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1.
Int J Obes (Lond) ; 45(8): 1631-1643, 2021 08.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33976376

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: A systematic review with meta-analysis was conducted to synthesise evidence on the efficacy of dietary supplements containing isolated organic compounds for weight loss. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Four electronic databases (Medline, Embase, Web of Science, Cinahl) were searched until December 2019. Sixty-seven randomised placebo-controlled trials of dietary supplements containing isolated organic compounds for weight loss were included. Meta-analyses were conducted for chitosan, glucomannan, conjugated linoleic acid and fructans, comparing mean weight difference post-intervention between participants receiving the dietary supplement or placebo. RESULTS: Statistically significant weight differences compared to placebo were observed for chitosan (-1.84 kg; 95% confidence interval [CI] -2.79, -0.88; p < 0.01), glucomannan (-1.27 kg; 95%CI -2.45, -0.09; p = 0.04), and conjugated linoleic acid (-1.08 kg; 95%CI -1.61, -0.55; p < 0.01). None met our threshold for clinical significance (≥2.5 kg). There was no statistically significant effect on weight for fructans compared to placebo (p = 0.24). For dietary supplements with an inadequate number of trials for meta-analysis, a statistically and borderline clinically significant weight difference compared to placebo was found for modified cellulose, manno-oligosaccharides (in males), blood orange juice extract, and three multiple-ingredient dietary supplements. These were only reported in one trial of each. Thus, more evidence is needed before recommending them for weight loss. CONCLUSIONS: While some dietary supplements containing isolated organic compounds warrant further investigation to determine efficacy and safety, there is currently insufficient evidence to recommend any of these dietary supplements for weight loss.


Asunto(s)
Suplementos Dietéticos , Pérdida de Peso/efectos de los fármacos , Quitosano/farmacología , Fructanos/farmacología , Humanos , Ácidos Linoleicos Conjugados/farmacología , Mananos/farmacología , Ensayos Clínicos Controlados Aleatorios como Asunto , Resultado del Tratamiento
2.
Diabetes Obes Metab ; 23 Suppl 1: 36-49, 2021 02.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33621413

RESUMEN

With the increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity worldwide, there is a reciprocal increase in the global economic burden and ill-health from obesity-related chronic diseases. Primary healthcare services have a role to play in ensuring early detection of weight issues and in directing patients towards evidence-based care to slow this progression. Research shows that many people with obesity are motivated to lose weight and want their clinician to initiate a conversation about weight management and treatment options. However, this conversation rarely occurs and there is a significant delay in treatment, resulting in an increased burden on the individual, healthcare system and society. In this paper, the components and rationale for the clinical assessment of adult patients with overweight or obesity, including anthropometric measurements and pathology tests, are described. Recommendations to ascertain the potential factors influencing the development of obesity in the patient, such as lifestyle factors (diet and physical activity) and mental health, are also provided. The potential sequelae of obesity that may be present and the necessary assessments for diagnosis are also addressed. These assessments are vital to ensure the patient is referred to the appropriate allied health services and/or specialists.


Asunto(s)
Obesidad , Sobrepeso , Adulto , Dieta , Ejercicio Físico , Humanos , Estilo de Vida , Obesidad/complicaciones , Obesidad/diagnóstico , Obesidad/terapia , Sobrepeso/complicaciones , Sobrepeso/terapia
3.
Diabetes Obes Metab ; 22(6): 891-903, 2020 06.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31984610

RESUMEN

AIM: To update the available evidence on the efficacy and safety of complementary medicines to assist in weight loss by conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis of herbal medicines for weight loss. METHODS: Four electronic databases (Medline, Embase, CINAHL and Web of Science) were searched from inception until August 2018. A total of 54 randomized placebo-controlled trials of healthy overweight or obese adults were identified. Meta-analyses were conducted for herbal medicines with ≥4 studies available. Weight differences of ≥2.5 kg were considered clinically significant. RESULTS: As a single agent, only Phaseolus vulgaris resulted in a statistically significant weight loss compared to placebo, although this was not considered clinically significant. No effect was seen for Camellia sinensis or Garcinia cambogia. Statistically, but not clinically, significant differences were observed for combination preparations containing C. sinensis, P. vulgaris or Ephedra sinica. Of the herbal medicines trialled in ≤3 randomized controlled trials, statistically and clinically significant weight loss compared to placebo was reported for Irvingia gabonensis, Cissus quadrangularis, and Sphaeranthus indicus combined with Garcinia mangostana, among others, but these findings should be interpreted cautiously because of the small number of studies, generally poor methodological quality, and poor reporting of the herbal medicine interventions. Most herbal medicines appeared safe for consumption over the short duration of the studies (commonly ≤12 weeks). Some warrant further investigation to determine effect size, dosage and long-term safety. CONCLUSION: There is currently insufficient evidence to recommend any of the herbal medicines for weight loss included in the present review.


