Oxidative potential (OP) and mineralogy of iron ore particulate matter at the Gol-E-Gohar Mining and Industrial Facility (Iran).

Concentrations of total suspended particulate matter, particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter <2.5 µm (PM2.5), particulate matter <10 µm (PM10), and fallout dust were measured at the Iranian Gol-E-Gohar Mining and Industrial Facility. Samples were characterized in terms of mineralogy, morphology, and oxidative potential. Results show that indoor samples exceeded the 24-h PM2.5 and PM10 mass concentration limits (35 and 150 µg m-3, respectively) set by the US National Ambient Air Quality Standards. Calcite, magnetite, tremolite, pyrite, talc, and clay minerals such as kaolinite, vermiculite, and illite are the major phases of the iron ore PM. Accessory minerals are quartz, dolomite, hematite, actinolite, biotite, albite, nimite, laumontite, diopside, and muscovite. The scanning electron microscope structure of fibrous-elongated minerals revealed individual fibers in the range of 1.5 nm to 71.65 µm in length and 0.2 nm to 3.7 µm in diameter. The presence of minerals related to respiratory diseases, such as talc, crystalline silica, and needle-shaped minerals like amphibole asbestos (tremolite and actinolite), strongly suggests the need for detailed health-based studies in the region. The particulate samples show low to medium oxidative potential per unit of mass, in relation to an urban road side control, being more reactive with ascorbate than with glutathione or urate. However, the PM oxidative potential per volume of air is exceptionally high, confirming that the workers are exposed to a considerable oxidative environment. PM released by iron ore mining and processing activities should be considered a potential health risk to the mine workers and nearby employees, and strategies to combat the issue are suggested.

Shepherd's crook configuration of right coronary artery and anomalous origin of left circumflex artery from right coronary cusp in a middle-aged man-A case report.

Shepherd's crook configuration of the right coronary artery is a course anomaly where the ostium is oriented superiorly with the proximal artery taking an upward turn before resuming its regular path. Although it is classified as an unimportant hemodynamic variation, it is relevant in the context of coronary artery disease due to the technical issues it causes when being treated. The anomalous origin of the left circumflex artery arising as a separate branch from the right coronary cusp is a rare variant and its significance lies in its association with sudden arrhythmia, syncope, and sudden cardiac death. Here we report a case of a 58-year-old male patient with an anomalous course of the right coronary artery consistent with Shepherd's crook configuration and anomalous origin of the left circumflex artery from the right coronary cusp.

Hepatic portal venous gas in the case of superior mesenteric artery thrombosis in a young adult-case report.

Hepatic portal venous gas is diagnosed via computed tomography due to unusual imaging features. HPVG when linked with pneumatosis intestinalis has a high mortality rate and required urgent intervention. We present a case of a 26-year-old young adult with superior mesenteric artery thrombosis who presented with severe abdominal pain. On imaging, HPVG and pneumatosis intestinalis were seen owing to the urgent intervention of the patient. The reliable interpretation of the imaging findings along with quick intervention led to a favorable outcome in our case. Herein, we present a thorough review of the imaging findings of HPVG to make a reliable diagnosis when presented with such a case.

Non-traumatic splenic rupture and pancreatic pseudocyst as a complication of pancreatitis: A case report.

Nontraumatic splenic rupture is a rare pancreatitis complication. We present a 61-year-old chronic alcoholic male with acute on chronic pancreatitis, which progressed to pseudocyst, splenic vein thrombosis, splenic rupture, and eventually hemoperitoneum. Later, the patient required an emergency laparotomy and splenectomy. Early detection and treatment of pancreatitis and pseudocyst can help prevent a rare but potentially fatal complication like an acute rupture.

Natural killer cell T-cell lymphoma (nasal type), a rare and aggressive type of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: Case report.

In the sinonasal tract, diffuse large B-cell lymphomas are the predominant type non-Hodgkin's lymphoma while natural killer (NK) cell T-cell lymphoma, the nasal type, constitute only 3%-12% of NHLs in this region and is the more aggressive subtype. NK cell T-cell lymphoma mostly occurs in male at the median age of 50 years and has got a poor prognosis with a 3-years overall survival (OS) of 46.3% and a 5-years OS of 42%. We present a case of a 37 year old lady with a mass in nasal cavity extending to the nasopharynx and upper cervical lymphadenopathy. Biopsy from the nasal mass showed features of NHL, NK cell T-cell type although immunohistochemistry was not available for the definite diagnosis. For localized diseases, chemo-radiotherapy forms the mainstay of treatment with complete remission in up to 50% of cases while chemotherapy alone is given to patients with disseminated disease with a very poor outcome (5-year survival of 10%-45% only). In our case, the patient received first dose of chemotherapy and then died at home before receiving the second dose showing the aggressive nature of the disease. Timely diagnosis with typical imaging features and histological diagnosis can improve the outcome with complete cure in almost half of the cases with localized disease.

Asymmetric ventriculomegaly, interhemispheric cyst, and dysgenesis of corpus callosum (AVID) - case report.

