What role do endogenous retroviruses play in domestic cats infected with feline leukaemia virus?

Feline leukaemia virus (FeLV) is a retrovirus that infects domestic and wild cats around the world. FeLV infection is associated with the development of neoplasms, bone marrow disorders and immunosuppression. Viral subgroups arise from mutations in the FeLV genome or from recombination of FeLV with ancestral endogenous retroviruses in the cat genome. The retroviral endogenisation process has allowed generation of a diversity of endogenous viruses, both functional and defective. These elements may be part of the normal functioning of the feline genome and may also interact with FeLV to form recombinant FeLV subgroups, enhance pathogenicity of viral subgroups, or inhibit and/or regulate other retroviral infections. Recombination of the env gene occurs most frequently and appears to be the most significant in terms of both the quantity and diversification of pathogenic effects in the viral population, as well as affecting cell tropism and types of disease that occur in infected cats. This review focuses on available information regarding genetic diversity, pathogenesis and diagnosis of FeLV as a result of the interaction between endogenous and exogenous viruses.

Synthesis of carbon nanotubes using biochar as precursor material under microwave irradiation.

Biochar is a carbon-rich porous material obtained by the thermochemical treatment of biomass. Biochar presents a suitable composition as precursor material for carbon nanotubes (CNTs) growth, and can be used as a sustainable alternative in the valorization of biomass. In this study, the synthesis of CNTs using biochar as biological precursor material is presented. CNTs were synthesized using a mixture of biochar and ferrocene including microwave assisted heating. Biochar samples used in the synthesis of CNTs were obtained from agroindustrial waste such as wheat straw, oat hulls, rapeseed cake and hazelnut hulls pyrolyzed at 400 °C and 600 °C. Synthesized CNTs were examined by dynamic light scattering, UV-VIS spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The results indicate that the physicochemical properties of CNTs were influenced by pyrolysis temperature of biomass. Biochars obtained at 600 °C produced higher CNTs concentration and smaller hydrodynamic diameter. Moreover, CNTs synthesized from biochar of hazelnut hulls and wheat straw show a higher degree of wall graphitization, suggesting superior CNT quality. The results of this study show the feasible production of CNTs using biochar as precursor material.

First report of amitraz and cypermethrin resistance in Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato infesting dogs in Mexico.

Engorged female Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato (Ixodida: Ixodidae) were collected from dogs in the state of Yucatán, Mexico. Fourteen tick populations were collected from dogs at seven veterinary clinics, four residential homes and three cattle farms. The larval immersion test was used in the progeny of collected adult females to test susceptibility to amitraz and cypermethrin. Dose-mortality regressions, 50% lethal concentrations (LC50 ), confidence intervals and slope were estimated by probit analysis. For amitraz, 12 tick populations (85.7%) were classified as resistant and low inter-population variation in the phenotypic level of resistance was evident [resistance ratios (RRs) at LC50 : 1.0-13.0]. For cypermethrin, 12 tick populations (85.7%) were classified as resistant and substantial inter-population variation in the phenotypic level of resistance was evident (RRs at LC50 : 1.0-104.0). Thus, amitraz resistance in R. sanguineus s.l. is common, but generally occurs at low levels; however, alarmingly high levels of cypermethrin resistance are present in R. sanguineus s.l. populations in dogs in Yucatán, Mexico. The intensive use of both acaricides to control ectoparasites on dogs is likely to lead to more serious resistance problems that may cause high levels of control failure in the future.

Genome-wide association analysis of body conformation traits in Mexican Holstein cattle using a mix of sampled and imputed SNP genotypes.

In arid and semi-arid zones, animal health and production are closely correlated with body conformation traits. These selected traits, in turn, allow livestock to adapt unfavorable soil and environmental conditions. The primary objective of this study was to perform a genome-wide association analysis for a set of sampled and imputed SNPs with 16 conformation traits in a population of Holstein cows from a desert area of Northwestern Mexico. Imputation from 6K to 50K SNPs was performed as a low-cost optimization strategy. Results show eight SNPs associated with two conformation traits. The Udder Depth trait resulted in seven associated SNPs from chromosome 10, that related to Marbling Score, Milk Yield, Fat Yield, Protein Yield, and Protein Percentage Quantitative Trait Loci (QTLs). The Body Depth trait resulted in one associated SNP from chromosome 2, although no QTL relation was found. The discovery of genes associated with conformation traits may be indicative of the adaptive selection pressures the Holstein breed has undergone in response to the extreme weather conditions found in the northwestern areas of Mexico. Results of this study indicate that traits such as stature and body depth may be used as indicators of cows' potential genetic merits for milk, fat, and protein production.