Asunto(s)
Fitoterapia , Pérdida de Peso , Adulto , Humanos , Obesidad/tratamiento farmacológico , Sobrepeso/tratamiento farmacológico , Ensayos Clínicos Controlados Aleatorios como Asunto
4.
Nutr J ; 17(1): 64, 2018 07 04.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29973211

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Relatively little is known about dietary changes and their relationships with weight change during behavioural weight loss interventions. In a secondary analysis of data from a multicentre RCT, we investigated whether greater improvements in diet would be achieved by overweight adults following a 12 month group-based commercial weight loss programme (CP) than those receiving standard care (SC) in primary practice, and if these dietary changes were associated with greater weight loss. METHODS: Adults with a BMI 27-35 kg/m2 and >1 risk factor for obesity-related disorders were recruited in study centres in Australia and the UK during 2007-2008. Dietary intake and body weight were measured at baseline, 6 and 12 months. Linear mixed effects models compared mean changes in dietary macronutrient intake, fibre density and energy density over time between groups, and their relationships with weight loss. RESULTS: The CP group demonstrated greater mean weight loss than the SC group at 6 months (3.3 kg, 95% CI: 2.2, 4.4) and 12 months (3.3 kg, 95% CI: 2.1, 4.5). Diet quality improved in both intervention groups at 6 and 12 months. However, the CP group (n = 228) achieved significantly greater mean reductions in energy intake (mean difference; 95% CI: - 503 kJ/d; - 913, - 93), dietary energy density (- 0.48 MJ/g; - 0.81, - 0.16), total fat (- 6.9 g/d; - 11.9, - 1.8), saturated fat (- 3.3 g/d; - 5.4, - 1.1), and significantly greater mean increases in fibre density (0.30 g/MJ; 0.15, 0.44) at 6 months than the SC group (n = 239). Similar differences persisted at 12 months and the CP group showed greater mean increases in protein density (0.65 g/MJ). In both groups, weight loss was associated with increased fibre density (0.68 kg per g/MJ, 95% CI: 0.08, 1.27) and protein density (0.26 kg per g/MJ, 95% CI: 0.10, 0.41). CONCLUSIONS: Following a group-based commercial program led to greater improvements in diet quality than standard care. Increases in dietary protein and fibre density were independently associated with weight loss in both behavioural weight loss interventions. Greater increases in protein and fibre density in the commercial program likely contributed to their greater weight loss. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ISRCTN: ISRCTN85485463 Registered 03/08/2007 Retrospectively Registered.


Asunto(s)
Sobrepeso/terapia , Atención Primaria de Salud , Programas de Reducción de Peso , Adulto , Australia , Terapia Conductista , Índice de Masa Corporal , Dieta Reductora , Fibras de la Dieta/administración & dosificación , Proteínas en la Dieta/administración & dosificación , Ingestión de Energía , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Reino Unido , Pérdida de Peso
5.
Contemp Clin Trials ; 137: 107421, 2024 02.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38145712

