RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is a life-saving procedure for children with a variety of (non) malignant conditions. GvHD is a severe complication with high morbidity and mortality. The pathogenesis remains unclear. We studied dendritic cell (DC) reconstitution to detect potential differences, which may improve our knowledge in the development of chronic GvHD (cGvHD). PROCEDURE: We examined immune reconstitution (T, B, and NK cells and dendritic cells) at defined time points in a pediatric cohort who underwent 61 allogeneic HSCTs. RESULTS: Regarding DC reconstitution we found a fast reconstitution of the DC compartment negatively correlated with age. After HSCT, both myeloid DC (mDC) and plasmacytoid DC (pDC) counts recover to pre-HSCT levels within 2 months. Higher CCR7 positive cell counts were found in patients receiving TBI during engraftment and during the whole posttransplant period we found a correlation with an improved outcome. In cGVHD patients decreased total DC counts and increased pDCs were found after day+100. No relevant correlation was achieved regarding to HLA-matching, stem cell manipulation of the graft as well as HSCT-indication compared with different DC counts. DISCUSSION: Pathogenesis of cGvHD remains complex. Our data suggest an influence of dendritic cells, which may contribute to the clinical picture and should be further investigated in future studies.