RESUMEN
Isothiocyanates (ITCs) have gained increasing attention since they have been attributed the merits for the potential beneficial effects of cruciferous vegetable dietary consumption on cancer. The aim of the present study was to determine the cytotoxic effects of 3-butenyl ITC (3-BI) on prostate cancer (PC) cells under in vitro conditions. Two androgen-insensitive human PC cell lines, PC-3 and DU145, were assayed. Cells were cultured in the presence of increasing concentrations of 3-BI (5, 10, 30 and 50 µM) in the absence or presence of the chemotherapeutic drug docetaxel (DOCE) (1 and 2 nM). The cytotoxic effects of these compounds were analyzed using the trypan blue exclusion assay at 24, 48 and 72 h. Apoptosis and migration assays were also performed. The results showed that 3-BI induced a dose-dependent cytotoxic effect on PC-3 cells at 24, 48 and 72 h. These effects were significantly higher than those found with DOCE at 72 h of culture. Moreover, 3-BI also potentiated the effects of DOCE in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, 3-BI showed inhibition of the migration of PC-3 cells. Nevertheless, 3-BI was not effective in the DU145 PC cell line. These results show a promising role for the 3-BI compound as a co-adjuvant agent in DOCE-based therapy in certain types of PC.
Asunto(s)
Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/farmacología , Docetaxel/farmacología , Isotiocianatos/farmacología , Neoplasias de la Próstata/tratamiento farmacológico , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapéutico , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Línea Celular Tumoral , Movimiento Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Docetaxel/uso terapéutico , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Sinergismo Farmacológico , Humanos , Isotiocianatos/uso terapéutico , MasculinoRESUMEN
Tobacco use is the leading risk factor for lung cancer, yet in addition to smoking habit, diet may also play a role in the disease's appearance. While there are reports to indicate that antioxidant vitamins and carotenoids may decrease the risk of lung cancer, results to date have been somewhat ambiguous. This review aimed to describe the results yielded by different studies, which have addressed antioxidant vitamin intake and lung cancer, and to indicate the mechanisms whereby these nutrients might be exercising their activity. Antioxidant vitamins were observed to have no clear protective effect, though there was some evidence pointing to a protective role for vitamins C and E. Vitamin A, in contrast, evinced no clear effect. Insofar as provitamin A carotenoids were concerned, lutein/zeaxanthin, lycopene and alpha-carotene displayed a certain protective trend, yet beta-carotene exhibited no protective effect whatsoever; and indeed, there was speculation as to whether it might even be pernicious in smokers. Beta-criptoxanthin, on the other hand, showed a more consistent protective effect. The study highlighted the need to conduct further research on smokers and non-smokers alike, and in particular, to investigate the effect, if any, on lung cancer of carotenoids or vitamins when ingested in differing dosages.
Asunto(s)
Antioxidantes/uso terapéutico , Neoplasias Pulmonares/prevención & control , Vitaminas/uso terapéutico , Animales , Ácido Ascórbico/uso terapéutico , Carotenoides/uso terapéutico , Estudios de Cohortes , Humanos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/epidemiología , Fumar/efectos adversos , Vitamina A/uso terapéutico , Vitamina E/uso terapéuticoRESUMEN
1 In this study, we investigated whether serotonin could regulate the in vitro activity of phagocytosis through 5-hydroxytryptamine or serotonin (5-HT(1A)) receptors. 2 Mouse peritoneal macrophages were cultured with serotonin and the activity of phagocytosis was assessed by the uptake of zymosan and latex particles added to the culture media. Specific binding of [(3)H]8-OH-DPAT and immunohistochemistry using an affinity-purified anti-5-HT(1A)-receptor antibody were assayed in the macrophages. In addition, we took advantage of the availability of pharmacological inhibitors of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) to explore its role in the regulation of the 5-HT(1A) receptor. 3 Serotonin increased the in vitro activity of phagocytosis in a dose-dependent manner. The 5-HT(1A) receptor agonist (+/-)-8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propyl-amino)-tetralin (R(+)-8-OH-DPAT) reproduced these effects. Serotonin- or R(+)-8-OH-DPAT-induced increases in phagocytosis were blocked by the 5-HT(1A) receptor antagonist WAY100635 and the NF-kappaB inhibitor pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate. Moreover, mouse peritoneal macrophages expressed specific binding sites for [(3)H]8-OH-DPAT when cultivated in the presence of zymosan or latex beads. Immunohistochemistry confirmed the expression of the 5-HT(1A) receptor protein in the macrophages. 4 These results show that serotonin can upregulate the activity of peritoneal macrophages through 5-HT(1A) receptors.
