Brazilian special olympics athletes: Oral health problems.

AIMS: The people with intellectual disabilities have been reported to be a vulnerable population in terms of oral health. This study was carried out to determine the oral health condition and treatment needs of Special Olympics athletes in Brazil. METHODS: This study is a retrospective review of oral health data collected from athletes participating in Healthy Athletes Program Special Olympics in Brazil, between the years 2015 and 2019. About 1241 athletes from the Brazil Special Olympics program were screened in the cities of São Paulo, Jundiai and Belo Horizonte (located in southeastern Brazil) and Recife (in northeastern Brazil). At each of these events, volunteer dental professionals performed an oral health screening for each athlete, All oral health assessments were done visually; and extra lighting were available if needed. The examinations were performed with the aid of a wooden spatula of the tongue depressor type and under natural light. The following parameters were recorded: mouth pain, untreated tooth decay, missing teeth, gingival signs, urgency and mouth hygiene habits. Data was analyzed using the STATA 14.0 program. Frequency tables were used for descriptive analyses. Categorical variables were compared between the different years of the event using the Chi-Square or Fisher's Exact test. Continuous variables were compared between different event years using the Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Dunn's post-hoc analyses. Simple logistic regression was used to assess the effect of age on dental assessment results. For all tests, a p-value was considered significant when less than or equal to .05. RESULTS: No statistically significant differences were observed in the frequencies of Mouth Pain and Missing Teeth over the years (p > .05). In relation to Untreated Tooth Decay, there is a higher frequency in the years 2016 and 2018 and a lower frequency in the year 2015 (p = .048). Regarding Gingival Signs of inflammation, there is a higher frequency in the years 2016 and 2018 and a lower frequency in the year 2017 (p < .001). In relation to cases of urgency (in need of treatment (Urgent treatment need, Non-Urgent or Maintenance)), there was a higher frequency (no urgency) in 2016 (p = .007). Finally, in relation to mouth hygiene habits, there is a higher frequency of participants with irregular habits in the years 2017 and 2019 (p < .001). CONCLUSION: The dental condition of Brazilian athletes Special Olympycs Brazil reported in this study from 2015 to 2019 showed us that athletes have a high prevalence of dental diseases and these needs could contribute to health damage. The athletes have many unmet dental treatment needs and these needs are similar in different regions of the country and in the years reported.

Semantic strategies in ubiquitous music: Deploying the sound sphere ecology in transitional settings.

We report the results of a study involving twenty subjects doing musical activities in transitional settings, supported by an ecology of tools based on the metaphor for creative action Sound Sphere. The Sound Sphere Ecology (SFS) is a set of web-based tools, loosely organized around audio mixing and processing tasks. It employs verbal strategies for knowledge transfer to provide support for lay participants and specialists. To understand how the stakeholders influence and are influenced by this design strategy, we carried out a series of experiments involving assessments of the participants' behaviours and of the sonic products during various creative musical tasks with SFS. The overall results were positive, indicating that the proposed metaphor provides effective support for casual interaction, highlighting the participants' level of engagement. As a downside, the assessments pointed to ease of use as the lowest and less consistent item among the rated creative factors. We discuss the implications of these results and propose various design enhancements to enable the usage of a larger pool of resources. Considering the heterogeneous profiles of casual stakeholders, methodological refinements are also proposed to assess the knowledge gained by the participants during the exploratory activities, while augmenting their ability to share knowledge. This is one of the first studies on creativity-action metaphors for casual interaction.

Fracture Resistance of CAD/CAM Lithium Disilicate of Endodontically Treated Mandibular Damaged Molars Based on Different Preparation Designs.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the fracture resistance of 2 different types of all-ceramic crown using immediate dentin sealing (IDS), obtained using a CAD/CAM system on molars with different preparations. Forty extracted lower molars were endodontically treated and divided into four groups (n = 10) according to the dental preparation. Group 1 (SP0) was prepared without filling the pulp chamber and crown-root junction was located at the cementoenamel junction (CEJ). Group 2 (SP1) was prepared without filling the pulp chamber and crown-root junction was located 1-mm above the CEJ. Groups 3 and 4 contained a flat preparation surface with no axial wall height. Group 3 (CP0) was made IDS with complete filling of the pulp chamber with composite resin and crown-root junction was located at the CEJ. Group 4 (CP1) was prepared with complete filling of the pulp chamber and crown-root junction was located 1-mm above the CEJ. All groups were restored with CAD/CAM lithium disilicate ceramic crowns. Specimens were subjected to the fracture test and statistically analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA). Fracture mode was determined using a stereoscopic microscope, classified as repairable or nonrepairable, and analyzed using Fischer's exact test. Results indicated that there were no significant differences between the groups in terms of fracture resistance or fracture pattern (p >0.05). Fracture resistance was the lowest in the SP0 group, followed by the SP1 group (1634.38 N) of CP0 (1821.50 N), and it was the highest in the CP1 group. There was a predominance of nonrepairable fractures and there were no significant differences in the fracture resistance and fracture mode of CAD/CAM lithium disilicate molar all-ceramic crowns. Endodontically treated molars teeth might be restored with endocrowns or all-ceramic crowns on flat preparation; however tooth fracture failures that affect reliability of these types of restorations should be considered.

