Harvesting, Coupling, and Control of Single-Exciton Coherences in Photonic Waveguide Antennas.

We perform coherent nonlinear spectroscopy of individual excitons strongly confined in single InAs quantum dots (QDs). The retrieval of their intrinsically weak four-wave mixing (FWM) response is enabled by a one-dimensional dielectric waveguide antenna. Compared to a similar QD embedded in bulk media, the FWM detection sensitivity is enhanced by up to 4 orders of magnitude, over a broad operation bandwidth. Three-beam FWM is employed to investigate coherence and population dynamics within individual QD transitions. We retrieve their homogenous dephasing in a presence of low-frequency spectral wandering. Two-dimensional FWM reveals off-resonant Förster coupling between a pair of distinct QDs embedded in the antenna. We also detect a higher order QD nonlinearity (six-wave mixing) and use it to coherently control the FWM transient. Waveguide antennas enable us to conceive multicolor coherent manipulation schemes of individual emitters.

Large cell carcinoma of the lung. Ultrastructural and immunohistochemical features.

Forty one cases of large cell anaplastic carcinoma of the lung (LCACL) were investigated by electron microscopy and immunoperoxidase studies for cytokeratin, enolase, and carcinoembryonic antigen. The results indicated that these neoplasias, grouped as an unique entity by ordinary histopathologic findings, may be further divided into five groups as follows: squamous, adenomatous, adenosquamous, neuroendocrine, and undifferentiated. The authors suggest that this subclassification may be useful in treatment orientation and in the prognostic evaluation of these neoplasias.

Histochemical evaluation of lung collagen content in acute and chronic interstitial diseases.

The collagen content and its aggregational state was histochemically measured in interstitial lung diseases. Open chest biopsies of ten patients with adult respiratory distress syndrome, seven patients with sarcoidosis, and nine patients with fibrosis associated with connective tissue diseases and with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF/CTD) were compared with eight samples of normal lungs. The collagen content of diseased lungs was significantly increased when compared to control lungs, but no difference was observed among the pathologic groups. The analysis of collagen aggregational state showed maximal aggregation in IPF/CTD, followed by sarcoidosis, ARDS, and control lungs, in decreasing order. The results suggest that measurement of collagen aggregation coupled with collagen content could be used in the evaluation of interstitial lung disease and encourage the use of new techniques in order to better explain the dramatic histologic and functional alterations observed in many disease-associated lung processes.

Brain metastasis of a malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the lung.

Sarcomas metastatic to the brain as well as primary malignant fibrous histiocytomas of the lung are very unusual tumors. The authors report a case of a 52-year-old man who presented with neurological symptoms due to cerebral metastasis of a malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the lung and provide a review of the literature on the subject.

Ten years' evaluation of diet, anthropometry, and physical exercise adherence after islet allotransplantation.

Allogeneic islet transplantation (IT) provokes changes in metabolic responses and nutritional behaviors. The durability of these changes needs to be described as well as their impact on the recipients' lifestyle. The goal of this study was to investigate how islet transplantation influenced diet, exercise habits, and body composition during 10 years after IT. A retrospective study performed in 33 (14 males, 19 females) IT recipients used dietary, physical activity open- ended questionnaire and anthropometric measurements. Data were collected before transplantation, every 3 months up to the 18th and every 6 months thereafter. Data were grouped by gender and eras: pre-IT; 0-3 years; 4-6 years, and 7-10 years after IT. Reduction in body mass index (BMI) from pre-IT to 0-3 years was noted: 23.68 ± 2,18 kg/m(2) to 22.07 ± 2.94 kg/m(2) (P < .05). Increased values were observed from 0-3 years to 4-6 years in: waist circumference (WC) (76.68 ± 7.22 to 79.44 ± 7.58 cm), BMI (23,68 ± 2,18 to 22,75 ± 3,11 kg/m(2)) and weight (64.69 ± 11.98 to 67.43 ± 14 kg): (P < .03). WC increased continuously up to 7-10 years (86.33 ± 9.45 cm; P < .05). There was an average of 5.3 ± 5.6 h/wk of exercise during follow-up. From pre-IT to 0-3 years there was a 19% reduction in protein consumption (P < .05) and a 39% increase in calories from saturated fats (P < .05). A trend to reduce carbohydrates intake noted from pre-IT to 0-3 years was progressively inverted from then throughout 7-10 years (not significant). IT was associated with a significantly decreased BMI early on that it was not sustained. The subsequent weight gain and WC increase could be the result of chronic immunosuppressive therapy and/or voluntary change in eating habits. The increased consumption of carbohydrates could be related to an adaptation of a lifestyle or/and reintroduction of insulin after graft dysfunction. Active lifestyle might be result of the intensive clinical care after IT, concomitant awareness of the importance of routine physical exercise on blood glucose control, and diabetes management. Continuous follow-up of IT recipients is needed to better understand these changes and for comparison with subjects with type 1 diabetes mellitus.

Caracterización de especies de Malassezia en piel sana de estudiantes de secundaria / Characterization of Malassezia Species on the Healthy Skin of High School Students

El género Malassezia comprende un grupo de levaduras lipofílicas que forman parte de la microbiota de la piel del hombre y otros vertebrados. Sin embargo se han relacionado con varias entidades dermatológicas. En esta investigación se planteó como objetivo caracterizar las especies de Malassezia aisladas en piel sana de estudiantes del Liceo Baralt de la Ciudad de Maracaibo- Edo. Zulia. Las muestras fueron tomadas, mediante el método de la impronta con cinta adhesiva transparente, de cuero cabelludo, pabellón auricular, pecho y espalda e inoculadas en el medio Dixon Agar modificado e incubadas a 32°C por 14 días. La identificación de las especies se realizó siguiendo las claves descritas por Gueho y Cols. y el test de difusión en tween propuesto por Guillot y Cols, la prueba de la catalasa y la utilización de triptófano como única fuente de carbono. De un total de 100 estudiantes evaluados 81(81%) fueron positivos a Malassezia, se obtuvo 184 aislamientos, 100 (54,30%) para el sexo masculino y 84 (45,6%) para el femenino. Los resultados muestran una alta prevalencia de Malassezia furfur (54,3%) seguida de Malassezia sympodialis (45,1%) y Malassezia globosa (0,50%). Las localizaciones anatómicas con mayor número de aislamientos fueron espalda (33%) y pecho (30,2%).