Asunto(s)
Macrófagos Peritoneales/fisiología , Fagocitosis/fisiología , Receptor de Serotonina 5-HT1A/biosíntesis , Serotonina/fisiología , 8-Hidroxi-2-(di-n-propilamino)tetralin/metabolismo , 8-Hidroxi-2-(di-n-propilamino)tetralin/farmacología , Animales , Sitios de Unión , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Técnicas In Vitro , Látex , Macrófagos Peritoneales/efectos de los fármacos , Macrófagos Peritoneales/metabolismo , Masculino , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Fagocitosis/efectos de los fármacos , Piperazinas/farmacología , Piridinas/farmacología , Serotonina/farmacología , Agonistas del Receptor de Serotonina 5-HT1 , Antagonistas del Receptor de Serotonina 5-HT1 , Regulación hacia Arriba , ZimosanRESUMEN
Mice submitted to surgical stress induced by laparotomy and treated with chronic alprazolam (1 mg/kg) showed a reduction in stress-induced suppression of thymus and spleen cellularity, as well as in peripheral T lymphocyte population. The blastic response of spleen lymphoid cells was also assessed and found to partially supress the inhibitory effect of surgery.
Asunto(s)
Alprazolam/farmacología , Tolerancia Inmunológica/efectos de los fármacos , Estrés Fisiológico/inmunología , Linfocitos T/efectos de los fármacos , Hormona Adrenocorticotrópica/sangre , Análisis de Varianza , Animales , Recuento de Células Sanguíneas , Femenino , Activación de Linfocitos/efectos de los fármacos , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Tamaño de los Órganos , Bazo/citología , Bazo/efectos de los fármacos , Linfocitos T/inmunología , Timo/citología , Timo/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
Female C3H/He mice carrying the mammary tumor virus (MTV) were monitored for mammary tumor incidence and latent periods while subjected to a daily intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of placebo or alprazolam (1 mg/kg per day). Although all of the mice were potential candidates for MTV-induced breast cancer, those injected with alprazolam were partially protected against adverse effects of stress induced by the daily administration of placebo.
Asunto(s)
Alprazolam/farmacología , Neoplasias Mamarias Experimentales/etiología , Virus del Tumor Mamario del Ratón , Estrés Fisiológico/complicaciones , Infecciones Tumorales por Virus , Factores de Edad , Alprazolam/administración & dosificación , Animales , Femenino , Neoplasias Mamarias Experimentales/prevención & control , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos C3H , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
Mice exposed to surgical stress induced by laparotomy and treated with chronic alprazolam (0.5-2 mg/kg) showed a dose-dependent reduction in stress-induced suppression of the natural killer (NK) cell activity. These immunoenhancing effects of alprazolam were more intense when it administered before the surgery was performed.
Asunto(s)
Alprazolam/farmacología , Células Asesinas Naturales/efectos de los fármacos , Estrés Fisiológico/inmunología , Animales , Formación de Anticuerpos/efectos de los fármacos , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Células Asesinas Naturales/inmunología , Masculino , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Estrés Fisiológico/tratamiento farmacológico , Estrés Fisiológico/etiología , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Operativos/efectos adversosRESUMEN
Mice exposed to a chronic auditory stressor and treated with nefazodone (10 mg/kg/day s.c.), showed a reduction in stress-induced suppression of thymus and spleen cellularity, and in peripheral T-Iymphocyte population. The in vitro blastogenic response of spleen lymphoid cells to mitogen concanavalin A, the in vitro and in vivo activity of phagocytosis, both measured using the zymosan and carbon clearance tests, respectively, were also assessed and nefazodone was found to partially reverse the inhibitory effect of stress on those parameters. Nefazodone did not significantly affect those parameters in unstressed mice. In conclusion, this report provides evidence on the immunoprotective effects of this novel antidepressant drug against the adverse effects of stress in mice.
Asunto(s)
Inmunidad/efectos de los fármacos , Linfocitos T/efectos de los fármacos , Triazoles/farmacología , Animales , Antidepresivos/farmacología , Concanavalina A/farmacología , Femenino , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Norepinefrina/metabolismo , Fagocitosis/efectos de los fármacos , Piperazinas , Serotonina/metabolismo , Antagonistas de la Serotonina/farmacología , Bazo/patología , Estrés Fisiológico/inmunología , Estrés Fisiológico/patología , Linfocitos T/inmunología , Timo/patologíaRESUMEN
Experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of amphetamine (0. 4 mg/kg) on the development of autochthonous tumors induced by the Moloney sarcoma virus (MSV) in Balb/c female mice. Enhancement of MSV-induced tumor incidence and tumor growth was observed, together with a delay in the usual prompt regression of the tumors, when mice were daily injected with amphetamine for 3 days after MSV-inoculation. However, no effects of amphetamine on tumor development were observed when it was administered during the 3 days before tumor inoculation.