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Diabetes prevention trials require large samples and community-based recruitment, which can be protracted and expensive. We analysed the cost-effectiveness of recruitment strategies used in a randomised placebo-controlled supplement trial in adults with prediabetes and overweight or obesity conducted in Sydney, Australia. METHODS: Recruitment strategies included advertising through local radio stations and newspapers, television news coverage, online advertising and editorials, advertising in and referral from primary care settings, university- and hospital-based advertising, and attending or hosting local events. For each strategy, the number of expressions of interest, screenings booked, and randomised participants were collated. The percentage contribution from each strategy, overall cost, and cost per participant were calculated. RESULTS: Of 4498 expressions of interest, 551 (12%) were eligible for onsite screening and 401 (9%) were randomised. Recruitment costs totalled AU$218,501, averaging AU$545 per participant. The recruitment strategy was recorded for 49% who expressed interest in the trial, and for 75% randomised into the trial. From these data, advertising on local radio stations was the most cost-effective strategy, contributing 46% of participants at AU$286 per participant, then advertising in and referral from primary care settings (57 participants [19%], AU$1438 per participant). The least cost-effective strategy was television news coverage, which was not targeted to the Sydney-based audience, contributing only six participants (AU$10,000 per participant). CONCLUSION: Radio advertising and recruitment through healthcare were the most effective recruitment strategies in this trial. Recruitment strategies should be location-specific and appropriate for the target population, prioritising low-effort high-yield strategies. Trial investigators should seek opportunities for free advertising.


Asunto(s)
Análisis de Costo-Efectividad , Diabetes Mellitus , Adulto , Humanos , Selección de Paciente , Proyectos de Investigación , Australia , Análisis Costo-Beneficio
6.
Clin Obes ; 13(5): e12604, 2023 Oct.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37248784

RESUMEN

Males are under-represented in weight loss clinical trials, usually comprising fewer than one-quarter of participants. Our study aimed to investigate people's motivations for participating in weight loss trials and determine any relationship with gender. Eighty individuals from an existing registry for weight loss trials were contacted, of whom 24 (9 males, 15 females) agreed to participate in a 20-min semi-structured interview around their expectations and motivations for volunteering. Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed in Zoom. A transcript of each interview was uploaded into NVivo for preliminary thematic analysis. Improved health was a common motivation for pursuing weight loss in all subjects regardless of gender. Male recruitment to weight loss trials was often influenced by advice from a healthcare professional to lose weight for the prevention of obesity-related comorbidities, whereas family and aesthetic expectations (e.g., clothes and fashion) were key elements of female participation. Identification of gender differences in motivations for volunteering in weight loss trials will help improve tailoring of recruitment strategies and interventions to enhance male participation in the future.


Asunto(s)
Motivación , Pérdida de Peso , Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Investigación Cualitativa , Obesidad/terapia
7.
Can J Diabetes ; 47(7): 571-578, 2023 Oct.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37187439

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVES: In this work, we present an exploratory within-trial analysis of the changing prevalence of prediabetes in response to nutrition and lifestyle counselling provided as part of a randomized placebo-controlled supplement trial with follow-up. We aimed to identify factors associated with changing glycemia status. METHODS: Participants (n=401) in this clinical trial were adults with a body mass index (BMI) of ≥25 kg/m2 and prediabetes (defined by the American Diabetes Association as a fasting plasma glucose [FPG] of 5.6 to 6.9 mmol/L or a glycated hemoglobin [A1C] of 5.7% to 6.4%) within 6 months before trial entry. The trial consisted of a 6-month randomized intervention with 2 dietary supplements and/or placebo. At the same time, all participants received nutrition and lifestyle counselling. This was followed by a 6-month follow-up. Glycemia status was assessed at baseline and at 6 and 12 months. RESULTS: At baseline, 226 participants (56%) met a threshold for prediabetes, including 167 (42%) with elevated FPG and 155 (39%) with elevated A1C. After the 6-month intervention, the prevalence of prediabetes decreased to 46%, driven by a reduction in prevalence of elevated FPG to 29%. The prevalence of prediabetes then increased to 51% after follow-up. Risk of prediabetes was associated with older age (odds ratio [OR], 1.05; p<0.01), BMI (OR, 1.06; p<0.05), and male sex (OR, 1.81; p=0.01). Participants who reverted to normoglycemia had greater weight loss and lower baseline glycemia. CONCLUSIONS: Glycemia status can fluctuate over time and improvements can be gained from lifestyle interventions, with certain factors associated with a higher likelihood of reverting to normoglycemia.


