Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic Measures: Reports From a National Survey of 9,120 ICU Clinicians.

IMPORTANCE: Recent reports identify that among hospitalized coronavirus disease 2019 patients, 30% require ICU care. Understanding ICU resource needs remains an essential component of meeting current and projected needs of critically ill coronavirus disease 2019 patients. OBJECTIVES: This study queried U.S. ICU clinician perspectives on challenging aspects of care in managing coronavirus disease 2019 patients, current and anticipated resource demands, and personal stress. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Using a descriptive survey methodology, an anonymous web-based survey was administered from April 7, 2020, to April 22, 2020 (email and newsletter) to query members of U.S. national critical care organizations. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Through a 16-item descriptive questionnaire, ICU clinician perceptions were assessed regarding current and emerging critical ICU needs in managing the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infected patients, resource levels, concerns about being exposed to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, and perceived level of personal stress. A total of 9,120 ICU clinicians responded to the survey, representing all 50 U.S. states, with 4,106 (56.9%) working in states with 20,000 or more coronavirus disease 2019 cases. The 7,317 respondents who indicated their profession included ICU nurses (n = 6,731, 91.3%), advanced practice providers (nurse practitioners and physician assistants; n = 334, 4.5%), physicians (n = 212, 2.9%), respiratory therapists (n = 31, 0.4%), and pharmacists (n = 30, 0.4%). A majority (n = 6,510, 88%) reported having cared for a patient with presumed or confirmed coronavirus disease 2019. The most critical ICU needs identified were personal protective equipment, specifically N95 respirator availability, and ICU staffing. Minimizing healthcare worker virus exposure during care was believed to be the most challenging aspect of coronavirus disease 2019 patient care (n = 2,323, 30.9%). Nurses report a high level of concern about exposing family members to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (median score of 10 on 0-10 scale). Similarly, the level of concern reached the maximum score of 10 in ICU clinicians who had provided care to coronavirus disease 2019 patients. CONCLUSIONS: This national ICU clinician survey identifies continued concerns regarding personal protective equipment supplies with the chief issue being N95 respirator availability. As the pandemic continues, ICU clinicians anticipate a number of limited resources that may impact ICU care including personnel, capacity, and surge potential, as well as staff and subsequent family members exposure to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. These persistent concerns greatly magnify personal stress, offering a therapeutic target for professional organization and facility intervention efforts.

Critical Care Clinician Reports on Coronavirus Disease 2019: Results From a National Survey of 4,875 ICU Providers.

IMPORTANCE: Global cases of coronavirus disease 2019 infection continue to increase, and significant numbers of patients are critically ill, placing an immense burden on ICU resources. Understanding baseline resource needs and surge capacity in the ICU will be essential to meet current and projected healthcare needs. Continued appraisal of the state of readiness for healthcare systems at individual, regional and national levels will be paramount to ensure we are poised to continue the fight against coronavirus disease 2019. OBJECTIVES: This study queried U.S. ICU clinician perspectives on ICU preparedness and concerns regarding delivering coronavirus disease 2019 patient care. DESIGN SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: An anonymous web-based survey administered from March 18, 2020, to March 25, 2020 (email and newsletter) used survey methodology to query members of U.S. national critical care organizations. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Through a 12-item descriptive questionnaire, ICU clinicians were assessed regarding preparedness, techniques employed to augment critical care capacity, and concerns related to caring for coronavirus disease 2019 patients. RESULTS: A total of 4,875 ICU clinicians responded to the survey. Respondents included ICU nurses (n = 3,470, 71.3%), physicians (n = 664, 13.6%), advanced practice providers (nurse practitioners and physician assistants; n = 334, 6.9%), respiratory therapists (n = 236, 4.9%), and pharmacists (n = 79, 1.6%). Over half (n = 2,552, 52.5%) reported having cared for a presumed or confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 patient. The majority (n = 4,010, 82.9%) identified that their hospital was employing techniques to augment critical care capacity. However, 64.5% (n = 3,125) believed that their ICU facility and team were inadequately prepared to treat coronavirus disease 2019 patients. The majority (n = 4,547, 93.9%) anticipated ICU personal protective equipment shortages based upon their current use profile. The chief reported concerns include ICU resource shortages such as supplies, medications, beds, ICU staffing shortages, and patient surge leading to overcrowding. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: This national ICU clinician survey indicates that hospitals are expanding ICU bed capacity to prepare for coronavirus disease 2019 patient surge. Importantly, amid this preparation, ICU clinicians harbor concerns regarding preparedness, staffing, and common use resources that merit specific education as well as resource allocation and utilization planning.

Community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus mediastinitis.

Community-associated methicillin (meticillin)-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) continues to emerge as a cause of serious infections, chiefly of the skin and soft tissues. We present the first documented case of CA-MRSA mediastinitis in an adult. Blood and mediastinal isolates were characterized as CA-MRSA by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and susceptibility testing.

Aggravation and deliberation over lung herniation.

A Caucasian woman aged 58 years with history of asthma and surgically repaired congenital diaphragmatic hernia presented to the emergency department (ED) with persistent cough, pleuritic chest pain, shortness of breath, in spite of recent treatment for influenza A virus. On physical examination, a large bulge was protruding from her left posterior thorax. She was found to have a large abnormal radiographic lucency on lateral chest X-ray posterior to the thoracic cavity, confirmed with chest CT to represent a large lung herniation in between the left seventh and eighth ribs. The patient was evaluated by a thoracic surgeon and offered surgical repair but ultimately decided on conservative management which to date has been ineffective.

Concurrent acute motor and sensory axonal neuropathy and immune thrombocytopenic purpura.

BACKGROUND: Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is a potentially life-threatening autoimmune disease causing demyelination of peripheral nerves. Multiple variants of GBS exist, with acute motor and sensory axonal neuropathy (AMSAN) being the most severe. GBS typically does not occur in the setting of other autoimmune diseases; however, few case reports do exist describing the occurrence. METHODS: We describe a patient with acute motor and sensory deficits and thrombocytopenia, ultimately diagnosed with concurrent AMSAN and immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). RESULTS: A 75-year-old woman presented with new onset diplopia and gait instability, however, was found to have a severe thrombocytopenia. Corticosteroids were initiated for ITP and intravenous immunoglobulin for apparent GBS. Nerve conduction studies and her clinical course indicated that she likely had AMSAN. Although her platelet count recovered, her neurologic status remained poor, prompting therapy with plasmapheresis with subsequent mild improvement. CONCLUSION: A review of the literature revealed eleven previous cases of concurrent GBS and ITP; however, we report the first case of concurrent AMSAN and ITP. Among these cases, trends were noted to include sex, preceding infections, and cranial nerve involvement.