The genus Malassezia includes a group of lipophilic yeasts that form part of the microbiota of the skin of humans and other vertebrates. Nevertheless, they have been related to several dermatological entities. This research proposed to characterize the morfo-physiological Malassezia species isolated on the healthy skin of students at the Baralt High School in the city of Maracaibo, State of Zulia. Samples were taken using the imprint method with adhesive transparent tape on the scalp, pinna, chest and back, inoculated into a modified Dixon Agar medium and incubated at 32°C for 14 days. Identification of the species was carried out following the keys described by Gueho and Cols, the diffusion in tween test proposed by Guillot and collaborators, the catalase test and the utilization of triptophan as the only source of carbon. Out of a total of 100 evaluated students, 81 (81%) were positive for Malassezia and 184 isolations were obtained; 100 (54.30%) were of the masculine sex and 81 (45.6%) were females. The results show a high prevalence of Malassezia furfur (54.3%) followed by Malassezia sympodialis (45.1%) and finally, Malassezia globosa (0.50%). Anatomical locations with the greatest number of isolations were the back (33%) and chest (30.2%).

Concurrent Churg-Strauss syndrome and temporal arteritis in a young patient with pulmonary nodules.

Very few cases of pulmonary vasculitis that cannot be classified into a single category of vasculitis have been described. We report the first case of a vasculitic process in which pulmonary involvement with asthma, eosinophilic interstitial infiltrates, and small nodules were seen in association with jaw claudication and temporal arteritis with giant cells found on biopsy. Other signs of systemic involvement were also present such as peripheral neuropathy, hematuria with erythrocytic casts and proteinuria, pericardial effusion, and a dilated cardiomyopathy. The histopathologic picture was complex and unique. The early age of onset, the multisystemic involvement, and the prompt response to cyclophosphamide pointed to a diagnosis of "polyangiitis overlap syndrome," with some aspects of Churg-Strauss syndrome and also temporal arteritis. Physicians should be aware of these polymorphous and life-threatening pulmonary vasculitic syndromes, which require aggressive immunosuppressor therapy.

[Primary lung neoplasm in a patient with breast cancer: report of a case]. / Neoplasia primária de pulmão em paciente com câncer de mama: relato de um caso.

A pulmonary nodule in a patient with a previous or concomitant diagnosis of extrathoracic malignancy is not always a synonym of metastasis. When dealing with breast cancer this is very important since the pulmonary lesion is usually not related to the primary tumor. We present a white, 69 years old patient, submitted to mastectomy four years earlier, in which a solitary pulmonary nodule was found, and after resection, the histopathologic examination disclosed a intravascular bronchoalveolar tumor. This is a rare lesion, here represented in an unusual way.

Respiratory alterations due to urban air pollution: an experimental study in rats.

In order to assess the adverse effects of urban levels of air pollution, rats were used as biological indicators in a chronic exposure experiment. Animals were housed for 6 months in the center of São Paulo (the largest South American city) and were compared to controls kept for the same period in a clean area. Pollution levels were obtained from a State air pollution monitoring station, 200 m distant from the exposure place, which provided the levels of CO, SO2, particulates, and ozone. The animals were submitted to several tests focusing on the respiratory system, comprising pulmonary function tests, studies on mucociliary clearance and mucus rheology, histochemical evaluation of airways, bronchoalveolar lavage, and ultrastructural studies of the epithelium of the airways. Rats exposed to air pollution developed secretory cell hyperplasia in the airways, ultrastructural ciliary alterations, and a more rigid mucus, changes that caused mucociliary clearance impairment. In addition, nasal resistance and the number of inflammatory cells recovered by bronchoalveolar lavage were increased in air pollution exposed animals. The results obtained in the present investigation suggest that chronic exposure to urban levels of air pollution may cause respiratory lesions in rats.

Linfadenite necrotizante hanseniana. / Necrotizing lymphadenitis in leprosy

Um caso de linfadenite necrotizante hanseniana, como forma de apresentacao clinica primaria, e descrito. A lesao correspondente na pele a reacao leprotica tipo II ou eritema nodoso. O diagnostico diferencial deve incluir outras formas de linfadenite necrotizante, como o lupus eritematoso sistemico, as micobacterioses atipicas e a doenca de Kikushi. O reconhecimento das celulas de Virchow e a pesquisa de BAAR sao fundamentais para o diagnostico final

Sindrome da imunodeficiencia adquirida: descricao anatomo-patologica de dois casos de necropsia. / Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: anatomopathological report of 2 necropsy cases

Os Autores apresentam dois casos de Sindrome de Imunodeficiencia Adquirida com enfase aos achados de necropsia. A criptococose generalizada de padrao miliar, infrequente, e a pneumocistose foram infeccoes oportunisticas de curso fatal pela destruicao parenquimatosa de orgaos vitais que acarretaram. E destacado o papel etiopatogenico do citomegalovirus, pela concomitancia de infeccao em ambos os casos e associacao aos orgaos mais afetados. Extensa necrose de supra-renal foi constatada, possivelmente secundaria a destruicao celular viral pelo CMV