Study on viability and chondrogenic differentiation of cryopreserved adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stromal cells for future use in regenerative medicine.

Adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells are promising as a regenerative therapy tool for defective tissues in mesenchymal lineage, including fat, bone, cartilage, and blood vessels. In potential future clinical applications, adipose-derived stem cell cryopreservation is an essential fundamental technology. The aim of this study is to define an adequate protocol for the cryopreservation of adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells, by comparing various protocols so as to determine the effects of cryopreservation on viability and chondrogenic differentiation potential of adipose-derived stem cells upon freeze-thawing of AT-MSCs colonies cryopreserved with standard and modified protocols, using flow cytometry and confocal microscopy. The study concludes that adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells could be long-term cryopreserved without any loss of their proliferative or differentiation potential.

Cancer prevalence in United States, Nordic Countries, Italy, Australia, and France: an analysis of geographic variability.

BACKGROUND: The objectives of this study were to quantitatively assess the geographic heterogeneity of cancer prevalence in selected Western Countries and to explore the associations between its determinants. METHODS: For 20 cancer sites, 5-year cancer prevalence, incidence, and survival were observed and age standardised for the mid 2000s in the United States, Nordic European Countries, Italy, Australia, and France. RESULTS: In Italy, 5-year crude prevalence for all cancers was 1.9% in men and 1.7% in women, while it was ∼1.5% in all other countries and sexes. After adjustment for the different age distribution of the populations, cancer prevalence in the United States was higher (20% in men and 10% in women) than elsewhere. For all cancers combined, the geographic heterogeneities were limited, though relevant for specific cancers (e.g., prostate, showing >30% higher prevalence in the United States, or lung, showing >50% higher prevalence in USA women than in other countries). For all countries, the correlations between differences of prevalence and differences of incidence were >0.9, while prevalence and survival were less consistently correlated. CONCLUSION: Geographic differences and magnitude of crude cancer prevalence were more strongly associated with incidence rates, influenced by population ageing, than with survival rates. These estimates will be helpful in allocating appropriate resources.

Leishmania spp. epidemiology of canine leishmaniasis in the Yucatan Peninsula.

Canine Leishmaniasis is widespread in various Mexican states, where different species of Leishmania have been isolated from dogs. In the present study, we describe the detection of L. braziliensis, L. infantum, and L. mexicana in serum of dogs from the states of Yucatan and Quintana Roo in the Yucatan Peninsula (Mexico). A total of 412 sera were analyzed by ELISA using the total extract of the parasite and the iron superoxide dismutase excreted by different trypanosomatids as antigens. We found the prevalence of L. braziliensis to be 7.52%, L. infantum to be 6.07%, and L. mexicana to be 20.63%, in the dog population studied. The results obtained with ELISA using iron superoxide dismutase as the antigen were confirmed by western blot analysis with its greater sensitivity, and the agreement between the two techniques was very high.

Direct chiral liquid chromatography determination of aryloxyphenoxypropionic herbicides in soil: deconvolution tools for peak processing.

In this paper, the enantiomeric separation of two aryloxyphenoxypropionic esters (fluazifop-butyl and quizalofop-ethyl) and a safener herbicide (mefenpyr-diethyl), which is widely used for protecting crop plants, has been studied by direct liquid chromatography (LC) with UV detection on an α(1)-acid glycoprotein as chiral stationary phase. Optimization of separation conditions was done by factorial experimental design. Experimental factors and ranges selected were propanol (5-10%), phosphate buffer pH (6.5-7.0), and column temperature (15-25 °C). Responses were expressed in terms of enantioresolution (R(s)) and adjusted retention time of the second eluted enantiomer (t(r2)'). The chemometric method used to explore data was response surface analysis. Multiple response analyses were carried out to determine the combination of experimental factors which simultaneously optimize experimental responses. Under optimum conditions for enantioseparation of each herbicide, partially overlapped or fully resolved enantiomers were obtained. Deconvolution tools were employed as an integration method to fit chromatographic data and to achieve a more precise enantiomeric ratio (ER) and enantiomeric fraction (EF) values. Applicability of both direct chiral LC and peak deconvolution methods was evaluated in spiked soil samples at different R/S enantiomeric ratios. Acceptable and reproducible recoveries between 71% and 96% with precision in the range 1-6% were achieved for herbicide-spiked levels from 0.50 to 9.0 µg g(-1). In addition, parameters such as R(s), ER, and EF were calculated and compared with values obtained using the common valley drop integration method.

