectively. The maneuvers of the FES test irritate intra- and extraarticular lesion of LHBT. The FES test is a reproducible and reliable test that can be used during physical examinations to evaluate patients with LHBT lesions.
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Lesiones del Manguito de los Rotadores , Articulación del Hombro , Artroscopía/métodos , Humanos , Examen Físico , Estudios Prospectivos , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Lesiones del Manguito de los Rotadores/diagnóstico , Lesiones del Manguito de los Rotadores/cirugía , Hombro , Articulación del Hombro/cirugía , SupinaciónRESUMEN
In the treatment of displaced patella fractures, open reduction and internal fixation is essential for patellofemoral congruency and restoration of the knee extension mechanism. Various surgical techniques and materials can be used, and their clinical outcomes are favorable. However, soft-tissue and skin irritation, pain, and limited range of motion due to metallic hardware can occur, and removal of hardware such as screws and K-wire may be required after bony union. We present a vertical interfragmentary suture technique for patella fractures using sequential compressive tightening with the Nice knot. This knot-tying technique is low profile, provides stable fixation enough to hold displaced fractures, and does not require a secondary procedure for hardware removal.
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Fijación Interna de Fracturas/métodos , Fracturas Óseas/cirugía , Rótula/cirugía , Técnicas de Sutura , HumanosRESUMEN
Osteoblast apoptosis reduces bone mineral density. Apoptosis can be induced in a variety of cells by palmitate, which is one of the most common saturated fatty acids in dietary fat. The AMPK activator, AICAR, has been shown to inhibit palmitate-induced apoptosis. However, the role of palmitate in osteoblast apoptosis is currently unknown. This study examined whether palmitate could induce apoptosis in osteoblasts, and if so, whether AICAR could alleviate palmitate-induced apoptosis. Palmitate reduced cell survival and induced apoptosis in a dose- and time-dependent manner in human fetal osteoblasts (hFOB) 1.19. While the long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase inhibitor, triacsin C, inhibited palmitate-induced apoptosis, anti-oxidants and ceramide synthesis inhibitors did not attenuate the apoptosis. AICAR prevented palmitate-induced apoptosis and the inhibition of AICAR-mediated increase in fatty acid oxidation by etomoxir did not affect the prevention of apoptosis by AICAR. Constitutively-active AMPK also inhibited palmitate-induced apoptosis. Treatment with an AMPK inhibitor (compound C) and a dominant-negative AMPK adenovirus suppressed the inhibitory effect of AICAR on apoptosis. Palmitate impaired the activation of ERK by fetal bovine serum, which was blocked by AICAR. Moreover, AICAR increased ERK activation, and ERK inhibitors, PD98059 and U0126, as well as a dominant-negative MEK1, abolished the inhibitory effect of AICAR on palmitate-induced apoptosis. AICAR also inhibited palmitate-induced apoptosis in osteoblastic differentiated cells from human bone marrow, which was accompanied by recovered ERK activity. These results suggest that palmitate induces apoptosis in osteoblasts through the impaired activation of ERK, and the activation of AMPK inhibits palmitate-induced apoptosis by activating ERK.
