The Association between ABO Blood Group and the Risk of Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis.

INTRODUCTION: Recently, studies have investigated the relationship between blood types and cancers. Contradictory results regarding the relationship between blood group type and colorectal cancer(CC) have been reported. The purpose of this study was to systematically investigate the distribution of ABO blood group frequency and evaluate its relationship with CC. MATERIAL AND METHODS: To conduct this systematic meta-analysis, we searched PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases using appropriate MESH terms until July 2022. All observational studies which assessed the ABO blood group frequency distribution and the association between ABO and CC were included. The Risk of Bias Assessment tool was used to assess the quality of studies. A random model was used to estimate the odds ratio (OR). The Egger test was used to assess the publication bias. RESULTS: Overall,14 studies (413,132 patients) were included. According to the pooled estimation, blood groups A, B, AB, and O frequency in patients with CC were 37%,18%,9%, and 31%, respectively. The OR of CC in people with the A blood group was higher than in the other groups (OR: 1.11, 95% CI:1.03,1.19, P:0.001). In contrast, the OR of CC in people with the O blood group was significantly lower than in other blood groups (OR: 0.93, 95% CI:0.83,0.97, P:0.001). No significant relationship was observed for B and AB blood groups with CC. CONCLUSIONS: This Meta-analysis showed that blood group type A has a greater risk of developing CC, while blood group type O was associated with lower chances of CC.

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Infection-Related Stigma, Depression, Anxiety, and Stress in Iranian Healthcare Workers.

Background: Psychological conditions aggravate during outbreaks. Here, we have discussed the existing COVID-19 depression, anxiety, and stress and the resulting stigma and its different aspects in Iranian health care workers and their 1st-degree relatives. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, information of our study groups (237 participants including health care workers and their nuclear family members) was collected via two online stigma and depression, anxiety, and stress scale (DASS) questionnaires. Results: The DASS questionnaire's mean depression, anxiety, and stress scores were 13.59 ± 5.76, 11.07 ± 4.38, and 15.05 ± 5.86, respectively, in our study population. Marriage status was effective on depression and stress scores. Married participants were having less depression (P = 0.008) but more stressful (P = 0.029) than single ones. Education was found to be effective on anxiety and stress scores. Those with an associate, master, Ph.D., and higher college degrees were significantly less anxious and stressed than those with a diploma or bachelor's degrees (P = 0.032 and 0.016, respectively, for anxiety and stress). Participants with a history of psychiatric conditions showed significantly higher depression, anxiety, and stress rates than those without a past psychiatric condition (P = 0.001). Healthcare workers and their nuclear family members suffer from severe stigma (mean stigma scores were 33.57 and 33.17, respectively). Conclusions: Healthcare workers and their nuclear family members in Iran suffer from severe COVID-19 related stigma. We also showed that depression, anxiety, and stress are common among Iranian Healthcare workers and their nuclear family members during this pandemic. This study showed that people with preexisting psychiatric conditions need extra mental care during the pandemic.