Feeding Characteristics of Deep-Sea Acorn Worm (Hemichordata, Enteropneusta, Torquaratoridae) from the Bering Sea.

Deep-sea hemichordates Torquaratoridae gen. sp. reach high abundance up to 12 spec. m-2 at the depths of 1830-2130 m on the slope of the Volcanologists Massif in the south-western part of the Bering Sea, dominating in the benthic community at these depths. Their abundance exceeds by two orders the values recorded earlier. In order to clarify this phenomenon, we examined the gut contents of Torquaratoridae gen. sp. The detritus particles and frustules of planktonic diatoms Thalassiosira, Coscinodiscus, Actinocyclus, Chaetoceros, Neodenticula, and Grammatophora were the most common in the gut, as well as the remains of skeletons of benthic invertebrates with little admixture of mineral particles. According to obtained data, Torquaratoridae gen. sp. are mobile deposit feeders with high selectivity to fresh phytodetritus, able to compete with holothurians occupying similar trophic niche. Unusually high abundance of acorn worms is apparently related to high organic matter flux to the seafloor as a result of spring phytoplankton bloom in the surface water layer of the Bering Sea.

Discovery of Trunk Coelomoducts in Hemichordata.

Histological examination of a specimen of a deep-sea enteropneusts that belongs to a yet undescribed species (Torquaratoridae gen. sp.) revealed numerous trunk coelomoducts. They open into the genital wing coelom as a typical funnels; short ducts communicate with environment through pores located on the outer side of the genital wings. Total number of coelomoducts in a specimen is estimated at several thousand. Trunk coelomoducts have not been found earlier in any member of the phylum. We believe that the release of the male gonad products occurs through coelomoducts of Torquaratoridae gen. sp.

[Thrombectomy and plication of veins as a method of preventing pulmonary artery thromboembolism at a multidisciplinary surgical hospital].

The authors assessed efficacy and safety of the operation of plication of deep veins of lower extremities, pelvic veins, and the inferior vena cava as a method of preventing fatal pulmonary artery thromboembolism. A total of 48 patients were operated on. Of these, 23 patients belonged to traumatological-and-orthopaedical cohort, 3 to general surgical cohort, 4 to gynaecological, and 18 to vascular cohort (isolated deep vein thrombosis). The length of the floating head of the thrombus varied from 2 to 10 cm. The presence of a floating thrombus in traumatological, surgical and gynaecological patients, regardless of the length of the floating part was an absolute indication for thrombectomy and venous plication. Vascular patients were operated on in accordance with the National Guidelines (with the length of the thrombus floating portion of not less than 4 cm). In all cases, surgical management envisaged direct and indirect thrombectomy. Plication was always performed above the level of venotomy. It was shown that thrombectomy combined with plication of major veins is a reliable and safe method of prophylaxis, being in some cases the only possible method of preventing fatal pulmonary artery thromboembolism. The operation of plication makes it possible not to cancel a scheduled surgical intervention in patients with a detected floating thrombus of major veins. The operation of thrombectomy and plication above the level of the floating head of the thrombus may be considered an operation of choice in the conditions where there is no possibility to use endovascular methods of treatment (implantation of a cava filter, endovascular catheter thrombectomy), as well as in pregnant women. Restoration of the venous lumen occurs at safe terms spontaneously, not requiring repeat surgical intervention. Simultaneous plication of the vein does not complicate the course of the postoperative period of the main surgical intervention. Thrombectomy and plication do not lead to the development of severe chronic venous insufficiency.

List of macrobenthic species: Data from the siberian seas and the adjacent area of the deep-sea central arctic.

An annotated species list of all macrobenthic invertebrates inhabiting the Siberian sector of the Arctic Ocean is presented. The area considered includes the Kara, Laptev and East Siberian seas and the adjacent region of the deep-sea Central Arctic. Entries on species occurrences in the database are supported by corresponding references. Species of Polychaeta, Crustacea and Echinodermata in addition contain information on bathymetric distribution. Apart from published data, 12 taxa were identified in the area for the first time. In total 1574 macrobenthic species were recorded within the considered area. The most species rich was the Kara Sea with 1184 species. The Laptev and East Siberian seas and the Central Arctic showed lower species richness with correspondingly 1105, 780 and 268 species. The much smaller numbers of species in the East Siberian Sea and in the deep-sea Central Arctic can be related to taxonomic impoverishment or/and much smaller study effort in those regions.

[Structure and geography of hydrothermal communities in the Global ocean].

Hydrothermal vent communities in different regions have been explored using deep-sea manned submersibles "Pisces" and "Mir". Microdistribution of dominating animals has been studied by means of visual observations, photo and video analyses. In the present work, a generalized scheme of vent field zonation is proposed/based on microdistribution patterns of vent organisms in different regions. In disjunct biogeographic regions, established zones are marked by vicariating taxa and assemblages. Most previous biogeographic studies address the distribution of vent taxa. In our study we attempt to reveal general patterns of hydrothermal assemblages and communities distribution. Therefore we address the distribution of leading species dominating or codominating vent assemblages. According to the analysis, eight main biogeographic regions can be established in the Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian Oceans. Communities in disjunctive biogeographic regions are clearly distinguished, first of all, by the dominance of different taxa in the euthermal (near-went or "shimmering water") zone. The analysis of vertical distribution of leading vent species reveals the most significant changes in community composition at the depths of 400-600, 1000-1500 and 2700-3000 m. It is concluded that geographic and bathymetric distribution patterns of vent communities demonstrate good concurrence with global-scale geographic and vertical distribution patterns of "normal" non-vent fauna.

[Doppler echocardiography in evaluating the functional state of the myocardium in ischemic heart disease]. / Doppler-ékhokardiografiia v otsenke funktsional'nogo sostoianiia miokarda pri ishemicheskoi bolezni serdtsa.

An examination of 121 patients with ischemic heart disease (93 males and 28 females) of ages ranging from 41 to 62 years was made. Fifty-two patients had a history of myocardial infarction, 69 had angina pectoris. The results of Doppler-echocardiography were compared with tolerance to load in bicycle ergometry and with the findings of phasic systole analysis. It was established that the absolute rates of myocardial contraction and relaxation as well as the relative indices of ejection and relaxation decrease in accordance with a reduction in the tolerance to load. This is paralleled by mounting signs of myocardial hypodynamia disclosed by means of phasic systole analysis.

[Certain problems of study of cardiohemodynamics by the method of ultrasonic Doppler-echolocation]. / Nekotorye voprosy issledovaniia kardiogemodinamiki metodom ul'trazvukovoi Doppler-ekholokatsii

Results obtained in experiments on 10 adult mongrel dogs are offered. A synchronous registration of ultrasonic doppler-cardiograms (USDC) and of the intraventricular pressure continued throughout the experiment helped establish the relation between the pressure range in the left ventricle and the acceleration on the USDC curve. On the ground of the dependence thus obtained 2 indexes are proposed, viz. for an indirect evaluation of the intraventricular pressure (the index of "rated acceleration") and for appraising the contractability or the muyo cardium (the index of "relaxation from acceleration"). The available data might in the future provide for the possibility of devising appliances supplementing and replacing the catheterization.