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Aminoimidazol Carboxamida/análogos & derivados , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Activadores de Enzimas/farmacología , Osteoblastos/efectos de los fármacos , Osteoblastos/enzimología , Palmitatos/farmacología , Ribonucleótidos/farmacología , Proteínas Quinasas Activadas por AMP , Aminoimidazol Carboxamida/farmacología , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Butadienos/farmacología , Caprilatos/farmacología , Diferenciación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Línea Celular , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Ceramidas/biosíntesis , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Activación Enzimática/efectos de los fármacos , Compuestos Epoxi/farmacología , Quinasas MAP Reguladas por Señal Extracelular/antagonistas & inhibidores , Flavonoides/farmacología , Fumonisinas/farmacología , Humanos , Complejos Multienzimáticos/metabolismo , Nitrilos/farmacología , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinasas/metabolismo , Factores de TiempoAsunto(s)
Neoplasias Óseas/genética , Condromatosis/genética , Fracturas del Fémur/patología , Fémur/patología , Fracturas Espontáneas/patología , Síndromes Neoplásicos Hereditarios/genética , Neoplasias Óseas/diagnóstico por imagen , Niño , Condromatosis/diagnóstico por imagen , Fracturas del Fémur/genética , Fracturas Espontáneas/genética , Humanos , Masculino , Síndromes Neoplásicos Hereditarios/diagnóstico por imagen , Fenotipo , RadiografíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Treatment of unstable clavicle fractures remains a challenge for orthopedic surgeons, but the evolution of treatment strategies has allowed for reliable results with minimal complications. Although several surgical options exist, open reduction with plating remains the treatment of choice for clavicle fractures. The purpose of this study is to determine an easy way to achieve successful preplating reduction while minimizing surrounding soft tissue damage during treatment of midshaft fractures of the clavicle. METHODS: A retrospective study included all consecutive adult patients operated on by a single surgeon for acute displaced clavicular midshaft fracture between January 2010 and October 2014. Hybrid technique with interfragmentary cerclage wiring, temporary axial K-wire pinning, or their combination was used in all patients. The demographic data and clinical outcomes, including operation time, union time, restoration of anatomy, shoulder functional score, and complications were evaluated. RESULTS: There were 54 male and 19 female patients, with an average age of 39.3 years (range, 18 to 77 years) for males and 58.3 years (range, 39 to 77 years) for females. They were followed up for 24 months (range, 12 to 44 months). All patients had reliable bone union after surgery using interfragmentary cerclage wiring and temporary axial K-wire fixation; fracture union was obtained at an average of 11.7 weeks (range, 8 to 21 weeks) postoperatively. Additionally, there was no postoperative loss of fracture reduction or plate loosening. At the final follow-up, all patients had regained excellent functional outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: The cognizant effort to achieve anatomic reduction without surrounding soft tissue insult before definitive plating allows excellent radiologic and functional outcomes. Interfragmentary cerclage wiring and temporary axial K-wire pinning can overcome difficulties associated with unstable clavicle fractures to allow proper fracture reduction. In this article, we introduce a concise technique for achieving the desired outcomes reliably and efficiently when treating unstable clavicle midshaft fractures.
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Hilos Ortopédicos , Clavícula/lesiones , Clavícula/cirugía , Fijación Interna de Fracturas/métodos , Fracturas Óseas/cirugía , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Femenino , Fijación Interna de Fracturas/instrumentación , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Complicaciones Posoperatorias , Estudios Retrospectivos , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Existing various classification systems for distal clavicle fractures have low interobserver and intraobserver reliability and provide limited information for treatment decision. The objective of this study was to determine interobserver and intraobserver reliability of the new classification system and the associated treatment choice for distal clavicle fractures. HYPOTHESIS: The new classification system has good reliability. METHODS: Eight observers including 4 experienced shoulder specialists and 4 orthopedic fellows independently reviewed routine plain radiographs of 74 patients with distal clavicle fractures. They were asked to determine the fracture type according to the new classification system and the treatment choice for each case through web-based survey. Images from each case were randomly presented to the observers in 2 rounds 4 weeks apart. Reliability was assessed on the basis of Fleiss κ values. RESULTS: Interobserver and intraobserver reliability of the classification system were moderate (κ=0.434) and substantial (κ=0.644), respectively. Interobserver and intraobserver reliability of the treatment choice were moderate (κ=0.593) and substantial (κ=0.698), respectively. There were no significant differences in the level of reliability between experienced shoulder specialists and orthopedic fellows for any κ values (all p>0.05). CONCLUSION: Our study demonstrated moderate interobserver and substantial intraobserver reliability of the new classification system and the associated treatment choice for distal clavicle fractures. We believe that our novel classification system will help physicians to choose treatment and implants. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: III, Cohort study, Diagnosis study.
