Management of Pain and Anxiety during Bone Marrow Aspiration: An Italian National Survey.

BACKGROUND: Bone marrow aspiration (BMA) or biopsy is a necessary and frequent procedure for diagnosis and monitoring of hematological diseases. Pharmacological pain management approaches exist; however, previous experience and psychological preparation for BMA may impact pain perception. AIMS: This study aimed to explore current practices in procedural pain management for BMA or biopsy. DESIGN/SETTING/PARTICIPANTS: A cross-sectional internet-based survey was performed by the Nurses Group of the Italian Transplant Group (GITMO). Participants were nurses working in bone marrow transplant centers regularly performing BMA/biopsies. RESULTS: Sixty out of 94 centers receiving the survey responded (63.8%), 47 adult and 13 pediatric centers. The majority of them (75%) provided only verbal information for patient preparation before BMA. . Injected local anesthetics were used in 55.4% of centers, and combined with topical anesthetics in 33.9% of centers. Use of oral anesthetics was rare; however, anxiolytics and benzodiazepines were occasionally used (18.3%, 18.3% respectively). All pediatric centers used deep sedation for the procedure (p < .001), but drug choice depended on anesthetist preference. Ice packs (35.0%) and oral analgesia as required (40.0%) were used for postprocedural pain. Nurses perceived their patients' pain scores as relatively low (3.5 on scale 0-10), but recognized that it was a painful procedure provoking anxiety, and that pain management could be improved. CONCLUSIONS: Results revealed the lack of a standardized approach to procedural pain management for BMA in this study sample. Assessing a patient's pain experience is a key component to identifying effective pain management for BMA.

Predictive factors of sleep quality and burnout in nurses working in transplant units during the COVID-19 lockdown - A cross-sectional study.

Background: There is minimal information regarding sleep disturbance and burnout during COVID-19 in nurses working within haematology-oncology and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) settings.Aim: To identify socio-demographic and professional factors that predicted burnout and sleep disturbance during COVID-19 in nurses working in HSCT settings.Design/Methods: Data were collected using the Maslach Burnout Inventory and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Descriptive statistics and linear regression examined relationships.Results: 308 responses were received. Nurses working in outpatient settings had greater emotional exhaustion (Rpartial = -0.12, n = 308, p = 0.03). Negative predictors for quality of sleep were transplant programme setting (Rpartial = -0.19, n = 308, p < 0.01) and years working in HSCT (Rpartial = -0.17, n = 308, p < 0.01). Other relationships were found on univariate analysis.Conclusion: Institutions must offer programmes for nurses to develop sleep strategies, self-care, and work-related stress management.

Nurses' Physical and Psychological Symptoms During the first COVID-19 Lockdown in Italy: a Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study in Stem Cell Transplantation Setting.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Northern Italy was one of the first European territories to deal with the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak. Drastic emergency restrictions were introduced to contain the spread and limit pressure on healthcare facilities. However, nurses were at high risk of developing physical, mental, and working issues due to professional exposure. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate these issues among nurses working in Italian hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) centers during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: Data were collected online immediately after the first "lockdown" period in order to investigate the prevalence of physical issues, sleep disorders, and burnout symptoms and explore correlations with COVID-19 territorial incidence in Northern Italian regions versus Central and Southern Italian regions. RESULTS: Three hundred and eight nurses working in 61 Italian HSCT Units responded to the survey. Depression, cough, and fever were more frequently reported by nurses working in geographical areas less affected by the pandemic (p=0.0013, p<0.0001, and p=0.0005 respectively) as well as worst sleep quality (p=0.008). Moderate levels of emotional exhaustion (mean±SD -17.4±13.0), depersonalization (5.3±6.1), and personal accomplishment (33.2±10.7) were reported without significant differences between territories. CONCLUSIONS: different COVID-19 incidence among territories did not influence nurses' burden of symptoms in the HSCT setting. However, burnout and insomnia levels should be considered by health care facilities in order to improve preventive strategies.