[Oral microbiome in children with dystrophic recessive epidermolysis bullosa]. / Mikrobiota slizistoi obolochki rta u detei s retsessivnym distroficheskim bulleznym epidermolizom.

THE AIM OF THE STUDY: Was to assess bacterial load in oral wounds in children with recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (RDEB). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study comprised 77 RDEB children aged 3-18 years (mean age 9.5±3.6 years) and 27 healthy children aged 4-18 years (mean age 9.8±4.1 years) who served as controls. Swabs for bacteriological study were taken from the oral wounds in RDEB patients and non-affected corresponding oral mucosa areas in controls. The microorganism growth was assessed after 24, 48 and 72 hours of incubation (37 °C and 30 °C) with subsequent identification in automatic bacteriological analyzer MicroScan Walk Away (Simens, USA). Results. The study revealed high prevalence and concentrations of Candida albicans (in 40.3% children), Staphilococcus aureus (23.4%), Enterobacter cloacae (9.1%), and Enterobacteria (10.4%) in RDEB children. From these species, only Candida albicans was present in controls (26%). The prevalence and concentration of commensal and pathogenic species correlated positively with age and significant difference was revealed between children at the age of 3-6 and 7-10 years (p=0.001). Thus, bacterial load in oral wounds correlates with the RDEB natural history and fibrosis progression. Delayed oral wound healing was associated with microbiome shift towards biofilm-producing bacteria Staphilococcus aureus and Enterobacter cloacae. CONCLUSION: Oral wounds microbiome may be an indicator of RDEB severity and tendency to oral fibrosis. The decrease of bacterial load in the oral wounds may remove one of the healing obstacles and serve as fibrosis prevention measure.

[Evaluation of effectiveness of a mouthwash containing antiseptic octenidine dihydrochloride]. / Otsenka effektivnosti primeneniya opolaskivatelya, soderzhashchego antiseptik oktenidina digidrokhlorid.

THE AIM OF THE STUDY: Was to assess changes in the oral microbiota when using octenidine dihydrochloride mouthwash. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Quantitative and qualitative changes in the oral microbiota were studied and evaluated after a single rinse, course application and long-term dates. RESULTS: A single rinse resulted in a significant decrease in the number of pathogenic microorganisms: S. aureus, C. albicans, and Enterobacteriae. After a seven-day course of mouthwash application, the complete disappearance of pathogenic microorganisms: S. aureus, S. albicans, and Enterobacteriae and an increase in the number of Lactobacillus spp were revealed. 7 days after the mouthwash was canceled, there was some recovery of pathogenic (S. aureus, Candida), the number of Lactobacillus spp. remained the same, normal microflora almost completely restored. CONCLUSION: Octenidine dihydrochloride mouthwash may be recommended for wide use in dental practice in the treatment of various oral pathological conditions, including candidiasis and dysbiosis.

[Adhesion of microorganisms to various dental materials used to form a gum contour in implant-retained restorations]. / Osobennosti adgezii mikroorganizmov k stomatologicheskim materialam, ispol'zuemym dlia formirovaniia kontura desny pri protezirovanii s oporoi na dental'nye implantaty.

The article the literature review on dental materials for the manufacture of gum formers used in dental implantology. Adhesion of microorganisms to titanium, PMMA and PEEK resins is discussed. According to published studies PEEK polymer is characterized by a similar bacterial contamination compared to titanium but shows lower degree of contamination when compared to acrylic resins in equal conditions.

[Oral manifestations of KID syndrome: rare clinical case]. / Stomatologicheskie proiavleniia KID-sindroma: redkii klinicheskii sluchai.