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Clavícula/lesiones , Fracturas Óseas/clasificación , Fracturas Óseas/diagnóstico por imagen , Ortopedia/métodos , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Clavícula/diagnóstico por imagen , Toma de Decisiones Clínicas , Estudios de Cohortes , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Variaciones Dependientes del Observador , Radiografía , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Although simple posterolateral or posterior elbow dislocations are relatively common and usually stable after closed reduction, simple posteromedial dislocations are extremely rare and poorly characterized. We investigated the clinical characteristics, soft-tissue injury patterns, treatments, and outcomes of a series of posteromedial elbow dislocations without relevant osseous lesions. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 20 cases of simple posteromedial elbow dislocations without relevant osseous lesions that were treated at 7 fellowship training hospitals during a 10-year period. Soft-tissue injury patterns in 15 cases were investigated with use of magnetic resonance imaging. Clinical outcomes were evaluated after an average of 56.1 months (range, 24 to 93 months) with use of the Mayo Elbow Performance Score (MEPS) and the Quick-DASH (an abbreviated version of the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand [DASH]) score. Complications were also evaluated. RESULTS: On magnetic resonance imaging, significant tears of the lateral collateral ligament complex and common extensor group were observed in all cases. Seventeen cases (85%) required surgical treatment for acute instability. Fourteen cases underwent only lateral complex repair and 3 underwent repair of both the medial and lateral complexes. At the time of the latest follow-up, the mean MEPS and Quick-DASH scores were 85.8 ± 15.0 and 10.5 ± 16.3, respectively. Seventeen patients (85%) had a satisfactory clinical outcome. Complications following treatment included 4 patients with heterotopic ossification; 2 of these patients also experienced posttraumatic elbow stiffness, which was treated with arthrolysis at 8 and 18 months after the initial operation. CONCLUSIONS: Posteromedial elbow dislocations without relevant osseous lesions are associated with a more severe soft-tissue injury, especially to the lateral complex, resulting in a high rate of surgical treatment. With careful post-reduction evaluation, either operative or nonoperative treatment provided satisfactory clinical outcomes. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
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Articulación del Codo , Luxaciones Articulares/diagnóstico , Luxaciones Articulares/terapia , Traumatismos de los Tejidos Blandos/etiología , Adulto , Anciano , Estudios de Cohortes , Femenino , Humanos , Puntaje de Gravedad del Traumatismo , Luxaciones Articulares/complicaciones , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Retrospectivos , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
In Fanconi syndrome, hypophosphatemic osteomalacia is caused by proximal renal tubule dysfunction which leads to impaired reabsorption of amino acids, glucose, urate, and phosphate. We present a rare case of a 43-year-old Korean male who was found to have insufficiency stress fracture of the femoral neck secondary to osteomalacia due to Fanconi syndrome. He had been receiving low-dose adefovir dipivoxil (ADV, 10 mg/day) for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B virus infection for 7 years and he subsequently developed severe hypophosphatemia and proximal renal tubule dysfunction. The incomplete femoral neck fracture was fixed with multiple cannulated screws to prevent further displacement of the initial fracture. After cessation of ADV and correction of hypophosphatemia with oral phosphorus supplementation, the patient's clinical symptoms, such as bone pain, muscle weakness, and laboratory findings improved.
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Adenina/análogos & derivados , Antivirales/efectos adversos , Síndrome de Fanconi , Fracturas del Cuello Femoral , Fracturas Espontáneas , Hepatitis B Crónica/tratamiento farmacológico , Organofosfonatos/efectos adversos , Osteomalacia , Adenina/efectos adversos , Adenina/uso terapéutico , Adulto , Antivirales/uso terapéutico , Síndrome de Fanconi/inducido químicamente , Síndrome de Fanconi/complicaciones , Fracturas del Cuello Femoral/diagnóstico por imagen , Fracturas del Cuello Femoral/etiología , Fracturas del Cuello Femoral/fisiopatología , Fracturas del Cuello Femoral/terapia , Fracturas Espontáneas/diagnóstico por imagen , Fracturas Espontáneas/etiología , Fracturas Espontáneas/fisiopatología , Fracturas Espontáneas/terapia , Humanos , Masculino , Organofosfonatos/uso terapéutico , Osteomalacia/diagnóstico por imagen , Osteomalacia/etiología , Osteomalacia/fisiopatología , Osteomalacia/terapiaRESUMEN
The most common fractures of the spine are associated with the thoracolumbar junction. The goals of treatment of thoracolumbar fracture are leading to early mobilization and rehabilitation by restoring mechanical stability of fracture and inducing neurologic recovery, thereby enabling patients to return to the workplace. However, it is still debatable about the treatment methods. Neurologic injury should be identified by thorough physical examination for motor and sensory nerve system in order to determine the appropriate treatment. The mechanical stability of fracture also should be evaluated by plain radiographs and computed tomography. In some cases, magnetic resonance imaging is required to evaluate soft tissue injury involving neurologic structure or posterior ligament complex. Based on these physical examinations and imaging studies, fracture stability is evaluated and it is determined whether to use the conservative or operative treatment. The development of instruments have led to more interests on the operative treatment which saves mobile segments without fusion and on instrumentation through minimal invasive approach in recent years. It is still controversial for the use of these treatments because there have not been verified evidences yet. However, the morbidity of patients can be decreased and good clinical and radiologic outcomes can be achieved if the recent operative treatments are used carefully considering the fracture pattern and the injury severity.