Asunto(s)
Estado Prediabético , Adulto , Humanos , Masculino , Estado Prediabético/epidemiología , Estado Prediabético/terapia , Hemoglobina Glucada , Estudios de Seguimiento , Glucemia , Suplementos Dietéticos , Estilo de Vida , Consejo
8.
Lancet ; 378(9801): 1485-92, 2011 Oct 22.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21906798

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: The increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity needs effective approaches for weight loss in primary care and community settings. We compared weight loss with standard treatment in primary care with that achieved after referral by the primary care team to a commercial provider in the community. METHODS: In this parallel group, non-blinded, randomised controlled trial, 772 overweight and obese adults were recruited by primary care practices in Australia, Germany, and the UK. Participants were randomly assigned with a computer-generated simple randomisation sequence to receive either 12 months of standard care as defined by national treatment guidelines, or 12 months of free membership to a commercial programme (Weight Watchers), and followed up for 12 months. The primary outcome was weight change over 12 months. Analysis was by intention to treat (last observation carried forward [LOCF] and baseline observation carried forward [BOCF]) and in the population who completed the 12-month assessment. This trial is registered, number ISRCTN85485463. FINDINGS: 377 participants were assigned to the commercial programme, of whom 230 (61%) completed the 12-month assessment; and 395 were assigned to standard care, of whom 214 (54%) completed the 12-month assessment. In all analyses, participants in the commercial programme group lost twice as much weight as did those in the standard care group. Mean weight change at 12 months was -5·06 kg (SE 0·31) for those in the commercial programme versus -2·25 kg (0·21) for those receiving standard care (adjusted difference -2·77 kg, 95% CI -3·50 to -2·03) with LOCF; -4·06 kg (0·31) versus -1·77 kg (0·19; adjusted difference -2·29 kg, -2·99 to -1·58) with BOCF; and -6·65 kg (0·43) versus -3·26 kg (0·33; adjusted difference -3·16 kg, -4·23 to -2·11) for those who completed the 12-month assessment. Participants reported no adverse events related to trial participation. INTERPRETATION: Referral by a primary health-care professional to a commercial weight loss programme that provides regular weighing, advice about diet and physical activity, motivation, and group support can offer a clinically useful early intervention for weight management in overweight and obese people that can be delivered at large scale. FUNDING: Weight Watchers International, through a grant to the UK Medical Research Council.


Asunto(s)
Comercio , Obesidad/terapia , Sobrepeso/terapia , Derivación y Consulta , Pérdida de Peso , Adiposidad , Glucemia/análisis , Presión Sanguínea , Peso Corporal , Femenino , Humanos , Insulina/sangre , Lípidos/sangre , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Atención Primaria de Salud , Circunferencia de la Cintura
10.
Cell Rep ; 38(2): 110239, 2022 01 11.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35021078

RESUMEN

Gut microbiome is of major interest due to its close relationship to health and disease. Bacteria usually vary in gene content, leading to functional variations within species, so resolution higher than species-level methods is needed for ecological and clinical relevance. We design a protocol to identify strains in selected species with high discrimination and in high numbers by amplicon sequencing of the flagellin gene. We apply the protocol to fecal samples from a human diet trial, targeting Escherichia coli. Across the 119 samples from 16 individuals, there are 1,532 amplicon sequence variants (ASVs), but only 32 ASVs are dominant in one or more fecal samples, despite frequent dominant strain turnover. Major strains in an intestine are found to be commonly accompanied by a large number of satellite cells, and many are identified as potential extraintestinal pathogens. The protocol could be used to track epidemics or investigate the intra- or inter-host diversity of pathogens.


Asunto(s)
Escherichia coli/metabolismo , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/genética , Transcriptoma/genética , Adulto , ADN Bacteriano/genética , Escherichia coli/genética , Proteínas de Escherichia coli/metabolismo , Heces/microbiología , Femenino , Flagelina/genética , Flagelina/metabolismo , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/fisiología , Expresión Génica/genética , Variación Genética/genética , Secuenciación de Nucleótidos de Alto Rendimiento/métodos , Humanos , Intestinos , Masculino , Microbiota/genética , Persona de Mediana Edad , Filogenia , ARN Ribosómico 16S/genética , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN/métodos
11.
JAMA Netw Open ; 3(11): e2023491, 2020 11 02.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33201232

