Detection of Plasmodium falciparum using a synthetic DNA probe.

A labeled synthetic polynucleotide representing a repetitive sequence from Plasmodium falciparum was hybridized with genomic DNA spotted on nitrocellulose. After an overnight exposure, 0.1 ng of P. falciparum DNA was specifically detected and 0.01 ng was detected after an exposure of 1 week. The synthetic probe showed no cross-hybridization with host DNA or with DNA isolated from other species in the phylum Apicomplexa, P. vivax and Babesia species. Since synthetic DNA is easily prepared, the observed sensitivity and specificity suggests that synthetic DNA probes would be generally useful in diagnosis.

Laparoscopic surgical treatment of achalasia.

BACKGROUND: The authors have performed 11 myotomies in 10 patients (aged 12 to 77) with achalasia using minimally invasive techniques. METHODS: The initial 3 patients were treated via transthoracic approach; the subsequent 7 patients via transabdominal approach. The length of the myotomy was determined in conjunction with intraoperative endoscopy to facilitate dissection and demonstrate division of the lower esophageal sphincter. RESULTS: Only 1 patient required intravenous and intramuscular narcotics more than 24 hours postoperatively; 2 patients required no postoperative narcotics. The average hospital stay for those patients successfully treated endoscopically averaged 2.0 +/- 0.5 days (range 1.5 to 3). One patient was converted to open thoracotomy secondary to perforation of the mucosa. One patient required repeat laparoscopic myotomy at 3 months due to recurrent dysphagia. Follow-up conducted at clinic visits showed all patients to have benefitted with relief of dysphagia; 80% (8) reported excellent results, 10% (1) reported good results, and 10% (1) fair results. CONCLUSION: We converted from thoracic to laparoscopic myotomy because the abdominal approach simplified anesthetic and surgical management. We conclude that laparoscopic myotomy is a simple and effective treatment of achalasia.