Influence of abiotic factors on the bacteriocinogenic activity of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans.

We evaluated the influence of abiotic factors on antagonistic activity of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans strains isolated from periodontal pockets and two reference strains (ATCC 29523 and FDC Y4). Antagonistic assays were performed by the overlayer method on tryptic soy agar (TSA), brain heart infusion agar, thioglycollate agar and brucella agar, added with yeast extract and supplemented (S) or not with L-cystine and sodium bicarbonate. Iso-, auto-, and heteroantagonism against a wide range of indicator strains were assayed. The influence of incubation atmosphere (anaerobic chamber, anaerobic and candle jars) and pH (5.0 to 11.0) was also evaluated. Autoantagonism was not observed. TSA-S was shown to be the most adequate medium for antagonistic activity expression. The widest spectrum of heteroantagonistic activity was also observed on TSA-S. The incubation atmosphere affected only the isoantagonistic activity expression. Only at pH 8.0 did A. actinomycetemcomitans express bacteriocinogenic activity. The lack of standardized methodology to detect antagonistic activity can lead to discrepant results and can make data difficult to be compared. This study provides information on abiotic factors that influence bacteriocinogenic activity expression and suggests adequate culture conditions for testing A. actinomycetemcomitans bacteriocin production, contributing to the establishment of a reproducible and reliable methodology.

Bacteriocin production by Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans isolated from the oral cavity of humans with periodontal disease, periodontally healthy subjects and marmosets.

The ability of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans to produce bacteriocin has rarely been reported. Antagonistic substance production may confer an important ecological advantage for the producer microorganisms, especially in a competitive ecosystem such as the oral cavity. In the present study, 75 A. actinomycetemcomitans strains isolated from the oral cavity of human patients with periodontal disease, periodontally healthy subjects and marmosets, as well as two reference strains (A. actinomycetemcomitans ATCC 29523 and FDC Y4) were evaluated for auto-, iso-, and heteroantagonistic activity. Fifty-one (68.00%) strains exhibited antagonistic activity; heteroantagonism was observed more often than isoantagonism. Isolated strains antagonized 17 different species of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria from the oral and nonoral microbiota. Sensitivity to heat and to proteolytic enzymes constituted strong evidence that the antagonistic substance has a proteic nature. Taken together, our data enabled us to confirm that the antagonistic substance detected was a bacteriocin. The wide spectrum of activity indicates the possibility that more than one antagonistic substance is produced and that these substances play an important role in the ecological balance of the oral ecosystem.

Preparo dentário para coroa metalocerâmica em dentes anteriores, por meio da técnica de referência Inoue & Zanetti / Tooth preparation to metalloceramic crowns in anterior tooth using a referencial preparation technique called Inoue & Zanetti

Este trabalho mostra uma técnica de preparo dental denominada de "Técnica de Referência para Preparo Dental Inoue & Zanetti". Esta técnica foi inspirada no desgaste através da confecção de sulcos de orientação e ao contrário da maioria das técnicas de preparos que utilizam sulcos verticais, nesta técnica os sulcos são horizontais. Foi idealizado um kit de pontas diamantadas especiais de uso sequencial (kit Inoue/Zanetti/Feltrin - kg - Sorensen- ref. 6727) e foram desenvolvidas pontas específicas para espessura de desgaste desejada em função do tipo de coroa selecionada. Os instrumentos cortantes rotatórios foram idealizados para que o desgaste seja mínimo sem prejudicar a estética na região cervical. Consequentemente terá um menor dano ao periodonto de proteção facilitando a moldagem e a cinta metálica das coroas metalocerâmicas poderá ser menor, facilitando à estética. Os tipos de terminações marginais também são analisados, conferindo ao degrau inclinado 1350 a terminação ideal para coroas metalocerâmicas em dentes anteriores.