RESUMEN

Importance: Effective strategies for preventing type 2 diabetes are needed. Many people turn to complementary medicines, but there is little well-conducted scientific evidence to support their use. Objective: To assess the efficacy of α-cyclodextrin for cholesterol control and that of hydrolyzed ginseng for glycemic control in people with prediabetes and overweight or obesity. Design, Setting, and Participants: This 6-month double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial, with a 2 × 2 factorial design, was conducted between July 2015 and October 2018 at 2 locations in Sydney, Australia. Eligible participants were aged 18 years or older, had a body mass index (weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared) of 25 or higher, and had prediabetes within 6 months of study entry according to the American Diabetes Association guidelines. Data analysis was performed from May to August 2019. Interventions: Participants were randomized to 1 of 4 groups to take active or placebo versions of each supplement (α-cyclodextrin plus hydrolyzed ginseng, α-cyclodextrin plus placebo, placebo plus hydrolyzed ginseng, or placebo plus placebo) for 6 months. All participants received dietetic advice for weight loss. Main Outcomes and Measures: The primary outcomes were the differences in total cholesterol and fasting plasma glucose between groups after 6 months. The primary analysis used the intention-to-treat principle. Multiple predetermined subsample analyses were conducted. Results: A total of 401 participants were eligible for the study (248 women [62%]; mean [SD] age, 53.5 [10.2] years; mean [SD] body mass index, 34.6 [6.2]). One hundred one patients were randomized to receive α-cyclodextrin plus hydrolyzed ginseng, 99 were randomized to receive α-cyclodextrin plus placebo, 101 were randomized to receive placebo plus hydrolyzed ginseng, and 100 were randomized to receive placebo plus placebo. For 200 participants taking α-cyclodextrin compared with 201 participants taking placebo, there was no difference in total cholesterol after 6 months (-1.5 mg/dL; 95% CI, -6.6 to 3.5 mg/dL; P = .51). For 202 participants taking hydrolyzed ginseng compared with 199 participants taking placebo, there was no difference in fasting plasma glucose after 6 months (0.0 mg/dL; 95% CI, -1.6 to 1.8 mg/dL; P = .95). Use of α-cyclodextrin was associated with constipation (16 participants vs 4 participants; P = .006) and cough (8 participants vs 1 participant; P = .02). Use of hydrolyzed ginseng was associated with rash and pruritus (13 participants vs 2 participants; P = .006). Only 37 of 401 participants (9.2%) experienced these adverse events. Conclusions and Relevance: Although they are safe for use, there was no benefit found for either α-cyclodextrin for cholesterol control or hydrolyzed ginseng for glycemic control in people with prediabetes and overweight or obesity. Trial Registration: Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry Identifier: ACTRN12614001302640.


Asunto(s)
Glucemia/efectos de los fármacos , HDL-Colesterol/efectos de los fármacos , LDL-Colesterol/efectos de los fármacos , Panax , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , alfa-Ciclodextrinas/farmacología , Adulto , Terapias Complementarias , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/prevención & control , Método Doble Ciego , Femenino , Control Glucémico/métodos , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Extractos Vegetales/uso terapéutico , Estado Prediabético/metabolismo , alfa-Ciclodextrinas/uso terapéutico
12.
Clin Obes ; 9(4): e12324, 2019 Aug.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31172667

RESUMEN

The prevalence of pre-diabetes and of type 2 diabetes mellitus is increasing. Preventing disease progression is important to improve outcomes. Natural products are becoming popular alternatives to pharmaceutical products for preventative health and treatment of disease; however, the evidence to support the use of natural alternatives for pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes is lacking. Two such natural medicines include alpha-cyclodextrin (marketed as FBCx), a fibre derived from corn starch that has been found to bind triglycerides in the intestines to prevent its absorption, aiding weight maintenance and lipid control, and hydrolysed ginseng extract (marketed as GINST15), a formula containing high amounts of Compound K, a metabolite of ginsenosides thought to be an active ingredient contributing to the anti-hyperglycaemic effects of ginseng. This paper describes the rationale and design of a 12-month randomized controlled trial to investigate the metabolic effects of these two products in people with pre-diabetes and overweight or obesity. A total of 400 participants will be randomized to one of four groups (FBCx + GINST15, FBCx + placebo, placebo + GINST15, placebo + placebo) for 6 months, followed by 6 months of follow-up. Participants will also receive lifestyle advice for healthy eating and weight loss. Data collected during the trial will include weight, waist circumference, body composition and blood pressure. Blood samples will also be collected to measure lipid profile and glycaemia. If the products are found to improve lipid and glucose levels, it will provide evidence for their use in people with pre-diabetes to help reduce the risk of progression to type 2 diabetes.


