RESUMEN
Primary hyperparathyroidism is a common endocrine disorder caused by abnormal tumour parathyroid cell proliferation. Parathyroid tumours show a great variability both in clinical features, such as the severity of PTH secretion, the rate and the pattern of cell proliferation, and genetic background. Studies aiming to develop new diagnostic markers and therapeutic approaches need a deeper definition of this variability. Dysregulation of microRNAs (miRNAs) has been shown to play an essential role in the development and progression of cancer. MiRNAs are small noncoding RNAs that inhibit the translation and stability of messenger RNAs (mRNAs). Here, data about the miRNA expression pattern in parathyroid normal and tumour glands were reviewed. Though available data in parathyroid tumours are very limited, the expression pattern of a subset of specific miRNAs clearly discriminated parathyroid carcinomas from normal parathyroid glands and, more clinically relevant, from parathyroid adenomas. Investigation showed that parathyroid tumours were characterized by an embryonic expression pattern of miRNAs such as miR-296, or the miRNA clusters C19MC and miR-371-3, typically in stem cells committed to differentiation or during human embryonic development, respectively. Further, miRNA profiles were correlated with tumour aggressive behaviour. Moreover, the interaction with the oncosuppressor menin suggests that miRNAs might modulate the function of the known oncosuppressors or oncogenes involved in parathyroid tumourigenesis and thus overseeing the tumour phenotype. In conclusion, miRNAs might provide new diagnostic markers and new therapeutic approaches by developing molecular miRNA-targeted therapies for the cure of parathyroid tumours, whose unique option is surgery.
Asunto(s)
Regulación del Desarrollo de la Expresión Génica , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica , Hiperparatiroidismo/metabolismo , MicroARNs/metabolismo , Neoplasias de las Paratiroides/metabolismo , HumanosRESUMEN
The aim of the study was to evaluate the adherence of systemic sclerosis (SSc) female patients to cervix and breast cancer screening procedures, as suggested by local guidelines. A cohort of 84 SSc women was asked if they had undergone mammography and Pap test during the previous 2- and 3-year intervals, as indicated according to the Italian recommendations. The results were compared with those collected in patients affected by other chronic rheumatic disorders and in the general population. More than 85% of SSc women declared to comply with an age-related cervix and breast cancer screening schedule. The data were similar to those collected in patients affected by other chronic rheumatic disorders, whereas the subjects belonging to the general population reported to undergo breast cancer screening more frequently. Among SSc women, neither the educational level, nor the lung and skin involvement influenced their cancer screening program compliance. Only a positive history of ischemic digital ulcers seemed to interfere with mammography. Our study reported a very high percentage of SSc female patients who adhered to programs for the early detection of cervical and breast cancer. The significant adherence to guidelines may be due to the schedule adopted by the local health public service, which regularly invites eligible subjects by mail to undergo cancer screening at no charge.
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias de la Mama/diagnóstico , Detección Precoz del Cáncer , Adhesión a Directriz , Mamografía , Pacientes Ambulatorios , Esclerodermia Sistémica/complicaciones , Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino/diagnóstico , Frotis Vaginal , Adulto , Anciano , Neoplasias de la Mama/complicaciones , Estudios de Cohortes , Detección Precoz del Cáncer/métodos , Detección Precoz del Cáncer/normas , Femenino , Guías como Asunto , Conocimientos, Actitudes y Práctica en Salud , Humanos , Italia , Mamografía/métodos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Cooperación del Paciente , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino/complicaciones , Frotis Vaginal/métodosRESUMEN
Parathyroid glands regulate calcium homeostasis through synthesis and secretion of parathormone (PTH). They sense the extracellular calcium concentration through the G-protein coupled calcium sensing receptor (CASR) and release PTH in order to preserve calcium concentration in the physiological range. Tumors of the parathyroid glands are common endocrine neoplasia associated with primary or secondary/tertiary hyperparathyroidisms. Small non-coding RNAs are regulators of gene expression able to modulate hormone synthesis, hormone release and endocrine cell proliferation. In this scenario, microRNA (miRNA) expression profiles have been investigated in parathyroid tumors, while miRNAs are involved in hypocalcemia and uremia-induced PTH release from normal parathyroid cells. Here we reviewed data about the role of miRNAs in the regulation of: 1) PTH synthesis and secretion; 2) CASR expression; 3) parathyroid cell tumorigenesis. Though studies about miRNAs in parathyroid gland pathophysiology are limited, they contribute in elucidating regulatory pathways involved in PTH release and parathyroid cell tumorigenesis.
Asunto(s)
Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica , Hiperparatiroidismo/genética , Hipocalcemia/genética , MicroARNs/genética , Glándulas Paratiroides/metabolismo , Neoplasias de las Paratiroides/genética , Animales , Calcio/metabolismo , Transformación Celular Neoplásica/genética , Transformación Celular Neoplásica/metabolismo , Transformación Celular Neoplásica/patología , Células Endocrinas/metabolismo , Células Endocrinas/patología , Homeostasis , Humanos , Hiperparatiroidismo/metabolismo , Hiperparatiroidismo/fisiopatología , Hipocalcemia/metabolismo , Hipocalcemia/fisiopatología , MicroARNs/metabolismo , Glándulas Paratiroides/fisiopatología , Hormona Paratiroidea/genética , Hormona Paratiroidea/metabolismo , Neoplasias de las Paratiroides/metabolismo , Neoplasias de las Paratiroides/fisiopatología , Receptores Sensibles al Calcio/genética , Receptores Sensibles al Calcio/metabolismo , Transducción de SeñalRESUMEN
When adults and larvae of the weevil Cyrtobagous salviniae destroyed buds and tunnelled through rhizomes of Salvinia molesta, the plant responded by producting new growth which contained higher concentrations of nitrogen than in undamaged plants or in the older parent tissue of the same plant. Damage to leaves by the moth, Samea multiplicalis did not induce the same response. C. salviniae fed on the new growth and the higher nitrogen intake would have increased its reproductive capacity and enhanced its action as a biological control agent.Damage by both insects resulted in potassium leaching from the plant but no change in concentrations of phosphorus. The results support earlier suggestions that damage by C. salviniae might improve the qualtity of the host plant for this herbivore.
RESUMEN
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are posttranscriptional regulatory noncoding RNAs used to profile human hematopoietic tumors. In this study, some mature miRNAs was quantitated in peripheral blood from dogs with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Relative expression data were normalised against four endogenous controls (let-7a, miR-17-5p, miR-26b, and miR-223) selected by geNorm analysis. The results revealed distinct miRNA patterns in CLL depending on the immunophenotype. Also in dogs, the different miRNAs expression could reflect developmental lineage and tumor differentiation. The similar genetics, physiology and exposure to environment in dogs and humans make the miRNA expression study in canine CLL attractive for comparative oncology.