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RESUMO Objetivo: Descrever o IMPACTO-MR, um estudo brasileiro de plataforma nacional em unidades de terapia intensiva focado no impacto das infecções por bactérias multirresistentes relacionadas à assistência à saúde. Métodos: Descrevemos a plataforma IMPACTO-MR, seu desenvolvimento, critérios para seleção das unidades de terapia intensiva, caracterização da coleta de dados, objetivos e projetos de pesquisa futuros a serem realizados na plataforma. Resultados: Os dados principais foram coletados por meio do Epimed Monitor System® e consistiram em dados demográficos, dados de comorbidades, estado funcional, escores clínicos, diagnóstico de internação e diagnósticos secundários, dados laboratoriais, clínicos e microbiológicos e suporte de órgãos durante a internação na unidade de terapia intensiva, entre outros. De outubro de 2019 a dezembro de 2020, 33.983 pacientes de 51 unidades de terapia intensiva foram incluídos no banco de dados principal. Conclusão: A plataforma IMPACTO-MR é um banco de dados clínico brasileiro de unidades de terapia intensiva focado na pesquisa do impacto das infecções por bactérias multirresistentes relacionadas à assistência à saúde. Essa plataforma fornece dados para o desenvolvimento e pesquisa de unidades de terapia intensiva individuais e ensaios clínicos observacionais e prospectivos multicêntricos.
ABSTRACT Objective: To describe the IMPACTO-MR, a Brazilian nationwide intensive care unit platform study focused on the impact of health care-associated infections due to multidrug-resistant bacteria. Methods: We described the IMPACTO-MR platform, its development, criteria for intensive care unit selection, characterization of core data collection, objectives, and future research projects to be held within the platform. Results: The core data were collected using the Epimed Monitor System® and consisted of demographic data, comorbidity data, functional status, clinical scores, admission diagnosis and secondary diagnoses, laboratory, clinical, and microbiological data, and organ support during intensive care unit stay, among others. From October 2019 to December 2020, 33,983 patients from 51 intensive care units were included in the core database. Conclusion: The IMPACTO-MR platform is a nationwide Brazilian intensive care unit clinical database focused on researching the impact of health care-associated infections due to multidrug-resistant bacteria. This platform provides data for individual intensive care unit development and research and multicenter observational and prospective trials.
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Introduction: The surgical site infection risk index (SSIRI) includes three risk factors for surgical site infection (SSI): potential for surgical contamination, duration of surgery, and patient's ASA score. A patient having a preoperative American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score of III, IV or IV; a surgery classified as either contaminated or dirty-infected; an operation with duration of surgery more than T hours, where T depends on the surgical procedure being performed are considered in risk of SSI. The SSIRI can be used as a method of postoperative surveillance. The aim of this study is to analyze the applicability of the SSIRI to patients undergoing cardiac, neurologic and orthopedic surgery. Methods: A retrospective cohort study including patients undergoing cardiac, neurological and orthopedic surgeries considered major, from January to December 2014, evaluated through review of medical charts of patients admitted to a university hospital in southern Brazil. Values of p <0.05 were considered significant. Results: A total of 761 patients were included in the study; of these, 122 (16%) developed SSI. The SSIRI did not demonstrate statistical significance to distinguish the patients most likely to develop SSI between the four levels of the ASA score. Black and brown patients, patients who underwent intraoperative blood transfusion, and patients who underwent surgical reintervention were more susceptible to SSI. Conclusions: The SSIRI could not be used as a method of postoperative surveillance for patients in the present study. The other risk factors found may serve as a guide to articulate SSI prevention strategies and, thus, minimize chances of development of serious infections (AU)
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Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Factores de Riesgo , Infección de la Herida Quirúrgica/epidemiología , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Cardíacos/efectos adversos , Estudios Transversales , Control de Infecciones/estadística & datos numéricos , Procedimientos Neuroquirúrgicos/efectos adversos , Procedimientos Ortopédicos/efectos adversos , Estudios RetrospectivosRESUMEN
INTRODUÇÃO: As infecções relacionadas à assistência à saúde são as complicações mais comuns a acometerem pacientes hospitalizados. O controle da disseminação de microrganismos de importância epidemiológica é um componente importante para a segurança do paciente.MÉTODOS: O estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a qualidade da limpeza terminalrealizada em leitos de uma unidade fechada para portadores de microrganismos multirresistentes. As limpezas foram avaliadas por meio de duas metodologias:inspeção visual por check list e detecção da presença de adenosina trifosfato(ATP). Foram avaliadas três superfícies próximas ao paciente: colchão, mesa de alimentação e mesa de cabeceira.RESULTADOS: Sessenta e seis leitos submetidos a limpeza terminal foram avaliados. Quinze leitos (23%) foram reprovados pela inspeção visual e 42 (66%)foram reprovados pela metodologia de detecção de ATP. As duas metodologias adotadas apresentaram baixa concordância nos resultados (kappa=0,235). As mesas de cabeceira e de alimentação apresentaram valores significantemente maiores de ATP quando comparadas aos colchões.CONCLUSÃO: As taxas de reprovação encontradas utilizando as duas metodologiasindicam que a prática hoje adotada na instituição pode ser aprimorada.
BACKGROUND: Health care acquired infections are the most common complicationsinvolving hospitalized patients. Controlling the spread of microorganisms of epidemiological importance is an essential component for patient safety.METHODS: This study aimed to evaluate the quality of terminal cleaning performed in a closed unit for patients with multidrug resistant organisms. Cleaning was evaluated using two methods: visual inspection (checklist) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP)bioluminescence assay. We evaluated three surfaces near the patient: mattress,feed table and bedside table.RESULTS: Sixty-six assessments were evaluated. Fifteen rooms (23%) were disapproved by visual inspection and 42 (66%) were disapproved by ATP detectionmethodology. The two methods used showed poor agreement of results (kappa =0.235). The bedside tables and feed tables showed significantly higher values ofATP when compared to mattresses.CONCLUSION: The cleaning failure rates found using the two different methodsindicate that the practice adopted in the institution can be improved.