Asunto(s)
Colesterol/metabolismo , Ginsenósidos/administración & dosificación , Estado Prediabético/tratamiento farmacológico , alfa-Ciclodextrinas/administración & dosificación , Adulto , Glucemia/metabolismo , Peso Corporal/efectos de los fármacos , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/prevención & control , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Obesidad/dietoterapia , Obesidad/metabolismo , Sobrepeso/tratamiento farmacológico , Sobrepeso/metabolismo , Estado Prediabético/metabolismo , Triglicéridos/metabolismo
13.
Complement Ther Med ; 36: 100-106, 2018 Feb.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29458914

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine whether the use of complementary medicine (CM) is associated with body satisfaction and weight management methods in Australian women. METHODS: Women aged 34-39 years from the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health were surveyed regarding satisfaction with their body weight and shape, and the use of weight management methods. Associations with CM use were analysed using logistic regression modelling. RESULTS: Women using CM less likely wanted to lose weight; and were more likely to cut down on fats and/or sugars, use low glycaemic diets, diet books and 'other' methods (OR: 1.33-2.83) compared to CM non-users. Women using herbal medicine products 'sometimes' were more likely to use meal replacements/slimming products (OR: 1.50-1.67) compared to non-users. DISCUSSION: Australian women using CM are more likely to be satisfied with their body weight and shape, and to use a range of weight management approaches compared to CM non-users.


Asunto(s)
Imagen Corporal/psicología , Terapias Complementarias , Obesidad/epidemiología , Satisfacción Personal , Programas de Reducción de Peso , Adulto , Australia , Peso Corporal , Terapias Complementarias/estadística & datos numéricos , Femenino , Humanos , Estudios Longitudinales , Obesidad/terapia , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Programas de Reducción de Peso/estadística & datos numéricos
14.
Am J Clin Nutr ; 107(6): 921-931, 2018 06 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29741558

RESUMEN

Background: Some country guidelines recommend that people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) limit their consumption of eggs and cholesterol. Our previously published 3-mo weight-maintenance study showed that a high-egg (≥12 eggs/wk) diet compared with a low-egg diet (<2 eggs/wk) did not have adverse effects on cardiometabolic risk factors in adults with T2D. Objective: The current study follows the previously published 3-mo weight-maintenance study and assessed the effects of the high-egg compared with the low-egg diets as part of a 3-mo weight-loss period, followed by a 6-mo follow-up period for a total duration of 12 mo. Design: Participants with prediabetes or T2D (n = 128) were prescribed a 3-mo daily energy restriction of 2.1 MJ and a macronutrient-matched diet and instructed on specific types and quantities of foods to be consumed, with an emphasis on replacing saturated fats with monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats. Participants were followed up at the 9- and 12-mo visits. Results: From 3 to 12 mo, the weight loss was similar (high-egg compared with low-egg diets: -3.1 ± 6.3 compared with -3.1 ± 5.2 kg; P = 0.48). There were no differences between groups in glycemia (plasma glucose, glycated hemoglobin, 1,5-anhydroglucitol), traditional serum lipids, markers of inflammation (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, interleukin 6, soluble E-selectin), oxidative stress (F2-isoprostanes), or adiponectin from 3 to 12 mo or from 0 to 12 mo. Conclusions: People with prediabetes or T2D who consumed a 3-mo high-egg weight-loss diet with a 6-mo follow-up exhibited no adverse changes in cardiometabolic markers compared with those who consumed a low-egg weight-loss diet. A healthy diet based on population guidelines and including more eggs than currently recommended by some countries may be safely consumed. This trial is registered at http://www.anzctr.org.au/ as ACTRN12612001266853.