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BACKGROUND: Despite the essential role of vitamin D in muscle function, the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency has been reported to be very high. Recently, low vitamin D level was found to correlate with fatty degeneration of the rotator cuff tendon in humans and to negatively affect early healing at the rotator cuff repair site in an animal study. However, the effects of vitamin D level on severity of rotator cuff tear and healing after surgical repair have not been documented. PURPOSE: To evaluate (1) the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among patients who underwent arthroscopic repair for a full-thickness rotator cuff tear, (2) the relationship of vitamin D level with severity of the rotator cuff tear, and (3) surgical outcomes after repair. STUDY DESIGN: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. METHODS: A consecutive series of 91 patients (age, 50-65 years) who underwent arthroscopic rotator cuff repair for full-thickness, small-sized to massive tears were evaluated. Preoperative serum vitamin D levels (25-hydroxyvitamin) were analyzed to detect correlations with the features of a preoperative rotator cuff tear as well as postoperative structural and functional outcomes. All patients were followed clinically for a minimum of 1 year. RESULTS: Preoperative vitamin D levels were deficient (<20 ng/mL) in 80 subjects (88%), insufficient (20-30 ng/mL) in 8 subjects (9%), and normal (>30 ng/mL) in 3 subjects (3%). No correlation was found between preoperative tear size (P = .23), extent of retraction (P = .60), degree of fatty infiltration of each cuff muscle (P > .50 each), or the global fatty infiltration index (P = .32). Similarly, no correlations were detected between vitamin D level and postoperative Sugaya type (P = .66) or any of the functional outcome scores (P > .50 each). CONCLUSION: Low serum vitamin D level was not related to tear size, extent of retraction, or the degree of fatty infiltration in cuff muscles. It also had no significant relationships with postoperative structural integrity and functional outcomes after arthroscopic repair. The results suggest that low serum vitamin D level is not a significant risk factor for the severity of rotator cuff tear or poor healing after repair.
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Artroscopía/métodos , Manguito de los Rotadores/cirugía , Deficiencia de Vitamina D/epidemiología , Vitamina D/sangre , Anciano , Estudios de Cohortes , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Periodo Posoperatorio , Manguito de los Rotadores/patología , Traumatismos de los Tendones/cirugía , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
In reviewing the literature, we found few cases of Salmonella osteomyelitis of the femoral diaphysis in a healthy patient. Most are typically associated with sickle cell anemia or immunosuppressed patients. We report on the successful treatment of Salmonella osteomyelitis in the mid-diaphyseal region of the femur caused by Salmonella species in a healthy individual.
Asunto(s)
Fémur/diagnóstico por imagen , Osteomielitis/diagnóstico por imagen , Infecciones por Salmonella/diagnóstico por imagen , Diáfisis/diagnóstico por imagen , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Radiografía , Salmonella/aislamiento & purificaciónRESUMEN
AIMS: The present study examined the effect of the heme oxygenase (HO)-1 inducer hemin on skeletal muscle atrophy induced by single limb immobilization in mice. MAIN METHODS: Immobilization was conducted in the left hindlimb of C57BL/6 mice for 1 week and the right hindlimb was used as a control. Hemin (30 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally once a day during the immobilization period. Gastrocnemius muscles were used for analysis. Muscle weight was measured to quantify degree of atrophy, and exhaustion treadmill test was performed to assess muscle function. KEY FINDINGS: Immobilization increased HO-1 protein levels in skeletal muscle, which was further increased by hemin treatment. Immobilization induced weight loss and a functional reduction in skeletal muscle, which were attenuated by hemin treatment. Gene expression and protein levels of MuRF1 and atrogin-1 were increased by immobilization and hemin treatment attenuated the increment. The phosphorylation of mTOR and p70S6k was decreased by immobilization in skeletal muscle and hemin had no effect on mTOR and p70S6k phosphorylation. Gene expression of the antioxidants superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase 1 in skeletal muscle was reduced by immobilization and hemin treatment recovered the reduction. Immobilization increased levels of carbonylated protein and nitrotyrosine in skeletal muscle, which was reversed by hemin treatment. Gene expression of inflammatory cytokines was increased by immobilization and was normalized as a result of hemin treatment. SIGNIFICANCE: These results suggest that hemin attenuates immobilization-induced skeletal muscle atrophy through the suppression of protein degradation via its anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
