Combined versus standalone XEN45 Gel Stent implantation in either phakic or pseudophakic patients: a case-matched study.

PURPOSE: To determine differing outcomes among either phakic or pseudophakic patients who received standalone XEN45 Gel Stent (Allergan, an AbbVie Company, CA, USA) implantation and patients who underwent combined surgery with phacoemulsification. METHODS: This retrospective single-center study involved 180 eyes of 180 participants who underwent XEN45 Gel Stent implantation, of which 60 eyes received combined surgery with phacoemulsification (combined group). Standalone stent implantation was performed on 60 phakic (phakic group) and on 60 pseudophakic eyes (pseudophakic group). The groups were matched in a ratio of 1:1:1 based on multiple criteria. Successful surgery was defined by three scores: IOP at the longest follow-up of < 21 mmHg (Score A) or < 18 mmHg (Score B) and an IOP reduction > 20% or IOP ≤ 15 mmHg and an IOP reduction ≥ 40% (Score C). In all scores, one open conjunctival revision was allowed, and additional repeat surgery was considered a failure. RESULTS: After an average follow-up time interval of 20.6 ± 12.6 months, there was a mean IOP-reduction by 37% among the entire cohort. Comparative analysis between the three groups did not show significant differences regarding postoperative IOP, postoperative medication score, side effects, revision rate, repeat surgery rate or success rate. A dysfunctional stent was detected in eight eyes (4%) during open conjunctival revision in 76 eyes. CONCLUSION: The clinical endpoints investigated did not differ significantly among either phakic or pseudophakic patients who received standalone stent implantation and patients who underwent combined surgery. However mean latency between primary stent implantation and first revision surgery after combined surgery was markedly shorter.

Is canaloplasty with mitomycin c a safe procedure in myopic glaucoma?

PURPOSE: Myopic glaucoma patients display a considerable risk of complications following antiglaucomatous filtering surgery, e.g., trabeculectomy. Canaloplasty with mitomycin C may reduce this risk by avoiding massive overfiltration. METHODS: We performed retrospective analysis of 31 eyes with myopia that underwent canaloplasty modified with mitomycin C in a consecutive single-surgeon case series. Annual data and success rates were analysed. Twenty-three myopic eyes that had received conventional trabeculectomy with mitomycin C were recorded as a comparison. RESULTS: The 31 eyes with a follow-up of 40 ± 26 months after canaloplasty had a mean spherical equivalent of - 8.4 ± 4.5 dioptres. Intraocular pressure decreased from 32.3 ± 9.6 mmHg (range: 17 to 58) to 16.8 ± 8.1 mmHg (range: 5 to 44) 1 year after surgery (- 46%; p < 0.001) with a medication score reduction from 5 to 1.2 (p < 0.001). Qualified success rates (Criterion B: no revision surgery, IOP < 21 mmHg, IOP reduction > 20%) were 83% after 1 year and 61% at the 2nd and 3rd years. In 5 eyes (16%), early ocular hypotony (≤ 5 mmHg) was observed. Two eyes (7%) showed transient choroidal detachment and swelling. The 23 eyes that had received trabeculectomy had success rates (Criterion B) of 91% at the 1st and 86% at the 2nd and 3rd years. Hypotony occurred in 10 eyes (44%), and 4 eyes (17%) showed choroidal detachment or macular folds. CONCLUSIONS: Postoperative complications related to overfiltration were less frequent after canaloplasty with mitomycin C. Midterm data proved good efficacy. Pressure reduction, success rates and rates of medication free patients were significantly higher in trabeculectomy compared to modified canaloplasty with mitomycin C.

Conjunctival repair after glaucoma drainage device exposure using collagen-glycosaminoglycane matrices.

BACKGROUND: To report the results of the repair of conjunctival erosions resulting from glaucoma drainage device surgery using collagen-glycosaminoglycane matrices (CGM). METHODS: Case series of 8 patients who underwent revision surgery due to conjunctival defects with exposed tubes through necrosis of the overlying scleral flap and conjunctiva after Baerveldt drainage device surgery. The defects were repaired by lateral displacement of the tube towards the sclera, with a slice of a CGM as a patch, covered by adjacent conjunctiva. RESULT: Successful, lasting closure (follow-up of 12 to 42 months) of the conjunctival defects was achieved without any side-effects or complications in all eight cases. CONCLUSIONS: Erosion of the drainage tube, creating buttonholes in the conjunctiva after implantation of glaucoma drainage devices, is a potentially serious problem. It can be managed successfully using a biodegradable CGM as a patch.

Trabectome, trabecular aspiration and phacoemulsification in a triple procedure for treating exfoliation glaucoma: A long-term follow-up.