The paper presents a rare clinical case of an infant with KID (Keratitis, Ichthyosis, Deafness) syndrome (about 100 patients reported so far) admitted for histological verification of oral mucosa lesions. Disease pathogenesis defines inadequate reparation and skin and mucosa innate immunity defect leading to higher incidence of bacterial and fungal infections, so the 4-years old girl received treatment for vegetating candidiasis of the oral mucosa for several weeks with no clinical improvement. Initial examination showed that the oral lesions resulted from sharp edges of severely affected carious teeth. Histological study of multifocal biopsy revealed pyogenic granulomas and no signs of SCC. Teeth extraction and symptomatic treatment leaded to significant clinical improvement and some remained mucosal changes may be attributed to syndrome manifestations.

[Specific features of materials for initial pulpitis treatment].

The aim of the current study was to assess antibacterial and cytotoxic properties of Biodentine (Septodont), Rootdent (TehnoDent) and adhesive Futurabond НР (Voco). Two lines of experiments were carried out using cements water solutions and firm tablet-like samples (made by means of special pattern). Citotoxic activity was tested on NCTC L929 mice line fibroblasts culture. All the examined materials showed antibacterial activity against E. coli, S. aureus, C. albiсans, St. faecalis, mostly evident in Futurabond and the poorest in Biodentine samples. As for cytotoxic properties, Biodentine proved not to suppress metabolic activity stimulating odontotropic impact. The results confirm the analyzed materials to be a useful tool for deep caries lesions and initial pulpitis treatment.

[New guidelines for oral hygiene means registration in Russian Federation].

Technical guidelines and voluntary standards are introduced in Russia since 2003. The paper contains the analysis of advantages and disadvantages of the new system for oral hygiene means registration.

[Comparative evaluation of antimicrobial activity of root canal irrigation agents].

A comparative study of the antimicrobial activity of different antiseptics for root canal irrigation: chlorhexidine bigluconate solution in 6 concentrations (2.0-1.0-0.5-0.2-0.1-0.02%), two sodium hypochlorite formulations: "Parcan" (France) and "Hypochloran-3" (Russia), and stabilized EDTA solution (EDTA Solutions (Korea)) was carried out. The results indicate that the level of antimicrobial activity of chlorhexidine is directly proportional to its concentration. Sodium hypochlorite tends to be more effective in compare with chlorhexidine. EDTA Solutions has a pronounced antimicrobial activity against all strains.

[Comparative study of antimicrobial activity of "Biodentin" and "Rootdent" cements and "Futurabond NR" adhesive].

Bacterial contamination under fillings proved to be the main reason for pulp inflammation thus emphasizing the importance of antibacterial properties of restorative materials. The aim of the current study was to assess antibacterial properties of "Biodentine" (Septodont), "Rootdent" (TehnoDent) and adhesive "Futurabond НР" (Voco). Two lines of experiments were carried out using cements water solutions and firm tablet-like samples (made by means of special pattern). All the examined materials showed antibacterial activity against E. coli, S. aureus, C. albiсans, Str. faecalis. The results confirm the analyzed materials to be a useful tool for deep caries lesions treatment.

[Microbiological study of the efficiency of various hygienic products for toothbrushes].

Options vary about the microbial contamination of toothbrushes as well as selection of adequate remedies for their disinfection. A microbiological study of contamination of toothbrushes was conducted considering the efficiency of purifying tablets, ultraviolet radiation and 0.05% solution of chlorhexidine as means of toothbrushes disinfection.

[Changes of gingival groove microbiosis by orthodontic treatment].

Gingival groove and dental plaque microbiosis was studied for 6 months in patients receiving orthodontic treatment. The patients were divided in two groups according to the type of used toothbrushes (manual or electric). After fixation of orthodontic appliances the increase of S. epidermidis by simultaneous decrease of E. faecium was observed in both groups. This shift was overcome one month later. Electric toothbrush showed better effectiveness for dental hygiene in patients with fixed orthodontic appliances.

[Microflora dynamics in purulent skin wound in rats after ozonized perftorane applications].