Asunto(s)
Antiinflamatorios/uso terapéutico , Antioxidantes/uso terapéutico , Hemo-Oxigenasa 1/metabolismo , Hemina/uso terapéutico , Músculo Esquelético/efectos de los fármacos , Atrofia Muscular/tratamiento farmacológico , Animales , Citocinas/inmunología , Prueba de Esfuerzo , Inmovilización , Masculino , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Músculo Esquelético/inmunología , Músculo Esquelético/metabolismo , Músculo Esquelético/patología , Atrofia Muscular/inmunología , Atrofia Muscular/metabolismo , Atrofia Muscular/patología , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
The present study examined the effects of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) deficiency on skeletal muscle atrophy in single leg-immobilized iNOS knockout (KO) and wild-type (WT) mice. The left leg was immobilized for 1 wk, and the right leg was used as the control. Muscle weight and contraction-stimulated glucose uptake were reduced by immobilization in WT mice, which was accompanied with increased iNOS expression in skeletal muscle. Deficiency of iNOS attenuated muscle weight loss and the reduction in contraction-stimulated glucose uptake by immobilization. Phosphorylation of Akt, mTOR, and p70S6K was reduced to a similar extent by immobilization in both WT and iNOS KO mice. Immobilization decreased FoxO1 phosphorylation and increased mRNA and protein levels of MuRF1 and atrogin-1 in WT mice, which were attenuated in iNOS KO mice. Aconitase and superoxide dismutase activities were reduced by immobilization in WT mice, and deficiency of iNOS normalized these enzyme activities. Increased nitrotyrosine and carbonylated protein levels by immobilization in WT mice were reversed in iNOS KO mice. Phosphorylation of ERK and p38 was increased by immobilization in WT mice, which was reduced in iNOS KO mice. Immobilization-induced muscle atrophy was also attenuated by an iNOS-specific inhibitor N(6)-(1-iminoethyl)-l-lysine, and this finding was accompanied by increased FoxO1 phosphorylation and reduced MuRF1 and atrogin-1 levels. These results suggest that deficiency of iNOS attenuates immobilization-induced skeletal muscle atrophy through reduced oxidative stress, and iNOS-induced oxidative stress may be required for immobilization-induced skeletal muscle atrophy.
Asunto(s)
Músculo Esquelético/enzimología , Atrofia Muscular/enzimología , Óxido Nítrico Sintasa de Tipo II/deficiencia , Aconitato Hidratasa/metabolismo , Animales , Inhibidores Enzimáticos/farmacología , Proteína Forkhead Box O1 , Factores de Transcripción Forkhead/metabolismo , Glucosa/metabolismo , Suspensión Trasera , Lisina/análogos & derivados , Lisina/farmacología , Sistema de Señalización de MAP Quinasas/efectos de los fármacos , Masculino , Ratones , Ratones Noqueados , Contracción Muscular/efectos de los fármacos , Contracción Muscular/fisiología , Proteínas Musculares/metabolismo , Músculo Esquelético/anatomía & histología , Óxido Nítrico Sintasa de Tipo II/genética , Fosforilación , Carbonilación Proteica/fisiología , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-akt/metabolismo , Proteínas Quinasas S6 Ribosómicas 70-kDa/metabolismo , Proteínas Ligasas SKP Cullina F-box/metabolismo , Superóxido Dismutasa/metabolismo , Serina-Treonina Quinasas TOR/metabolismo , Proteínas de Motivos Tripartitos , Tirosina/análogos & derivados , Tirosina/análisis , Ubiquitina-Proteína Ligasas/metabolismoRESUMEN
Simultaneous bilateral spontaneous rupture of the quadriceps tendon is a very rare condition and only a few cases have been reported in the literature. The etiology is not clear yet. But it occurs infrequently in patients with chronic metabolic disorders. A 30-year-old female patient with simultaneous bilateral spontaneous quadriceps tendon rupture visited our hospital. She had chronic renal failure and her parathyroid hormone level was elevated due to parathyroid adenoma. We report a surgical repair of both quadriceps tendons of a patient with chronic renal failure as well as management of hyperparathyroidism.