Asunto(s)
Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/dietoterapia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/dietoterapia , Dieta Reductora , Huevos , Pérdida de Peso , Anciano , Glucemia , Proteína C-Reactiva/metabolismo , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/prevención & control , F2-Isoprostanos/sangre , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Cardiopatías/dietoterapia , Humanos , Interleucina-6/sangre , Interleucina-6/metabolismo , Lípidos/sangre , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Obesidad/sangre , Obesidad/dietoterapia , Factores de Riesgo , Selectinas/sangre , Resultado del Tratamiento
15.
Nutrition ; 34: 58-64, 2017 Feb.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28063513

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVES: To analyze whether yoga or meditation use is associated with body (dis)satisfaction and weight control methods in Australian women. METHODS: Women ages 34 to 39 y from the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health were surveyed regarding body satisfaction, weight control behaviors, and yoga and meditation practice. Associations of body satisfaction and weight control methods with yoga/meditation practice were analyzed using chi-squared tests and multiple logistic regression modelling. RESULTS: Of the 8009 women, 49% were overweight or obese. Sixty-five percent of women with normal body mass index (BMI) and approximately 95% of women with overweight/obesity wanted to lose weight. At least one in four women with normal BMI was dissatisfied with body weight and shape, as were more than two in three women with overweight/obesity. The most common weight control methods included exercising (82.7%), cutting down meal sizes (76.8%), and cutting down sugars or fats (71.9%). Yoga/meditation was practiced frequently by 688 women (8.6%) and occasionally by 1176 women (14.7%). Yoga/meditation users with normal BMI were less likely dissatisfied with body weight and shape. All yoga/meditation users more likely exercised and followed a low glycemic diet or diet books; and women with obesity occasionally using yoga/meditation also more likely used fasting or smoking to lose weight. CONCLUSION: Yoga/meditation users with normal BMI appear to be more satisfied with their body weight and shape than non-yoga/meditation users. While women with normal BMI or overweight tend to rely on healthy weight control methods, women with obesity occasional using yoga/meditation may more likely utilize unhealthy weight control methods.


Asunto(s)
Imagen Corporal , Mantenimiento del Peso Corporal , Meditación , Satisfacción Personal , Yoga , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Australia , Índice de Masa Corporal , Peso Corporal , Estudios Transversales , Dieta , Ejercicio Físico , Femenino , Humanos , Modelos Logísticos , Estudios Longitudinales , Persona de Mediana Edad , Obesidad/terapia , Sobrepeso/terapia , Adulto Joven
16.
Obes Res Clin Pract ; 11(1): 88-96, 2017.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27050109

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: Identifying individuals who are less likely to respond to a weight loss intervention allows better allocation or focus of resources to achieve better weight loss results. The current study investigated whether baseline levels of mindfulness would predict weight loss during a 12-month diet and exercise intervention. METHODS: The Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ) was administered and body weight measured, at baseline, three, six and 12 months in 140 participants with pre-diabetes or type 2 diabetes mellitus and a body mass index of ≥25kg/m2. 137 of 140 participants completed the FFMQ at baseline and were included in this study. RESULTS: There was no correlation between baseline mindfulness scores and weight loss. Mean baseline total FFMQ score was 112.2 [95% confidence interval: 109.4, 115.1] which did not change over the course of the study. Mean baseline body weight was 95.1kg (standard deviation (19.1kg)). There was a significant decrease in weight at month 12 (-3.8kg (±standard deviation 5.8kg)). This is comparable to the weight loss achieved by participants in other interventions of the same duration. CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that baseline dispositional mindfulness does not predict the amount of weight loss in a lifestyle (diet and exercise) intervention.


Asunto(s)
Índice de Masa Corporal , Dieta , Ejercicio Físico , Atención Plena , Obesidad/psicología , Pérdida de Peso , Programas de Reducción de Peso , Anciano , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/complicaciones , Conducta Alimentaria , Femenino , Humanos , Estilo de Vida , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Obesidad/terapia , Estado Prediabético/complicaciones , Encuestas y Cuestionarios
17.
Obes Res Clin Pract ; 11(6): 647-654, 2017.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28420588

