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Objectives: This study is aimed to investigate the outcome of one-stage ureteroscopy (URS) and percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) for simultaneous ureteral and renal stones over 10years at a tertiary urology institute. Materials and methods: We retrospectively analyzed the data of patients who were operated on for simultaneous ureteral and renal stones from January 2011 to December 2020. Patients were divided into 2 groups: group A, who underwent one-stage URS and prone PCNL, and group B, who underwent staged procedures. The overall success, complications, operative time, and hospital stays were compared between the 2 groups. Results: Data for 190 patients were reviewed; mean age was 50 ± 13years old, and 146 (77%) were male. The one-stage (A) and staged (B) groups included 102 and 88 patients, respectively. Group A included older patients, with a high The American Society of Anesthesiologists score, while group B included more patients with multiple or staghorn stones. The one-stage group recorded shorter operative time (120 ± 12min vs. 140 ± 16min, p = 0.02) and shorter hospital stays (3days [2-6] vs. 4days [3-9], p = 0.06). Otherwise, both groups had equal outcomes in terms of success rates and complications. Conclusions: PCNL and URS can be performed in one-session for simultaneous ureteral and renal stones, except for multiple renal and staghorn stones. The results are comparable to those of the staged procedure in terms of success rate and complications, with the advantage of a shorter operative time and hospital stay.
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OBJECTIVE: To assess the clinical relevance of small, asymptomatic, noninfection residual stone fragments (≤5 mm) after percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL), evaluated using spiral noncontrast-enhanced computed tomography (NCCT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The present retrospective study included 75 patients who underwent PNL and were proved to have a single residual caliceal stone ≤5 mm as evaluated postoperatively by NCCT. All patients were free of urinary tract infections. The outcome of these residual fragments (RFs) were reassessed ≥12 months later using NCCT. RESULTS: The mean follow-up period was 36.2 ± 20.1 months (range 12-96). Of the 75 evaluated patients, 25 (33.3%) passed the stones spontaneously during the follow-up period, 22 (29.35%) had stable asymptomatic RFs, 25 (33.3%) showed regrowth of the RFs, and 3 patients (4%) presented with slippage of the stones into the ureter. Asymptomatic patients with stable RFs elected to continue follow-up. For the remaining patients, 14 (18.7%) and 9 (12%) were referred to shock wave lithotripsy and PNL, respectively. The 3 patients with ureteral stones were treated with ureteroscopy. Only the RF size (>3 mm) correlated significantly with RF growth or ureteral obstruction (odds ratio 1.882, 95% confidence interval 0.919-3.854; P = .05). CONCLUSION: Small RFs (≤5 mm) after PNL, as assessed by NCCT, should be expected to require active intervention in one third of the patients at intermediate follow-up. A small, single, RF (≤3 mm), as assessed by NCCT, can be considered clinically insignificant.