AVID (Asymmetric ventriculomegaly, interhemispheric cyst, and dysgenesis of corpus callosum) spectrum is a rare phenomenon as such in its whole and the defects are not exclusive to the condition. Each may occur in isolation or together and have characteristic clinical and imaging findings. The vast array of mimics coexisting with the condition makes it a harder diagnosis to make and requires a great length of experience and observation which may explain the limited recordings of AVID. Sonography and fetal magnetic resonance imaging goes a long way and provide accurate diagnosis ruling out the mimics and aiding in prenatal visualization of the defects. Accurate diagnosis aids in effective management and counseling regarding outcomes and the potential timeline of the severity of the symptoms. In its rarity, this case report of AVID is one of the first report of its kind reported from Nepal.

Clinicoradiologic diagnosis of a rare type of congenital adrenal hyperplasia: A case report from Nepal.

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia includes defects in the synthesis of steroid hormones in the adrenal cortex. The implications of this disorder manifest in other genitourinary organs, including ovaries and uterus. The diagnosis may be suspected based on the clinical and radiologic features.

Multiple intracranial hydatid cysts in posterior fossa in an adult-A case report.

Hydatid cyst is an uncommon parasitic disease caused by larval stages of Echinococcus granulosus. The liver is the most frequently affected organ followed by the lungs and the spleen. Intracranial hydatid cysts are uncommon and occur mostly in supratentorial region. It can present with nonspecific symptoms and can be difficult to diagnose, thus regardless of unusual clinical presentation and unusual location of cystic lesion in brain, it is crucial to keep hydatid cyst as one of the differentials. We describe a case of a 28-year-old male who presented with headache, vomiting and cerebellar signs. MRI showed multiple cystic lesions in posterior fossa with asymmetrically dilated posterior horn of left lateral ventricle. Biopsy from one of the cystic lesions from posterior fossa was performed which confirmed the diagnosis of hydatid cyst. Patient was started on Albendazole and subsequently planned for surgery.

Dyke-Davidoff-Masson syndrome: A rare case of hemiatrophy of brain-Case report from Nepal.

Dyke-Davidoff-Masson syndrome (DDMS) is a rare neurological disorder that results from brain injury during intrauterine or early years of life. Prominent cortical sulci, dilated lateral ventricles, cerebral hemiatrophy, hyperpneumatization of the sinus, and compensatory hypertrophy of the skull are the characteristic findings. We describe a female patient who presented with a history of seizure, right-sided body weakness, and neuroimaging features of left cerebral hemiatrophy, dilatation of left lateral ventricle, left frontal sinus hyperpneumatization, asymmetric calvarial thickening, and elevation of the petrous ridge.

Role of diagnostic imaging in Rasmussen's encephalitis - A case report from Nepal.

Rasmussen's encephalitis (RE) is a relatively rare chronic inflammatory neurological disease that usually only affects one hemisphere of the brain. It primarily affects children under the age of 10, although it can also affect teens and adults, causing drug-resistant seizures, progressive hemiparesis, and dementia. RE presents as a challenging diagnosis with MRI as the cornerstone of the evaluation and nuclear imaging as a complementary tool. We'd like to present a case of a 12-year-old girl who was diagnosed with RE after an MRI. In this study, we examine the diagnostic criteria, differential diagnoses, and issues that underpin the diagnostic challenge in great detail.

Deep venous sinus thrombosis with right thalamic infarction in a young patient after COVID-19 vaccination.

Cerebral venous thrombosis is a rare illness, it compromises 0.5% of cases of cerebrovascular diseases globally. The condition can be treated if discovered and treated properly and quickly. With many known risk factors and in recent times with invent of the COVID-19 vaccine, there have been reported incidences of vaccination being implicated in cerebral venous sinus thrombosis. We report an unusual case of an adolescent female with imaging findings of deep cerebral venous sinus thrombosis and right thalamic infarction after recent vaccination against COVID-19. Laboratory results revealed microcytic hypochromic anemia. Further imaging was done which included a non-contrast CT head, magnetic resonance imaging, and magnetic resonance venography leading to a diagnosis of thrombosis of deep venous (galenic) system with vasogenic edema in bilateral thalami and left caudate nucleus with areas of infarction in the right thalamus. She was treated with subcutaneous low molecular weight heparin (Enoxaparin) and discharged on the third day under oral dabigatran and oral iron.

Complete interruption of aortic arch diagnosed in adulthood: a case report.

Few patients with interrupted aortas survive into maturity, and the majority of instances are diagnosed in young children. There are only a few cases of this extremely rare total aortic interruption that survives into maturity, necessitating the substantial growth of collaterals to supply the descending aorta. Here, we describe a rare instance of an interrupted aorta in a 43-year male that presented in late adulthood with complete interruption of the aortic arch. The patient has remained symptom-free and without treatment. This case gives us an idea about how one can survive into adulthood with complete interruption of the aortic arch given that extensive collaterals are formed.