In 30 Wistar rats divided in 3 groups with 10 rats in each skin defects were reproduced under anaesthesia and wound surface was fixed with the help of plastic rings. The wounds were contaminated with microbe dredge consisting of St. aureus, Ps. aeruginosa and E. coli in the concentration of 10(9) cells/ml. After 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 hours the wound was irrigated with 10-15 ml of the following solutions: in the 1st group - commercial perftorane solution, in the 2nd group - ozonized perftorane, in the 3rd group - physiological solution. Hard medium inoculation let determine total number of growing microbe colonies. The material was taken each 3rd day. 9 experimental series were executed with the total length of experiment equal to 30 days. It was established that from 15th day of the experiment in the group with ozonized perftorane irrigations the mean number of microorganisms in the wound was reduced, granulation tissue growth and epithelization were speeded up if compared with the groups of animals irrigated with physiological solution and non-ozonized perftorane. Ozone action was connected not only with its bactericidal properties but in considerable degree with comprehensive local immunity activation.

[Application of medical ozone in endodontic practice].

We analyzed the results of comparative analysis of antimicrobial activity of ozone-oxygen mixture with various concentrations of ozone referring to strains of St. mutans, St. aureus, and also mixed cultivation from root follicle with a chronic periodontitis.

[Comparison of antibacterial efficacy of 1 and 25% concentration of Metrogil-denta for inflammatory periodontal disease treatment].

The study was made of Metrogil-denta (MD) with a stable 0.25% chlorhexidine concentration and metronidazole concentration 1.0% for prevention and 25% for inflammatory periodontal disease treatment. Results of their use in 76 patients are presented. MD with 1% metronidazole failed to eliminate aerobic and anaerobic microflora completely. Bactericidal effect of Metrogil-denta was seen only in 25% metronidazole concentration.

Selective modification of putative uridine-binding site of uridine phosphorylase from E. coli with fluorescein 5'-isothiocyanate.

A putative uridine-binding site of uridine phosphorylase (EC 2.4.2.3) from E. coli was modified with fluorescein 5'-isothiocyanate (FITC). Treatment with FITC irreversibly inactivates the enzyme (Ki = 1.0 mM, k2 = 0.15 min-1). Under the conditions of 90% inactivation the incorporation of the reagent reaches about 1 mol per mol of the enzyme subunit. Addition of uridine prevents the enzyme inactivation by FITC. In contrast to this, addition of a second substrate phosphate increases the rate of inactivation by 2.3-fold (k2 = 0.34 min-1), but has no effect on the affinity of the reagent to the enzyme. The modified protein retains the ability to bind phosphate but not uridine. According to differential absorption spectroscopy data, the binding of phosphate to the active site of the enzyme is accompanied by conformational changes which may accelerate the inactivation rate. The data presented suggest that in the UPase FITC occupies the putative uridine-binding site, while the phosphate-binding site still retains the ability to interact with the second substrate.

[Selection of therapy with nitrates in patients with stable effort angina: results of comparative study of common isosorbide dinitrate and long acting preparation of isosorbide-5-mononitrate].

AIM: To assess efficacy and tolerability of a novel drug form of isosorbide-5-mononitrate in patients with ischemic heart disease and stable effort angina as compared with common isosorbide dinitrate pills. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Patients with stable class II-III effort angina (n=30) were included into a randomized crossover study in which they received isosorbide dinitrate (nitrosorbide, 10-20 mg t.i.d.) and long acting isosorbide-5-mononitrate (ephox-long, 50-100 mg o.d.) for 3 weeks each. Efficacy of treatment was assessed by clinical data and treadmill exercise tests. Questionnaires were used for registration of frequency and intensity of attacks of headache. RESULTS: The use of both isosorbide dinitrate and 5-mononitrate was associated with significant improvements of exercise tolerance however effect of mononitrate lasted longer. Nitroglycerine requirement diminished during first week of use of both drugs and remained on this level by the end of 3-rd week of treatment with mononitrate but substantially rose by the end of treatment with dinitrate. Number of attacks of headache increased during first week of treatment with both drugs, became even higher by the end of use of dinitrate and decreased by the end of use of mononitrate. CONCLUSION: Long acting form of isosorbide-5-mononitrate ephox-long taken once daily provides sufficient antianginal effect throughout a day and is better tolerated than nitrosorbide preparation of isosorbide dinitrate with moderately prolonged activity.