PURPOSE: This study investigates the long-term intraocular pressure (IOP) lowering potential, risk profile and success rate of a triple procedure comprising phacoemulsification, trabecular aspiration and trabectome (Microsurgical Technology, Redmond, WA, USA) for treating exfoliation glaucoma. METHODS: A total of 117 eyes of 117 patients with exfoliation glaucoma underwent a combination of phacoemulsification, trabectome and trabecular aspiration. They were followed up for up to 7 years. The success rates were designated according to criteria based on the Tube versus Trabeculectomy Study and the World Glaucoma Association guidelines: A (no resurgery); B/C (IOP < 21/18 mmHg, no resurgery, IOP reduction > 20%); D (IOP ⩽ 15 mmHg, no resurgery, IOP reduction ⩾ 40%). RESULTS: The mean follow-up period was 46 months. IOP showed a 38% reduction from 24.5 ± 6.1 to 15.2 ± 3.6 mmHg (p < 0.0001). The Medication Score decreased by 23% from 2.2 ± 0.9 to 1.7 ±1.0 (p < 0.0001). The success rates were 87, 76, 74 and 38% according to criteria A, B, C and D. In eyes with an initial IOP of >30 mmHg, a 57% reduction from 34.2 ± 4.4 to 14.8 ± 3.2 mmHg (p < 0.0001) was observed, and the success rates were 91, 91, 82 and 59% for criteria A, B, C and D, respectively. DISCUSSION: We conclude that the triple procedure may effectively lower IOP in patients with exfoliation glaucoma over a mean follow-up period of 46 months without significant side effects. Therefore, the triple procedure may serve as first-line surgery for patients with exfoliation and cataract, even with a high initial IOP.

Combined cataract-glaucoma surgery using the intracanalicular Eyepass glaucoma implant: first clinical results of a prospective pilot study.

PURPOSE: To study prospectively the safety and pressure-reducing efficacy of the Y-shaped Eyepass glaucoma implant (GMP Vision Solutions, Inc.). SETTING: Departments of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Cologne, and University of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany. METHODS: This study comprised 12 patients with primary open-angle or exfoliative glaucoma and cataract who had phacoemulsification with endocapsular implantation of a foldable intraocular lens and intracanalicular implantation of an Eyepass glaucoma implant. The implant is a silicone microtube shunt that bypasses the trabecular meshwork and connects the lumina of Schlemm canal with the anterior chamber in combined cataract-glaucoma surgery. Perioperative complications, intraocular pressure (IOP), and pressure-reducing topical medications were monitored over a preliminary follow-up. RESULTS: Perforation of the trabecular meshwork during Eyepass implantation occurred in 2 eyes; the antiglaucoma procedure was converted to trabeculotomy after the shunt was explanted, and both eyes were excluded from further follow-up. In the remaining 10 eyes, the mean maximum IOP was 30.4 mm Hg +/- 7.5 (SD) (range 21 to 46 mm Hg) preoperatively, 12.0 +/- 6.1 mm Hg (range 2 to 20 mm Hg) 1 day postoperatively, 17.2 +/- 4.1 mm Hg (range 12 to 27 mm Hg) at 4 weeks, and 18.3 +/- 4.5 mm Hg (range 12 to 25 mm Hg) at the end of the preliminary follow-up. The mean number of topical medications was 3.2 +/- 0.8 preoperatively and 0.9 +/- 0.7 at the end of follow-up (mean 7.1 months). Although there were no major complications requiring surgical revision, 4 eyes had an IOP of 18 or higher at the end of follow-up. CONCLUSION: Combined cataract surgery with Eyepass shunt implantation was safe and appeared to be beneficial in glaucomatous eyes with cataract not requiring a low target IOP.

Clinical use of a new position-independent rebound tonometer.

PURPOSE: To compare intraocular pressure (IOP) measurements obtained by rebound tonometry (Icare PRO tonometer), applanation tonometry (Goldmann and Perkins tonometry), and dynamic contour tonometry in the upright and the supine positions, and to investigate the influence of axial length and central corneal thickness. METHODS: Ninety-nine right eyes of 99 patients with glaucoma or suspect for glaucoma, admitted to our department between November 2010 and January 2011 to obtain an IOP profile including supine measurements, were included in our study. IOP measurements were obtained in an upright position using an Icare PRO rebound (RTPRO), a Goldmann applanation (GAT), and a Pascal dynamic contour tonometer (DCT). In the supine position, IOP measurements were taken using the RTPRO and a Perkins hand-held applanation tonometer (PAT). The means and SDs for all tonometers were compared. Agreement between the tonometers was calculated using the Bland-Altman method. RESULTS: The mean IOPs obtained in the upright position were 17.7 ± 8.0 mm Hg (RTPRO), 17.6 ± 7.8 mm Hg (GAT), and 19.9 ± 6.6 mm Hg (DCT). Correlation analysis of these data indicated a good correlation between IOP readings obtained using RTPRO and GAT (r=0.951; P<0.001), and RTPRO and DCT (r=0.897; P<0.001). Bland-Altman analysis revealed mean differences (bias) between RTPRO and GAT, and between RTPRO and DCT of 0.1 mm Hg and -1.8 mm Hg, with 95% limits of agreement of -3.6 to 3.8 mm Hg and -7.3 to 3.6 mm Hg, respectively. In the supine position, the mean IOPs were 19.2 ± 6.4 mm Hg using the RTPRO and 19.6 ± 6.2 mm Hg using the PAT. CONCLUSIONS: Measurements obtained with the RTPRO, either in the upright or in the supine position, show good correlation and agreement with those provided by applanation and dynamic contour tonometry. The study was registered with the DRKS (German Clinical Trials Register; http://www.germanctr.de; DRKS00000581).