Utility and practice of electrodiagnostic testing in the pediatric population: An AANEM consensus statement.

Nerve conduction studies and needle electromyography, collectively known as electrodiagnostic (EDX) studies, have been available for pediatric patients for decades, but the accessibility of this diagnostic modality and the approach to testing vary significantly depending on the physician and institution. The maturation of molecular diagnostic approaches and other diagnostic technologies such as neuromuscular ultrasound indicate that an analysis of current needs and practices for EDX studies in the pediatric population is warranted. The American Association of Neuromuscular & Electrodiagnostic Medicine convened a consensus panel to perform literature searches, share collective experiences, and develop a consensus statement. The panel found that electrodiagnostic studies continue to have high utility for the diagnosis of numerous childhood neuromuscular disorders, and that standardized approaches along with the use of high-quality reference values are important to maximize the diagnostic yield of these tests in infants, children, and adolescents.

Residual Limb Hyperhidrosis and RimabotulinumtoxinB: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Study.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the use of rimabotulinumtoxinB (BoNT/B [Myobloc]) compared with placebo in treating hyperhidrosis in the residual limbs of individuals with amputation. DESIGN: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study. SETTING: Military medical center. PARTICIPANTS: Male participants (N=9) with 11 major amputations of the lower limbs and who complained of excessive sweating in their residual limbs were enrolled in the study between September 24, 2008 to October 28, 2011. Participants' lower limbs were randomly assigned to receive injections of either BoNT/B (n=7) or placebo (n=4). INTERVENTION: BoNT/B. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary efficacy variable was a minimum of 50% reduction in sweat production 4 weeks after the injection as measured via gravimetric sweat analysis after 10 minutes of physical exertion. Secondary analyses were performed on prosthetic function and pain. RESULTS: All volunteers (100%; 7) in the BoNT/B group achieved a minimum of 50% reduction in sweat production as compared with only 50% (2) in the placebo group. The percent reduction was significantly greater for the BoNT/B group than for the placebo group (-72.7%±15.7% vs -32.7%±39.2%; P<.05). Although both groups subjectively self-reported significant sweat reduction and improved prosthetic function (P<.05 for both), objective gravimetric sweat analyses significantly decreased only for the BoNT/B group (2.3±2.3g vs 0.7±1.1g; P<.05). Neither group reported a change in phantom limb pain or residual limb pain (P>.05 for both). CONCLUSIONS: BoNT/B successfully reduces sweat production in individuals with residual limb hyperhidrosis, but does not affect pain. No differences were found in perceived effect on prosthetic use between BoNT/B and placebo groups.

The Froment-Rauber nerve: a case report and review.

INTRODUCTION: The Froment-Rauber nerve is a rarely described anomalous nerve arising from 1 of the terminal branches of the radial nerve that provides innervation to intrinsic hand muscles. We describe a 26-year-old man who had a traumatic radial nerve injury that resulted in first dorsal interosseous muscle wasting. He presented to our clinic 2.5 years post-injury, after having had unnecessarily undergone surgical exploration of the ulnar nerve. METHODS: The patient's history, clinical examination, and multiple electrodiagnostic tests were reviewed. RESULTS: All findings were consistent with a diagnosis of anomalous innervation via a Froment-Rauber nerve. CONCLUSIONS: Understanding this rare phenomenon may aid in diagnosing confusing clinical cases and prevent unnecessary procedures.

Overview of the rehabilitation of the combat casualty.

Current military conflicts, including Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF) and Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF), have presented unique challenges in the medical, surgical, and rehabilitation care of service members injured in a combat setting. Although modern body armor and advances in medical and surgical capabilities have resulted in a significant improvement in survival rates from severe injuries, rehabilitation strategies must adapt to keep pace with these advances. Rehabilitation of the combat casualty requires the integration of multiple professional disciplines to optimally address the complex medical and surgical conditions, challenging geographic limitations and unique psychosocial factors to meet the expectations of patients, families, government, and society.

Physical examination in radiculopathy.

History and physical examination is the cornerstone in the appropriate diagnosis and treatment of any patient. A comprehensive physical examination is necessary to aid in determining distributions of symptoms and to lead one to the site of pathology. The aim of this article is to aid the clinician in distinguishing radiculopathy from other causes of neck and low back pain. Physical examination of the patient with suspected radiculopathy needs to be thorough and complete to make the most accurate diagnosis. Thorough knowledge of the evidence-based literature is beneficial in maximizing patient care, particularly in the light of health care reform.