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Paper-based estimated food diaries are often used in research to collect dietary data, despite this method being burdensome for both participants and researchers. Such food diaries are often time consuming, labour intensive, and rely on participant literacy and therefore may lead to greater rates of under-reporting. METHODS: This study assessed the validity of the 'Boden Food Plate', a novel web-based electronic application, compared to a paper-based three-day estimated food diary. Participants were also asked to rate their satisfaction with the new electronic diary. Sixty-seven participants with overweight or obesity completed both the electronic and paper-based diaries at two different time-points. RESULTS: Baseline BMI of participants (mean±standard deviation (SD)) was 30.4±2.9kg/m2, body weight was 87.6±13.4kg, and age was 42.3±7.7years. Fifty four percent (n=41) of the cohort were female. Bland Altman plots for total energy, and percentage of total energy intake from fat, carbohydrate, and protein, indicated wide limits of agreement between the two methods of dietary data collection, and in some analyses there were a few cases that did not lie within the 95% confidence intervals. Approximately 70% of participants rated the electronic food diary as easier to use and more fun when compared to the traditional paper-based estimated food diary. CONCLUSION: Innovative and visual dietary collection applications such as the 'Boden Food Plate' provide an enjoyable and interactive means of measuring nutritional intake in a time efficient manner. Further validation studies incorporating micronutrient analysis and to improve the applications validity are warranted.


Asunto(s)
Peso Corporal/fisiología , Registros de Dieta , Dieta , Ingestión de Alimentos/fisiología , Ingestión de Energía/fisiología , Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Evaluación Nutricional , Estado Nutricional , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Autoinforme
19.
Obes Res Clin Pract ; 10(4): 487-91, 2016.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27312533

RESUMEN

A female patient (49 years of age) with obesity (body mass index: 35.3kg/m(2)) and diagnosed with pre-diabetes presented to the clinic of one of the authors (RC) with recent weight gain (approximately 10kg) over the preceding 12 months, despite several unsuccessful attempts at weight loss. She reported being short of breath performing light activities and feeling fatigued the majority of the time. Treatment consisted of a run in period of five weeks following the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) diet, followed by four weeks of the CSIRO diet plus intermittent hypoxic training (IHT) using the GO2(®) altitude training device. Anthropometric measures, bloods and questionnaires were completed before treatment (week 0), end of diet phase (week 5), and end of diet plus IHT phase (week 9). At the end of week five, the patient had lost some weight and had an improvement in glycaemic control. However, there was a clinically greater improvement in weight loss and glycaemic control from week five to nine following the IHT, resulting in remission from pre-diabetes. This case study shows that incorporation of IHT has benefits existing beyond a standard dietary approach, helping to achieve remission from pre-diabetes back to a normal fasting glucose state.


Asunto(s)
Ejercicio Físico , Oxígeno/administración & dosificación , Estado Prediabético/terapia , Altitud , Glucemia/metabolismo , Índice de Masa Corporal , Dieta Reductora , Femenino , Humanos , Hipoxia , Persona de Mediana Edad , Obesidad/terapia , Estado Prediabético/dietoterapia , Inducción de Remisión , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Pérdida de Peso
20.
Nutrients ; 7(9): 7399-420, 2015 Sep 03.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26404366

RESUMEN

The guidelines for dietary cholesterol and/or egg intake for both the general population and those at higher risk of cardiovascular disease (for example, people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)) differ between countries, and even for different specialist societies in a country. The disparity between these guidelines is at least in part related to the conflicting evidence as to the effects of eggs in the general population and in those with T2DM. This review addresses the effect of eggs on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk from both epidemiological research and controlled prospective studies, in people with and without cardio-metabolic disease. It also examines the nutritional qualities of eggs and whether they may offer protection against chronic disease. The evidence suggests that a diet including more eggs than is recommended (at least in some countries) may be used safely as part of a healthy diet in both the general population and for those at high risk of cardiovascular disease, those with established coronary heart disease, and those with T2DM. In conclusion, an approach focused on a person's entire dietary intake as opposed to specific foods or nutrients should be the heart of population nutrition guidelines.


Asunto(s)
Colesterol en la Dieta/administración & dosificación , Dieta , Huevos , Conducta Alimentaria , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/diagnóstico , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/dietoterapia , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/epidemiología , Colesterol en la Dieta/efectos adversos , Colesterol en la Dieta/metabolismo , Colesterol en la Dieta/normas , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/diagnóstico , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/dietoterapia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/epidemiología , Dieta/efectos adversos , Dieta/normas , Huevos/efectos adversos , Huevos/normas , Humanos , Valor Nutritivo , Guías de Práctica Clínica como Asunto , Ingesta Diaria Recomendada , Medición de Riesgo , Factores de Riesgo
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