[Clinical-laboratory study of the efficacy of combined drug Cifran CT in complex therapy of inflammatory periodontal disease].

Data on clinical and microbiological study on 40 patients showed sufficient efficacy of combined preparation Cifran CT used in combined therapy of inflammatory periodontal disease.

[A new inhibitor of pyrimidine phosphorylase]. / Novyi ingibitor pirimidinfosforilaz.

5,5-Bis(hydroxymethyl)-2-oxo-[1-(2-trifluoromethyl)-3,3,3- trifluoropropionamido)-1-trifluoromethyl-2,2,2-trifluoroethyl- 1,3,2-dioxaphosphan (CA-423) is an in vitro inhibitor of the Escherichia coli uridine and thymidine phosphorylases. Unlike widely studied nucleoside analogues, this compound binds to the enzymes irreversibly. Its LD50 in mice was 40 mg/kg. Due to the involvement of pyrimidine phosphorylases in carcinogenesis and the relatively low toxicity of CA-423, it is promising for anticancer therapy.

[Histogenesis of the taste buds of the vallate papilla in the in the rat in the postnatal stages of development]. / Gistogenez vkusovnykh lukovits zhelobovatogo sosochka krysy na postnatal'nykh stadiiakh razvitiia.

The developing taste buds of vallate papillae were studied with electron microscope in rats during the first 7 days after birth. Two types of cells--light and dark--are identified in the taste buds of a one day old animal. The apical parts of dark cells are characterized by numerous dark granules. A distinguishing feature of light cells is the presence of synaptic contacts with afferent intragemmal nerves. On the 4th day of development on the top of the apical parts of the cell, a microvillar apparatus is seen to form, which does not yet communicate with the oral cavity. On the 7th day, basal cells appear in the taste buds. Some of these cells are seen mitotically dividing. The differentiated microvillar apparatus now communicates with oral cavity. The structure of the taste buds is getting similar to that in the adults. The structural and functional peculiarities of the developing taste buds are discussed in association with the period of ontogenesis under consideration.

[Development of atherosclerosis in alternating prolonged electrostimulation of the negative and positive hypothalamic emotiogenic zones]. / O razvitii ateroskleroza pri cheredovanii dlitel'noi élektrostimuliatsii otritsatel'nykh i polozhitel'nykh émotsiogennykh zon gipotalamusa.

Rabbits kept under conditions of free behavior were exposed to long-term electrostimulation of negative and positive emotiogenic zones of the hypothalamus by means of a special autonomous nutrition system. It is shown that long-term electrostimulation of the negative emotiogenic hypothalamic zones followed by rest causes disorders of lipid metabolism and vascular permeability and the development of atherosclerosis. The development of atherosclerosis intensifies in alternated electrostimulation of the negative and positive emotiogenic zones and rest. Electrostimulation of the positive emotiogenic hypothalamic zones does not induce atherogenic changes in the vessels. It is suggested that the atherogenic lipoproteins infiltrate into the aorta after the cessation of negative emotional stress attended by the development of positive emotional states and rest.

[Lipid peroxidation in experimental Salmonella infection]. / Perekisnoe okislenie lipidov pri éksperimental'noi sal'monelleznoi infektsii.

The results of investigation of lipid peroxidation in experimental Salmonella infection in 21-day-old rabbits are analyzed. Salmonella infection was accompanied by activation of lipid peroxidation not only in enterocytes, but also in blood serum. An increase in the level of malonic dialdehyde leads to a decrease in the antioxidation capacity and in the peroxidation resistance of erythrocytic membranes. The severity of the pathological process was found related to the activity of lipid peroxidation.