The Shapes and Normal Dimensions of the Sella Turcica.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the normal dimensions and shape of the sella turcica (ST) in the Turkish population using multidetector computed tomography. METHODS: This single-center, retrospective study included 188 patients who met the study criteria and had paranasal multidetector computed tomography taken between January 2019 and December 2019. The patients included in the study comprised 77 females and 111 males. The whole patient group was separated into 3 age groups of 18 to 25 years (group 1), 25 to 40 years (group 2), and 40 years and over (group 3). They were also separated according to gender. RESULTS: The mean length of the ST was determined as 8.52 ±â€Š1.42 mm (min-max 4.61-12.73 mm), mean height as 7.00 ±â€Š1.31 mm (min-max 3.00-10.51 mm), mean aperture as 6.50 ±â€Š2.00 mm (min-max 2.24-12.51 mm), and mean width as 11.01 ±â€Š1.50 mm (min-max 7.78-14.94 mm). No statistically significant difference was determined between the length, height, width, and aperture size values of the ST according to gender and age groups. CONCLUSION: The results of this study demonstrated no significant difference in ST dimensions according to gender or age groups. It can be considered that the shape and dimensions of the ST can be more accurately evaluated with computed tomography and classification can be more robustly applied.

Evaluation of olfactory bulbus volume and olfactory sulcus depth by 3 T MR.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate olfactory bulbus volume (OBV) and olfactory sulcus depth (OSD) according to age and sex with 3 T MRI in a healthy Turkish population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In the current study, 200 patients who had cranial MRI were retrospectively evaluated. They were divided into the following groups to examine the effects of age: group 1: 18-30 years old; group 2: 31-40 years old; group 3: 41-50 years old; group 4: 51-60 years old; and group 5: >60 years old. OBV and OSD measurements were performed on coronal T2-weighted brain MR images. The mean right and left olfactory bulb volume and sulcus depths were used for evaluation. RESULTS: The mean age was 46.5 ± 18.1 (range 18-86) years. The mean OBV value of both sides was 91.17 ± 7.8 mm 3 in all patients. The mean OSD value of both sides was 8.62 ± 0.84 mm in all patients. There was no statistically significant difference in OBV and OSD between sexes (P < 0.236; P < 0.482). Group 5 (>60 years old) was found to have significantly lower OBV and OSD values than the other groups (all P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The normal values of OBV and OSD should be established according to age to determine decreased OBV and OSD values.

Comparison of kidney densities of cases with urinary dilatation in unenhanced CT scan.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to investigate the diagnostic value of renal parenchymal density differences in distinguishing between acute and chronic urinary dilatations. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospectively, unenhanced CTs of 98 patients were evaluated. Thirty-three had acute urinary obstruction, and 33 had chronic urinary obstruction. Parenchymal density values (HU) and renal pelvic anterior-posterior (AP) diameters of all groups were evaluated by two different radiologists who were unaware of each other and the content of the study. The t-test was used to compare parenchymal densities and renal pelvic diameter differences with normal, acute urinary dilation and chronic urinary dilation groups. RESULTS: Of the 98 cases who were included in the study, 33 people were in the acute obstruction group (7 females, 26 males), and 33 were in the chronic obstruction group. However, the second observer (observer 2) found a statistically significant difference (p < 0.01) during the measurements of density between the obstructed and normal sides. While for the first observer (observer 1), the correlation between right and left renal density measurements of the normal cases was moderate at 0.576; correlation of measurements done by the second observer was found to be high at 0.777. CONCLUSIONS: Pale kidney findings seems to be helpful in diagnosis of acute urinary occlusion, but different results are obtained with evaluations made by different observers. Moreover, it is not a specific finding because oedema can also be seen in some other conditions, such as acute pyelonephritis; for this reason, one must be careful during the evaluation of this finding.

A Comparison Between Rome III and Rome IV Criteria in Children with Chronic Abdominal Pain: A Prospective Observational Cohort Study.

BACKGROUND: The Rome IV includes a redefinition of functional gastrointestinal disorders and diagnostic criteria. The present study aimed to compare the Rome III and Rome IV classification results and to reveal their differences in children with chronic abdominal pain. METHODS: The present study is a prospective observational cohort study. Three hundred forty-four children, who were admitted to the pediatric gastroenterology clinic, had abdominal pain for more than 2 months, and were not diagnosed with an organic disease, were included in our study. RESULTS: In children with chronic abdominal pain, Rome IV criteria did not cause a change in the number of patients diagnosed with functional abdominal pain disorders according to Rome III (89.8% vs 89.2%, P >.05). Functional abdominal pain and functional abdominal pain syndrome were the most common diagnoses in Rome III and functional abdominal pain, not otherwise specified in Rome IV. When compared to Rome III, while the diagnosis of functional dyspepsia increased in Rome IV, irritable bowel syndrome decreased. CONCLUSION: In children with chronic abdominal pain, Rome IV criteria did not cause a change in the number of patients diagnosed with functional abdominal pain disorders according to Rome III, but it caused a diagnostic shift. It was seen that some of the children diagnosed with irritable bowel syndrome in Rome III shifted to functional dyspepsia diagnosis in Rome IV.