Asunto(s)
Adrenérgicos/farmacología , Anfetamina/farmacología , Virus del Sarcoma Murino de Moloney , Infecciones por Retroviridae/patología , Sarcoma Experimental/patología , Infecciones Tumorales por Virus/patología , Animales , Femenino , Inmunidad Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Inyecciones Subcutáneas , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Premedicación , Infecciones por Retroviridae/tratamiento farmacológico , Sarcoma Experimental/tratamiento farmacológico , Infecciones Tumorales por Virus/tratamiento farmacológicoRESUMEN
The effect of immobilization stress on precursor cell migration from bone marrow to the thymus was studied in C57BL/6 mice. The in vitro migration assays, using Nucleopore chambers, showed that precursor cell migration to thymus supernatants was strongly inhibited in stressed animals. This inhibition of migration seemed to be cell-associated what can explain the thymic involution observed in mice under stress conditions. The migration of precursor cells from bone marrow may be one of the mechanisms by which the thymus gland is involuted by stress.
Asunto(s)
Células de la Médula Ósea , Inmovilización , Timo/citología , Animales , Animales Recién Nacidos , Movimiento Celular , Células Cultivadas , Masculino , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos C57BLRESUMEN
Experiments were conducted to evaluate the influences of chronic treatment with amphetamine (0.4 mg/kg/day) on the activity of phagocytosis in mice. Results show a decrease of the in vitro and in vivo phagocytosis measured by using the zymosan-particle uptake method and the carbon clearance test, respectively.
Asunto(s)
Anfetamina/farmacología , Fagocitosis/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Femenino , Macrófagos/efectos de los fármacos , Macrófagos/inmunología , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Cavidad Peritoneal/citología , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
Female C3H/He mice carrying the mammary tumor virus (MTV) were monitored for mammary tumor incidence and latent periods while submitted to a daily subcutaneous injection with amphetamine (0,4 mg/kg/day). Results show that amphetamine caused an increase in incidence and a decrease in latency of tumors compared with placebo. There was also appreciated a correlation with the lethality of mice.
Asunto(s)
Anfetamina/efectos adversos , Neoplasias Mamarias Experimentales/inducido químicamente , Virus del Tumor Mamario del Ratón/efectos de los fármacos , Anfetamina/administración & dosificación , Animales , Esquema de Medicación , Femenino , Neoplasias Mamarias Experimentales/microbiología , Neoplasias Mamarias Experimentales/prevención & control , Virus del Tumor Mamario del Ratón/fisiología , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos C3H , Replicación Viral/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
After 125I-beta-endorphin was intravenously injected to rats, an autoradiographic study of distal femur articular cartilage was performed. Results show a specific binding of 125I-beta-endorphin to chondrocytes, suggesting the possible existence of an opiate modulation of articular cartilage.
Asunto(s)
Cartílago Articular/metabolismo , Receptores Opioides/metabolismo , betaendorfina/metabolismo , Animales , Autorradiografía , Miembro Posterior , Masculino , Morfina/farmacología , Naloxona/farmacología , Ensayo de Unión Radioligante , Ratas , Ratas Endogámicas , Receptores Opioides/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
Several experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of chronic amphetamine on the influenza A (PR-8/34) virus specific immune injury in CD-1 mice. Treatment with amphetamine resulted in a significant increase of lung virus titers and pulmonary vascular permeability. Amphetamine also increased the lethality of infected mice.
Asunto(s)
Anfetamina/farmacología , Infecciones por Orthomyxoviridae/tratamiento farmacológico , Orthomyxoviridae/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Pulmón/microbiología , Masculino , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos , Orthomyxoviridae/patogenicidad , Distribución AleatoriaRESUMEN
Mice chronically injected with amphetamine (0.4 mg/kg/day) showed a reduction in thymus and spleen cellularity, and in peripheral T lymphocyte population. The blastogenic response of spleen lymphoid cells was assessed and amphetamine was found to inhibit T-cell proliferation. Amphetamine also reduced the capacity of mice to the development and passive transfer of immunity to Listeria monocytogenes.
Asunto(s)
Anfetamina/farmacología , Linfocitos T/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Femenino , Inmunoterapia Adoptiva , Recuento de Leucocitos/efectos de los fármacos , Listeria monocytogenes/inmunología , Activación de Linfocitos/efectos de los fármacos , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Bazo/inmunología , Linfocitos T/inmunología , Timo/inmunologíaRESUMEN
Mice exposed to a chronic auditory stressor and treated with fluoxetine (5 mg/kg) showed a reduction in stress-induced suppression of thymus and spleen cellularity, and in peripheral T lymphocyte population. The blastogenic response of spleen lymphoid cells and the delayed type hypersensitivity response (DTH) to sheep red blood cells (SRBC) were also assessed and fluoxetine was found to partially reverse the inhibitory effect of stress on both parameters.