The paper presents a tooth preparation technique called "Inoue & Zanetti Dental Preparation Technique". This technique was inspired in the confection of orientation sulci. A special diamond burs points was created (The Inoue/Zanetti/Feltrin diamond points kit - KG - Sorensen- ref. 6727) specific for the obtainment of the desired amount of wear, for each kind of tooth preparation. Cutting rotatory instruments were developed in order to demand less dental waste without damage in the periodontal tissues. The kit enables the operator to confect aesthetic restorations with the amount of wear and marginal endings of 1350, specific for metalloceramic crowns in anterior teeth..

Leukotoxic activity of Actinobacillus Actinomycetemcomitans isolated from human and non-human primates PRIMATES

Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans is a clinically relevant periodontopathogenic Gram-negative coccobacillus that produces a leukotoxin of the RTX cytolysin family. In this study, we evaluated the leukotoxic activity of A. actinomycetemcomitans strains isolated from human and marmosets by Trypan blue exclusion and by the chemiluminescence assays. Among eight A. actinomycetemcomitans human strains studied, two (P2.17 and P8.12) were classified as high leukotoxin producers and among eight marmoset strains, one (M22.11) showed high leukotoxin production, as determined by Trypan blue exclusion assay. The reference strains ATCC 29523 and FDC Y4 respectively behaved like moderate and low producers. The chemiluminescence assay was used to evaluate the leukotoxic activity of M22.11 and P2.17 strains submitted to different growth conditions. Leukotoxic activity was detected on cells at the logarithmic phase and was similar under anaerobic and microaerophilic growth conditions. It was greatly reduced when cells were grown at glucose concentrations lower or higher than 0.75per cent (0.25per cent and 1.5per cent) in thioglycolate medium. Leukotoxin production mainly by the M22.11 strain was low in BHI broth, whereas production in TSB medium showed a similar level as in thioglycolate broth medium. Sodium bicarbonate at 10 mM did not affect leukotoxin production.

Nova técnica de referência para preparos dentais denominada Inoue & Zanetti / New referential dental preparation technique called Inoue & Zanetti

Este trabalho mostra uma técnica de preparo dental inédita denominada de "Técnica de Preparo Dental Inoue & Zanetti". A técnica foi inspirada na confecçäo de sulcos de orientaçäo. Por isso, a equipe de Prótese Parcial Fixa da UNICID criou pontas diamantadas especiais, específicas para a espessura de desgaste desejada para cada tipo de preparo. O kit de pontas diamantadas Inoue-Zanetti-Feltrin (ref. 6727) foi confeccionad em parceria com a KG Sorensen. Com esse kit, o operador pode realizar restauraçöes estéticas ("inlays", "onlays" e facetas laminadas), coroas parciais (MOD, 4/5) e coroas totais (metálicas, metaloplásticas e matalocerâmicas), com quantidade de desgaste e terminaçöes marginais específicas para cada tipo de preparo

Técnica hidrodinâmica de tratamento de canais radiculares: desenvolvimento e avaliação in vitro e ex vivo / Hydrodynamic technique of root canal treatment: development and evaluation in vitro and in vivo

O objetivo do tratamento endodôntico é restabelecer a homeostase entre o conteúdo do sistema de canais radiculares e os tecidos periodontais. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar uma técnica de limpeza hidrodinâmica e de obturação à vácuo quanto a sua capacidade de limpar, descontaminar e obturar sistemas de canais radiculares. O aparelho e as técnicas foram testadas in vitro e ex vivo, e sua eficácia de limpeza, descontaminação e obturação foram avaliadas. A capacidade de limpeza foi comparada à técnicas convencionais de tratamento endodôntico. As soluções irrigantes foram hipoclorito de sódio 2,5 por cento e ácido etilenodiaminotetracético 17 por cento. A capacidade de limpeza foi avaliada por coloração com solução de van Gieson, coloração com hematoxilina e eosina, sob microscopia estereoscópia e luz transmitida. A eficácia de descontaminação foi avaliada por técnica de imunoistoquímica. A qualidade da obturação dos canais radiculares foi avaliada por infiltração de azul de metileno, em dentes unirradiculares e multirradiculados. A técnica hidrodinâmicas foi capaz de limpar completamente o canal radicular em níveis comparáveis aos das técnicas convencionais, e possibilitou uma redução de 97 por cento no nível de contaminação do canal por Enterococcus faecalis. A técnica de obturação à vácuo possibilitou o preenchimento de todo o sistema de canais radiculares. As técnicas de limpeza, descontaminação e obturação desenvolvidas devem ser testadas ainda in vivo, mas os resultados são sugestivos do seu potencial clínico