Hyaluronic acid injection to restore the lost interproximal papilla: a systematic review.

OBJECTIVES: To assess the efficacy and safety of hyaluronic acid (HA) injections to restore the lost interproximal papilla. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus and Cochrane electronic databases with no time restriction up to September 2021. Any clinical study evaluating HA injection into the interproximal papilla loss Class I and II according to Norland & Tarnow, were included based on the following PICO questions (1) Are HA injections effective for the reconstruction of the interproximal papilla loss? (2) What are the side/adverse effects of using HA for the reconstruction of interproximal papilla loss? The risk of bias assessment was performed using the Cochrane Collaboration's the Newcastle Ottawa and Joanna Briggs institute tools. RESULTS: A total of 1497 titles were retrieved. From these, eleven were included and underwent full data extraction. However, due to heterogeneity in the data among the included articles, a meta-analysis could not be performed. Three articles reported no-differences in term of papilla tip to contact point distance or the papilla fill reduction. Finally, five studies showed a reduction in the black triangle with a percentage range between 19 and 47%. CONCLUSION: The non-surgical use of HA injection seems to have a positive effect on the re-establishment of interproximal papilla lost. However post-operative complications might develop.

Assessment of position and bilateral symmetry of occurrence of mental foramen in dentate asian population.

INTRODUCTION: The mental foramen shares its significance in various fields of dentistry. Being a strategically eminent landmark, an understanding of the variation of its position is important Aim: To radiographically evaluate frequently occurring position of mental foramen and its distance with reference to the lower premolars and the lower border of mandible on standardized panoramic radiographs. METHODS: The inferior alveolar canal, upto the mental foramen, was traced over 300 orthopantomographs (OPGs) which were selected by using specific criteria. The mandibular plane and the long axis of the premolars were used as references to measure perpendicular distance of foramen. RESULTS: The most common position was found to be between the two premolars (63% cases), which scaled approximately 15.46mm above the lower border of the mandible, with an average proximity to the 2nd premolar (5.51mm) than the 1(st) premolar (8.21mm). This was followed by position behind the second premolar, which scored 20.67%. Both the foramina were noted in the same vertical plane of reference, and they showed bilateral occurrence of the most common position of the mental foramen, with respect to 45.67% cases. CONCLUSION: The most common location was reported to be between the two premolars, with a definite bilateral symmetry on both left and right sides. No gender preferences were observed. An average distance of 15mm from the lower border of the mandible was calculated.