Effect of soya lecithin on the enzymatic system of the white-rot fungi Anthracophyllum discolor.

The present work optimized the initial pH of the medium and the incubation temperature for ligninolytic enzymes produced by the white-rot fungus Anthracophyllum discolor. Additionally, the effect of soya lecithin on mycelial growth and the production of ligninolytic enzymes in static batch cultures were evaluated. The critical micelle concentration of soya lecithin was also studied by conductivity. The effects of the initial pH (3, 4, and 5) and incubation temperature (20, 25, and 30°C) on different enzymatic activities revealed that the optimum conditions to maximize ligninolytic activity were 26°C and pH 5.5 for laccase and manganese peroxidase (MnP) and 30°C and pH 5.5 for manganese-independent peroxidase (MiP). Under these culture conditions, the maximum enzyme production was 10.16, 484.46, and 112.50 U L(-1) for laccase, MnP, and manganese-independent peroxidase MiP, respectively. During the study of the effect of soya lecithin on A. discolor, we found that the increase in soya lecithin concentration from 0 to 10 g L(-1) caused an increase in mycelial growth. On the other hand, in the presence of soya lecithin, A. discolor produced mainly MnP, which reached a maximum concentration of 30.64 ± 4.61 U L(-1) after 25 days of incubation with 1 g L(-1) of the surfactant. The other enzymes were produced but to a lesser extent. The enzymatic activity of A. discolor was decreased when Tween 80 was used as a surfactant. The critical micelle concentration of soya lecithin calculated in our study was 0.61 g L(-1).

[Usefulness of prensil strength as a predictor of functional abatement in patients over 60 years of age with hip fracture]. / Utilidad de la fuerza prensil como predictor de abatimiento funcional en pacientes mayores de 60 años con fractura de cadera.

Comprehensive geriatric assessment impacts on the preservation of functionality , affecting the quality of life of the patient. Low muscle mass, expressed as low grip strength, is a common condition that has shown great utility in predicting mortality, days of hospital stay, and early mobilization. OBJECTIVE: To describe the usefulness of grip strength as a predictor of functional loss in patients older than 60 years with hip fracture. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A prospective, observational, analytical, longitudinal cohort study in 60-year-old hospitalized patients with hip fracture, the grip strength was evaluated with a hydraulic dynamometer at admission and after surgery, with a follow-up at 30 days. RESULTS: The patients presented a significant decrease in grip strength at admission compared to grip strength at discharge (20.79 ± 4.75 vs. 15.45 ± 4.17 respectively). When evaluating muscle strength, it was found that those patients with functional loss had a higher score of grip strength at admission (21.42 ± 5.26, p = 0.04), and grip strength at discharge (16.14 ± 4.52 p = 0.013). For each day of hospital stay, 0.493 kg of muscle strength decreases. CONCLUSION: There is a positive correlation between the days of hospital stay with the decrease in muscle strength in addition to a positive correlation between the Barthel score and grip strength, which proposes that this parameter is an important factor to evaluate in the adult functionality approach.

La valoración geriátrica integral impacta en la preservación de la funcionalidad, repercutiendo en la calidad de vida del paciente. La baja masa muscular, expresada en baja fuerza prensil es una condición común que ha mostrado gran utilidad para la predicción de mortalidad, días de estancia hospitalaria y movilización temprana. Objetivo: Describir la utilidad de la fuerza prensil como predictor de abatimiento funcional en pacientes mayores de 60 años con fractura de cadera. Material y métodos: Estudio de cohorte prospectiva, observacional, analítico, longitudinal, en pacientes de 60 años hospitalizados con fractura de cadera. Se evaluó la fuerza prensil con dinamómetro hidráulico al ingreso y postquirúrgica, con seguimiento a los 30 días. Resultados: Se observó que los pacientes presentaron una disminución en la fuerza prensil al ingreso en comparación con la fuerza prensil al momento del egreso (20.79 ± 4.75 vs. 15.45 ± 4.17 respectivamente). Al evaluar la fuerza muscular se encontró que los pacientes con abatimiento funcional tuvieron un puntaje mayor de fuerza prensil al ingreso (21.42 ± 5.26, p = 0.04) y fuerza prensil al egreso (16.14 ± 4.52 p = 0.013). Por cada día de estancia hospitalaria disminuyó 0.493 kg la fuerza muscular. Conclusión: Existe una correlación positiva entre los días de estancia intrahospitalaria y la disminución de la fuerza muscular, además de una correlación positiva entre el índice de Barthel y la fuerza prensil, lo que propone a dicho parámetro como un factor importante a evaluar en el abordaje de funcionalidad del adulto mayor.