Asunto(s)
Recuento de Células/efectos de los fármacos , Fluoxetina/farmacología , Terapia de Inmunosupresión , Estrés Fisiológico/tratamiento farmacológico , Linfocitos T/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Femenino , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Bazo/efectos de los fármacos , Timo/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
Experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of chronic buspirone (1 mg/kg/day) on the influenza A (PR-8/34) virus specific immune injury in CD-1 mice exposed to a chronic auditory stressor. Treatment with buspirone resulted in a decrease of the stress-induced increase of virus titers and pulmonary vascular permeability as well as in a reduction of the mortality of mice.
Asunto(s)
Buspirona/farmacología , Virus de la Influenza A/crecimiento & desarrollo , Infecciones por Orthomyxoviridae/inmunología , Estrés Fisiológico/complicaciones , Animales , Permeabilidad Capilar , Inmunidad Innata/efectos de los fármacos , Pulmón/virología , Masculino , Ratones , Infecciones por Orthomyxoviridae/complicaciones , Infecciones por Orthomyxoviridae/virología , Alveolos Pulmonares/irrigación sanguínea , Distribución AleatoriaRESUMEN
Mice injected with amphetamine showed a dose-related suppression of the natural killer cell activity. The capacity of T-cells to generate cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTL) in mixed lymphocyte cultures and in vivo was also assayed and amphetamine was found to inhibit CTL responses.
Asunto(s)
Anfetamina/farmacología , Inmunidad Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Células Asesinas Naturales/efectos de los fármacos , Células Asesinas Naturales/inmunología , Prueba de Cultivo Mixto de Linfocitos , Masculino , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos , Bazo/citología , Bazo/inmunología , Linfocitos T/efectos de los fármacos , Linfocitos T/inmunología , Linfocitos T Citotóxicos/efectos de los fármacos , Linfocitos T Citotóxicos/inmunologíaRESUMEN
Late-onset drinking is a common problem in elderly people related to stress induced by social isolation. Experiments were performed in order to evaluate the effects of alprazolam, a benzodiazepine agonist anxiolytic, on the free-choice ethanol consumption in aged rats subjected to isolation stress. The animals we offered a two-bottle choice consumption (one of 0.2% saccharin and the other with 10% ethanol/0.2% saccharin) and then exposed to 4 days of isolation stress on an irregular, unpredictable schedule. Stress resulted in significant increase in ethanol consumption. Treatment with alprazolam (1 mg/Kg) partially reversed this adverse effect of stress.
Asunto(s)
Envejecimiento , Consumo de Bebidas Alcohólicas/tratamiento farmacológico , Alcoholismo/tratamiento farmacológico , Alprazolam/farmacología , Ansiolíticos/farmacología , Aislamiento Social , Estrés Psicológico/complicaciones , Consumo de Bebidas Alcohólicas/psicología , Alcoholismo/etiología , Alprazolam/uso terapéutico , Animales , Ansiolíticos/uso terapéutico , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Etanol/metabolismo , Femenino , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-DawleyRESUMEN
Experiments were performed in order to evaluate the effects of fluoxetine, a selective inhibitor of neural serotonin transporter antidepressant, on the development lung metastases in rats subjected to laparotomy and injected (i.v.) with 10(4) Walker 256 (W-256) carcinosarcoma cells. The number of metastatic nodules on the surface of the lungs, as well as the percentage-area of metastases in the frontal section through pulmonary hilus were increased in rats subjected to sham-surgery or laparotomy. Treatment with fluoxetine (5 mg/kg) partially reversed those adverse effects of surgery, but the difference was clearer when it was administered before surgery was performed. Survival periods were also assessed and fluoxetine was found to decrease the lethality of rats exposed to surgery.
Asunto(s)
Antidepresivos de Segunda Generación/farmacología , Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Carcinoma 256 de Walker/tratamiento farmacológico , Carcinoma 256 de Walker/secundario , Fluoxetina/farmacología , Neoplasias Pulmonares/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias Pulmonares/secundario , Inhibidores Selectivos de la Recaptación de Serotonina/farmacología , Estrés Fisiológico/complicaciones , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Operativos/efectos adversos , Animales , Masculino , Trasplante de Neoplasias , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Estrés Fisiológico/etiologíaRESUMEN
Mice submitted to surgical stress induced by laparotomy and treated with chronic midazolam (1 mg/kg) showed a reduction in stress-induced suppression of thymus and spleen cellularity and in peripheral lymphocyte population. The blastogenic response of spleen lymphoid cells was also assessed and midazolam was found to partially attenuate the suppressive effect of surgery.