Rhodamine and related substances in food: Recent updates on pretreatment and analysis methods.

Rhodamine, a colorant prohibited in various consumer products due to its demonstrated carcinogenic, mutagenic, and toxic properties, necessitates the development of a straightforward, efficient, sensitive, environmentally friendly, and cost-effective analytical method. This review provides an overview of recent advancements in the pretreatment and determination techniques for rhodamine across diverse sample matrices since 2017. Sample preparation methods encompass both commonly used pretreatment techniques such as filtration, centrifugation, solvent extraction, and cloud point extraction, as well as innovative approaches including solid phase extraction, dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction, hollow fiber liquid phase microextraction, magnetic solid phase extraction, and matrix solid phase dispersion. The analytical techniques encompass high performance liquid chromatography, surface-enhanced Raman scattering, and sensor-based methods. Furthermore, a comprehensive examination is conducted to offer insights for future research on rhodamine regarding the advantages, disadvantages, and advancements in various pretreatment and determination methodologies.

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in the environment: Recent updates on the occurrence, fate, hazards and removal technologies.

Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) are extensively utilized pharmaceuticals worldwide. However, owing to the improper discharge and disposal practices, they have emerged as significant contaminants that are widely distributed in water, soils, and sewage sediments. This ubiquity poses a substantial threat to the ecosystem and human health. Consequently, it is imperative to develop rapid, cost-effective, efficient and reliable approaches for containing these substance in order to mitigate the deleterious impact of NSAIDs. This research provides a comprehensive review of the occurrence, fate, and hazards associated with NSAIDs in the general environment. Additionally, various removal technologies, including advanced oxidation processes, biodegradation, and adsorption, were systematically summarized. The study also presents a comparative analysis of the benefits and drawbacks of different removal technologies while interpreting challenges related to NSAIDs' removal and proposing strategies for future development.