RESUMEN
Campylobacter are zoonotic pathogens commonly associated with gastroenteritis. To assess the relevance of Campylobacter in Vietnam, an economically transitioning country in SE Asia, we conducted a survey of 343 pig and poultry farms in the Mekong delta, a region characterized by mixed species farming with limited biosecurity. The animal-level prevalence of Campylobacter was 31·9%, 23·9% and 53·7% for chickens, ducks and pigs, respectively. C. jejuni was predominant in all three host species, with the highest prevalence in pigs in high-density production areas. Campylobacter isolates demonstrated high levels of antimicrobial resistance (21% and 100% resistance against ciprofloxacin and erythromycin, respectively). Multilocus sequence type genotyping showed a high level of genetic diversity within C. jejuni, and predicted C. coli inter-species transmission. We suggest that on-going intensification of animal production systems, limited biosecurity, and increased urbanization in Vietnam is likely to result in Campylobacter becoming an increasingly significant cause of human diarrhoeal infections in coming years.
Asunto(s)
Infecciones por Campylobacter/veterinaria , Enfermedades de las Aves de Corral/epidemiología , Enfermedades de los Porcinos/epidemiología , Animales , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Campylobacter/clasificación , Campylobacter/efectos de los fármacos , Campylobacter/genética , Campylobacter/aislamiento & purificación , Infecciones por Campylobacter/epidemiología , Infecciones por Campylobacter/microbiología , Estudios Transversales , Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana , Heces/microbiología , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Tipificación de Secuencias Multilocus , Aves de Corral , Enfermedades de las Aves de Corral/microbiología , Prevalencia , Factores de Riesgo , Porcinos , Enfermedades de los Porcinos/microbiología , Vietnam/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
To evaluate toxicity of silver nanoparticles synthesized by using the reverse micelle formation method, the effects of nanoparticles on lipid peroxidation and morphological changes of cell membranes in human lymphocytes were studied. It was found that under the influence of nanoparticles a reduction in cell viability and formation of excessive levels of reactive oxygen species were observed. Silver nanoparticles at different concentrations activate the processes of lipid peroxidation and, as a consequence, led to morphological changes in human lymphocytes.