Morphological and proliferative characteristics of vero and MDCK cells during culturing in nutrient media on the basis of hydrolysates of plant proteins.

Morphological and proliferative characteristics of cultured Vero and MDCK cells were compared after growth in nutrient media of the basis of enzymatic hydrolysates of rice flour proteins and soybean flour proteins or control media (DMEM and Axcevir-MDCK). These media had a strong stimulatory effect on the growth of cultured Vero cells (addition of 3% fetal bovine serum, Gibco), but did not modulate the morphology of this culture. Culturing of MDCK cells in nutrient media on the basis of enzymatic hydrolysates of rice and soybean flour proteins with low content of fetal bovine serum (2%, Gibco) was accompanied by insignificant changes in the index of proliferation and morphological characteristics of cultured cells.

[The morphology of the micro-capsulated polyacrylic acid-based formulation of measles vaccine].

The morphology and virus localization were studied in the microcapsulated measles vaccine formulation involving polyacrylic acid (PAA) copolymers as a matrix. Transmission electron microscopy and phosphotungsic staining at a pH value of 2 to 7 showed that the morphology of microparticles was related to the value of pH and to the concentration of a polymer in the matrix. In the neutral medium, the microcapsules had the sizes of 0.5 to 10 microm, which were optimal for transport through the intestinal wall when immunization was orally used. Immunocytochemistry revealed measles virus antigen within the microparticles. The specific activity of the microcapsulated formulation of measles virus was as high as 3.36 and 4.31 lg of TCD50/0.5 ml for the samples containing 1 and 0.1% polymer, respectively. The findings suggest that the microparticles of the vaccine contain live measles virus.

[Development and certification of libraries of the MDCK continuous cell line for production of influenza vaccine].

Seeding and working banks of the continuous MDCK cell culture suitable for the production of cultured influenza vaccine were created and deposited at liquid nitrogen temperature at the "Vector" State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology. The MDCK cell culture was shown to have morphology typical of the discussed cell line; it does not have any alien agents and is oncogenically safe; its enzimogram and karyotype are typical of the donor line; finally, its biological properties are stable during a long period of cultivation and its sensitivity to influenza virus is high, therefore, it can be recommended for the production of influenza vaccine. The continuous MDCK cell line was certified at Tarasevich Committee and was recommended by the MIBP Committee, Russia's Health Ministry, for its use as a substrate in the production of diagnostic and preventive immunoglobulins.

[Morphology and formation of symplasts in cell cultures infected with measles virus]. / Osobennosti morfologii i formirovanie simplastov v kul'turakh kletok, zarazhennykh virusom kori.

The morphology and formation of giant cells were studied in diploid r-68 and MRC-5 cells in comparison with Vero cells at different times after inoculation with measles Leningrad-16 virus by electron and light microscopy and morphometry. The virions were released mainly from mononuclear cells and small syncytia. The nuclei were positioned centrally in the syncytia formed by diploid cells and at the periphery in Vero cell culture. The examined cultures were similar in terms of virus titers but differed by morphology, size and number of syncytia per unit of surface and time course of their formation. In comparison with Vero cells, in diploid r-68 and MRC-5 cells the maximal number involved in giant cells was 5 and 3.5 times lesser and the number of syncytia per surface unit 20 and 13 times lesser, respectively. Human r-68 diploid cell culture was characterized by the least number and size of syncytia over the entire course of experiment and longest life of the monolayer.

[Morphology of the microencapsulated form of measles vaccine based on pH-dependent polymers]. / Morfologiia mikrokapsulirovannoi formy korevoi vaktsiny na osnove pH-zavisimykh polimerov.

Morphology of microparticles of the microencapsulated measles vaccine was studied by cryofractography, transmission electronic microscopy and by atomic force microscopy; co-polymers of polyacrylic acid and of sodium-alginate (spermidine) complexes were used as the matrix. The different-composition microcapsules had clear-cut borders and a certain range of sizes; but they were different in morphology, and their structures and densities varied identically with regard for a medium acidity, which is apparently preconditioned by some conformation-type alterations of matrix molecules. The studied preparations can, probably, protect the viral material in the stomach aggressive medium and release the material to ensure its contact with the intestine lymph tissue; thereof, they can be referred to as promising for further study of mucosal vaccines.

[Ultrastructure of human L-68 diploid cells, infected with rubella virus]. / Ul'trastruktura diploidnykh kletok cheloveka L-68, infitsirovannykh virusom krasnukhi.

A monolayer of human diploid cell culture L-68 (21st and 30th passages) was infected with a intermediate variant of rubella vaccine strain Orlov and studied for 8 days by light and electron microscopy. Virus reproduction was associated with slight cytopathic effect; virions were detected in low amounts inside vacuoles and cisterns of the lamellar complex, groups of virions were found in the cytoplasm in association with cytomembranes and outside cells. Cell cultures differed by the cytopathic effect of the virus on the monolayer: microfocuses were found in the 21st passage culture, while in the 30th passage culture the monolayer was diffusely damaged.

[Isolation and characteristics of regional cytomegalovirus strains]. / Vydelenie i kharakteristika regional'nykh shtammov tsitomegalovirusa.

Two strains of cytomegalovirus were isolated from seropositive patients. The strains were identified and characterized by virological and immunological methods and may be used for research and practical studies.

[Ultrastructural organization of the inner medullary zone of the kidney of the water vole Arvicola terrestris]. / Ul'trastrukturnaia organizatsiia vnutrennei mozgovoi zony pochki u vodianoi krysy Arvicola terrestris.

