RESUMEN
Background: The Peel region in Southern Ontario is among the most ethnoculturally diverse and fastest growing areas in Canada. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the multicultural community of Brampton suffered one of the highest infection rates in Canada, in part because of the demographic and socioeconomic characteristics of the community. The role of pharmacists in supporting vaccine uptake in this linguistically, ethnically and religiously diverse community has not been adequately characterized. Methods: A qualitative case study approach was used, focusing on one of the major communities in Peel (Brampton). Interviews with community pharmacists and pharmacy staff directly involved in COVID-19 vaccine administration during the pandemic were undertaken to identify common experiences and trends related to providing care and support to this high-risk community. Constant comparative coding was used to identify common themes that can inform ongoing public health supports in future pandemics. Results: A total of 29 interviews were completed. Key themes that emerged included 1) the impact of operational, organizational and logistical issues on vaccine uptake in the community; 2) the negative influence of inconsistent messaging from public health and other experts during the pandemic; and 3) the identification of an emerging typology of "vaccine hesitancies" describing different reasons/motivations for avoiding COVID-19 vaccination and approaches taken by pharmacy staff to address these within a multicultural, multilingual practice context. Discussion: The COVID-19 vaccination campaign was unprecedented in its size, scope and speed, and community pharmacists were integral in this effort. The unique needs of ethnoculturally, linguistically and socioeconomically diverse communities like Brampton require further studies to examine ways in which the pharmacy profession can positively influence greater vaccine uptake, by increasing understanding of the diverse proliferation of vaccine hesitancies that emerged.
RESUMEN
Pharmacists were integral to the vaccine administration process during the first two years of the COVID-19 pandemic. As such, they encountered a variety of different forms of vaccine resistance. This qualitative study explored 33 community pharmacists (from varying geographical and practice types) responses to vaccine resistance and tactics utilized to support vaccination amongst diverse community members. A typology of 8 different variants of vaccine hesitancy emerged, each with its own root cause and potential opportunities for intervention. Pharmacists in this study described techniques to support adherence to public health guidance based on their assessment of root causes for resistance demonstrated by patients. Importantly, all pharmacists in this study described feelings of anger towards truly anti-vax patients and unwillingness to actually engage or even try to address this group in their practice.