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Humanos , Infección Hospitalaria , Servicio de Limpieza en Hospital , Control de Infecciones , Seguridad del PacienteRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: Drug resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis causes much higher rates of treatment toxicity, failure or relapse, and mortality. We determined the drug resistant profile of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains isolated from a population of HIV-infected patients in southern Brazil and studied the potential factors associated with resistance. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study to determine the resistance profile of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolated from HIV-infected patients and factors that could be associated with resistance from 2000 to 2005. RESULTS: 236 patients were included in the study. Resistance to at least one drug was observed in 32 (14.6%) isolates, and multi-drug resistance was observed in 4 (1.82%) isolates. On multivariate analysis, previous use of tuberculostatics and quinolones were related to any first-line drug resistance. CONCLUSIONS: In our study, previous quinolone use was significantly associated to first-line anti-TB drugs resistance. Multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is a major problem worldwide, and we believe quinolones should be used with caution in settings where TB is endemic.
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Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Antituberculosos/farmacología , Infecciones por VIH/microbiología , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/efectos de los fármacos , Quinolonas/uso terapéutico , Tuberculosis Resistente a Múltiples Medicamentos/microbiología , Antituberculosos/uso terapéutico , Biomarcadores , Estudios de Cohortes , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Análisis Multivariante , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/aislamiento & purificación , Estudios RetrospectivosRESUMEN
Introdução: Infecções cirúrgicas são o segundo tipo mais frequente de infecção relacionada à assistência de saúde e tem sua incidência reduzida com a administração de antibioticoprofilaxia cirúrgica. Materiais e métodos: Foi realizado estudo transversal, de 01 de março a 30 de abril de 2010, observando-se a adequação do uso da cefazolina na profilaxia cirúrgica. A adequação foi avaliada conforme: 1. O tempo da primeira dose, 2. A dose utilizada, 3. Doses adicionais durante a cirurgia e 4. O tempo de manutenção do antimicrobiano após o procedimento. Resultados: Foram avaliadas 264 cirurgias com uso de cefazolina como antibioticoprofilaxia cirúrgica. Cirurgias limpas foram 85,6% da amostra, dessas 43,4% tinham implante de prótese. Todas as quatro etapas avaliadas estavam adequadas em 33,7% das cirurgias, e todas as etapas foram inadequadas em 2,3% das cirurgias. O tempo para a primeira dose estava correto em 66,3% dos procedimentos. Apenas um paciente teve administrada dose inadequada do antibiótico. Das cirurgias com mais de 3h de duração, em 46,5% foram realizadas doses adicionais da cefazolina. Quarenta e oito por cento dos pacientes receberam o antimicrobiano por mais de 24h. Em 6,1% destes pacientes foi feito o diagnóstico de infecção associada ao procedimento cirúrgico. Conclusão: Há uma baixa taxa de adequação da profilaxia cirúrgica com cefazolina no hospital. É necessária uma padronização desta profilaxia, com a instituição de um protocolo assistencial visando uniformizar as condutas para a prevenção da infecção de sítio cirúrgico no HCPA.
Aims: Surgical site infections are the second most frequent cause of healthcare associated infections, and their incidence is reduced with the administration of antimicrobial prophylaxis. Methods: This cross-sectional study, conducted from March 1 to April 30, 2010, evaluated adequacy and timeliness of cefazolin administration as surgical prophylaxis. Adequacy parameters were: (1) time to first dose; (2) cefazolin dose infused; (3) additional dose during surgery; and (4) duration of antimicrobial therapy after surgery. Results: Of a total of 264 surgeries evaluated, 85.6% were classified as clean, and prostheses were implanted in 43.4%. All steps of antimicrobial prophylaxis were adequate in 33.7% of the surgeries, and all steps were inadequate in 2.3%. Time to first dose was correct in 66.3% of the cases. Only one patient received an inadequate dose of the antimicrobial. Additional doses of cefazolin were administered in 46.5% of the surgeries that lasted more than 3 hours, and 48% of the patients received antimicrobial therapy for more than 24 hours. Surgical site infection was diagnosed in 6.1% of the patients. Conclusion: The rate of adequacy of surgical prophylaxis in the hospital was low. Standardized protocols and practices should be established to ensure adequate prevention of surgical site Infection in hospitals.
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Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Cefazolina/uso terapéutico , Infección de la Herida Quirúrgica , Profilaxis Antibiótica , Estudios TransversalesRESUMEN
O aumento da incidência de germes multirresistentes (GMR) e a falta de opções terapêuticas a curto ou médio prazo representam um grande desafio aos hospitais no que se refere à prevenção da disseminação destas bactérias. Para a prevenção da transmissão de agentes infecciosos no ambiente hospitalar é preconizada a adoção de medidas de bloqueio epidemiológico. Essas políticas de bloqueio devem estar claramente estabelecidas, divulgadas aos profissionais de saúde e adotadas por estes a fim de minimizar a incidência de GMR. Revisamos aqui a política de prevenção da disseminação de germes multirresistentes no Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre.
The increasing incidence of multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) and the lack of therapeutic options in the short and medium term pose a major challenge to hospitals with regard to preventing the spread of these bacteria. Infection control measures are recommended to prevent transmission of infectious agents in hospital settings. These infection control policies should be clearly established and disseminated among health professionals in order to minimize the incidence of MDROs. We reviewed a hospital policy for prevention of transmission of MDROs at Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, southern Brazil.