Osteochondroma as a Cause of Ischiofemoral Impingement - First Case Series.

Ischiofemoral impingement (ISFI)is the compression of the quadratus femoris muscle resulting from the narrowed distance between the lesser trochanter and the ischial bone. Congenital factors (such as developmental hip dysplasia), positional conditions (such as femoral anteversion), intertrochanteric fractures, osteotomy, and osteoarthritis may lead to the superior and medial displacement of the femur which is causing the ISFI. According to the literature, osteochondroma (OC) is not described among the main etiological factors of ISFI. There is only one case report about the relationship between ISFI and OC. We present two ISFI cases due to OC accompanied by radiological findings. Our patients are 19 and 32 years old. Our article is the first case series on this topic.

Changes in olfactory bulbus volume and olfactory sulcus depth in the chronic period after COVID-19 infection.

BACKGROUND: Although there are a limited number of studies investigating the changes in olfactory bulb volume (OBV) and olfactory sulcus depth (OSD) values in the acute and subacute periods after COVID-19 infection, there are no studies conducted in the chronic period. PURPOSE: The aim of this study is to reveal the changes in OBV and OSD after COVID-19 in the chronic period. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 83 people were included in our study, including 42 normal healthy individuals (control group) and 41 patients with COVID-19 infection (10-12 months after infection). RESULTS: The COVID-19 group included 41 patients with the mean age 40.27 ± 14.5 years and the control group included 42 individuals with the mean age 40.27 ± 14.4. The mean OBV was 67.97 ± 14.27 mm3 in the COVID-19 group and 94.21 ± 7.56 mm3 in the control group. The mean OSD was 7.98 ± 0.37 mm in the COVID-19 group and 8.82 ± 0.74 mm in the control group. Left, right, and mean OBVs and OSD were significantly lower in patients with COVID- 19 than the control individuals (all p < .05). CONCLUSION: Our findings show that COVID-19 infection causes a significant decrease in the OBV and OSD measurements in the chronic period.

Combined Endovascular Treatment with Distal Radial Artery Coil Embolization and Angioplasty in Steal Syndrome Associated with Forearm Dialysis Fistula.

PURPOSE: The present study was performed to define the results of the endovascular treatment with angioplasty and distal radial artery embolization in ischemic steal syndrome associated with forearm arteriovenous accesses. METHOD: The cases referred to our interventional radiology unit with symptoms and physical examination findings suggestive of ischemic steal syndrome were retrospectively evaluated first by Doppler ultrasonography, and then by angiography. Cases with proximal artery stenosis were applied angioplasty, and those with steal syndrome underwent coil embolization to distal radial artery. RESULTS: Of 589 patients who underwent endovascular intervention for dialysis arteriovenous fistulae (AVF)-associated problems, 6 (1.01 %) (5 female, 1 males; mean age 62 (range 41-78) with forearm fistula underwent combined endovascular treatment for steal syndrome. In addition to steal phenomenon, there were stenosis and/or occlusion in proximal radial and/or ulnar artery in 6 patients concurrently. Embolization of distal radial artery and angioplasty to proximal arterial stenoses were performed in all patients. Ischemic symptoms were eliminated in all patients and the AVF were in use at the time of study. In one patient, ischemic symptoms recurring 6 months later were alleviated by repeat angioplasty of ulnar artery. CONCLUSION: In palmar arch steal syndrome affecting forearm fistulae, combined distal radial embolization and angioplasty is also an effective treatment method in the presence of proximal radial and ulnar arterial stenoses and occlusions.

Radiologic and cytologic findings in a case of thyrolipoma.

Thyrolipomas are rare capsulated mass lesions containing fat and thyroid tissue. We herein report the case of a 60-year-old man who had goitre for 10 years, with rapid enlargement of the gland during the last several months before presentation. Sonography, scintigraphy, CT, MR imaging, and sonography-guided fine needle aspiration were performed. Sonography and scintigraphy revealed an unusual mass of the thyroid. The diagnosis of thyrolipoma was based on CT and MR imaging findings and fine needle aspiration cytology.