Asunto(s)
Síndrome de Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida/patología , Síndrome de Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida/etiología , Glándulas Suprarrenales/patología , Adulto , Criptococosis/complicaciones , Infecciones por Citomegalovirus/complicaciones , Homosexualidad , Humanos , Pulmón/patología , Masculino , Neumonía por Pneumocystis/complicacionesRESUMEN
In order to assess the adverse effects of urban levels of air pollution, rats were used as biological indicators in a chronic exposure experiment. Animals were housed for 6 months in the center of São Paulo (the largest South American city) and were compared to controls kept for the same period in a clean area. Pollution levels were obtained from a State air pollution monitoring station, 200 m distant from the exposure place, which provided the levels of CO, SO2, particulates, and ozone. The animals were submitted to several tests focusing on the respiratory system, comprising pulmonary function tests, studies on mucociliary clearance and mucus rheology, histochemical evaluation of airways, bronchoalveolar lavage, and ultrastructural studies of the epithelium of the airways. Rats exposed to air pollution developed secretory cell hyperplasia in the airways, ultrastructural ciliary alterations, and a more rigid mucus, changes that caused mucociliary clearance impairment. In addition, nasal resistance and the number of inflammatory cells recovered by bronchoalveolar lavage were increased in air pollution exposed animals. The results obtained in the present investigation suggest that chronic exposure to urban levels of air pollution may cause respiratory lesions in rats.
Asunto(s)
Contaminación del Aire/efectos adversos , Neumonía/etiología , Sistema Respiratorio/fisiopatología , Salud Urbana , Resistencia de las Vías Respiratorias , Animales , Brasil , Líquido del Lavado Bronquioalveolar , Cilios/ultraestructura , Epitelio/patología , Epitelio/ultraestructura , Pulmón/patología , Pulmón/ultraestructura , Masculino , Microscopía Electrónica , Depuración Mucociliar , Neumonía/mortalidad , Ratas , Ratas Endogámicas , Sistema Respiratorio/patología , Sistema Respiratorio/ultraestructura , Reología , Salud Rural , Emisiones de Vehículos/efectos adversosRESUMEN
Os Autores apresentam dois casos de Sindrome de Imunodeficiencia Adquirida com enfase aos achados de necropsia. A criptococose generalizada de padrao miliar, infrequente, e a pneumocistose foram infeccoes oportunisticas de curso fatal pela destruicao parenquimatosa de orgaos vitais que acarretaram. E destacado o papel etiopatogenico do citomegalovirus, pela concomitancia de infeccao em ambos os casos e associacao aos orgaos mais afetados. Extensa necrose de supra-renal foi constatada, possivelmente secundaria a destruicao celular viral pelo CMV