Papillary component ultrastructure and acid mucopolysaccharide distribution have been investigated in the kidney of the water vole A. terrestris. Structural differences between the descending and ascending parts of the Henle's loop are rather small, cell cytoplasm of these segments being poor in organells. Unusual ultrastructure of the collecting duct epithelium with high level of cytoplasmic organization (elongated thin mitochondria, fairly developed Golgi complex, numerous phagosomes and pinocytotic vesicles, long branching microvilli) was described. Apical membrane of the epithelium is covered by rich glycocalix layer. Heil-positive substrances are located intracellularly inside phagosomes and on vesicle membranes, as well as on the membranes of cisternae of endoplasmic reticulum. Interstitium is abundant, but no close contacts between papillary components were found. Acid mucopolysaccharide content of the interstitium is low, "gel" filter being not formed. The described peculiarities are discussed in relation to water and salt metabolism of the rodents investigated.

[Comparative ultrastructural study of the inner medullary zone of the kidney of rodents with varying water access in the habitat environment]. / Sravnitel'noe izuchenie ul'trastruktury vnutrennei mozgovoi zony pochki u gryzunov s razlichnoi ovodnennost'iu sredy obitaniia.

Studies have been made on the papillary zone of the kidney in wild rodents Microtus oeconomus, M. afganus, Nesokia indica and Rhombomus opimus, representing related taxonomic species but differing with respect to accessibility to water. In animals with high concentrating capacity, pronounced peculiarities of ultrastructure of descending and ascending parts of Henle's loop, thin epithelial layer in the collecting tubules and poor development of interstitial tissue account for higher level of water reabsorption. On the contrary, cytoplasmic ultrastructure of the collecting tubules in more arid species in simpler, this fact being presumably unrelated to the level of water reabsorption. Therefore, adaptation of the species investigated to the level of water accessibility is accompanied by ultrastructural changes in the inner medullary zone of the kidney.

[Comparative angioarchitectonics of the kidneys of several rodents]. / Sravnitel'naia angioarkhitektonika pochek nekotorykh gryzunov

Studies have been made on kidney angioarchitectonics in 3 rodent species (allied taxonomically, but significantly different in their habitat) - the albino rat, the gerbil Meriones erythrourus and the aquatic rodent must-rat Ondatra zibetica - after the injection of the vessels with India ink and subsequent microphotometric analysis of unstained sections. The general pattern of vascular system of the kideny is similar in all the species studied. However, significant differences were found in vascularisation of the cortex and especially of the outer and inner medulla. In M. erythrourus, vascularisation of the papilla is approximately 2 1/2 times more intense than that of the cortex; large vascular bundles in the outer medulla are separated from both interbundle plexus and vascular system of the papilla; the glomeruli differ in their size; arterial sphincters are more numerous in the cortex. In O. zibetica, vascularisation of the papilla is somewhat 3 times less intense as compared to that of the cortex; medullar bundles are diffuse; the structure of the glomeruli is more uniform. With respect to its kidney angioarchitectonics, the albino rat occupies intermediate position. The observed differences are discussed in relation to ecological specialization of the species studied, indicating the important role of vascular system of the kidney in the formation of concentrating capacity of the latter.

[Glycosaminoglycan distribution in the internal zone of the kidney medulla in various rodent species]. / Raspredelenie glikozaminoglikanov vo vnutrennei zone mozgovogo veshchestva pochki u nekotorykh vidov gryzunov.

Ultrastructure and distribution of glycosaminoglycanes (Hale's method) have been studied in the renal internal medullary substance zone in the white rat and in four species of wild rodents of various ecology: Arvicola terrestris, Microtus afganus, Spermophylosis leptodactylus, Rhombomus opimus. A tight contact of the structural components in the renal papilla, clearly manifested differences in the epitheliocyte structure of the nephron loop parts, thinning of the collecting tube epithelium and that of the interstitial layers in the more arid species are evidently connected with a high level of water reabsorbtion. Increasing area of the apical surface, development of the lysosomal apparatus, abundance of the apical vesicles when general contents of organells in the collecting tube cells is high (in terrestrial rats), is accompanied with hypertrophy of glycocalix and with presence of glycosaminoglycanes within the vesicles and phagosomes. All the species of rodents studied are characterized with the presence of the interstitial "gel filter", with a maximal contents of glycosaminoglycanes in the white rat renal papilla interstitium near the collecting tubes.

[Ultrastructure of the internal medullary substance of the kidney in rodents of an arid zone]. / Ul'trastruktura vnutrennego mozgovogo veshchestva pochki u nekotorykh gryzunov aridnoi zony.

Peculiar ultrastructural features of the kidney internal medullary substance have been studied in some typical representatives of the Middle Asia desert and semi-desert fauna (Spermophilopsis leptodactylus and Meriones erythrourus). Papillary organization in the species studied has a specific high differentiation of the fine nephron loop (Henle's) parts; flattening (especially in Meriones erythrourus) of epithelium in the collecting tubes while its cytoplasm is rather poor in organelle; high contents of the interstitial cells and their tight junction with canaliculi, capillaries, floccular material of the interstitial tissue; thinning of the interstitial sheets, especially between the collecting tubes and vessels, presence of collagene fibres in the interstitium, that is especially, specific for all the species of the Spermophilopsis leptodactylus studied. It is possible to suppose that development of similar features in the structure of the kidney internal medullary substance, where the main water resorption takes place in the species investigated, is connected with their life in similar environmental conditions with low hydratation level and is aimed to increase efficiency of the concentrating apparatus work.