Quantification and in vitro bioaccessibility of glucosinolates and trace elements in Brassicaceae leafy vegetables.

Leaf samples from five Brassicaceae species (Brassica carinata, Brassica oleracea, Brassica rapa, Eruca vesicaria and Sinapis alba) were analyzed to determine their contents of glucosinolates and trace elements, and the bioaccessibility of these compounds. Considerable variability in the total contents and glucosinolate profiles was observed in the Brassicaceae species, with the total amounts ranging from 8.5 µmol/g dw in Brassica oleracea to 32.9 µmol/g dw in Sinapis alba. Bioaccessibilities of the predominant glucosinolates were moderate, ranging from 13.1% for glucoraphanin to 43.2% for gluconapin, which is particularly relevant as they have been implicated in a variety of anti-carcinogenic mechanisms. Trace element concentrations were: Se (28-160 µg/Kg dw); Cr (0.31-4.03 µg/g dw); Ni (0.19-1.53 µg/g dw); Fe (8.6-18.8 µg/g dw); Zn (20.8-41.5 µg/g dw); Ca (6.2-15.2 mg/g dw). Brassicaceae leaves were also moderate dietary sources of Se, Ni, Zn and Ca.

Androgenetic alopecia in the paediatric population: a retrospective review of 57 patients.

BACKGROUND: Hair loss is an unwelcome event at any age, but it can be particularly distressing for adolescents and their families. While androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is the most common form of hair loss in adults, little is known about its prevalence, clinical features and response to treatments in the paediatric population. OBJECTIVES: To better characterize the causes of alopecia in a paediatric population. METHODS: We performed a retrospective chart review to identify all patients with hair loss seen in an academic paediatric dermatology practice at New York University over a 12-year period to better characterize the causes of alopecia in this population. We review the clinical and histological features, natural progression and associated laboratory abnormalities of AGA in 57 paediatric patients. RESULTS: AGA was identified as the most frequent cause of hair loss in adolescents and the second most common diagnosis overall. The male to female ratio was 2 : 1 and the average age at initial presentation with AGA was 14.8 years. Adolescent girls had diffuse thinning or thinning at the crown, and boys frequently presented with female pattern hair loss. When biopsies were performed, perifollicular inflammation was a common finding. A family history of AGA was reported in 83% of patients. Laboratory evaluation for androgens revealed polycystic ovarian syndrome in three girls and late-onset congenital adrenal hyperplasia in one boy. CONCLUSIONS: AGA is the most common form of hair loss in adolescents, and can be the presenting sign of an underlying endocrine disorder. An accurate and timely diagnosis is essential for appropriate medical and psychosocial intervention when warranted.

Differential regulation of IgG-NMO autoantibodies on S100Beta protein and disability in relapsing neuromyelitis optica.

Neuromyelitis optica (NMO), an uncommon central nervous system (CNS) demyelinating disease, produces transverse myelitis and severe optic neuritis. IgG-NMO autoantibody, a specific immunoglobulin binding aquaporin-4 water channel protein, confirms that NMO is a different entity to multiple sclerosis. Parallel to cytokine down-regulations found in serum of relapsing-NMO (rNMO) patients, it has been reported that IgG-NMO may also confer a worse course of the disease in r-NMO Caribbean patients. In this study, we were interested in exploring the influence of IgG-NMO autoantibody on S100beta levels and clinical parameters from serum of r-NMO patients. Serum samples from 24 rNMO patients and 10 controls were evaluated. The reduction of S100beta observed in r-NMO patients was not significant compared to controls; and no differences were present regarding IgG-NMO immunoreactivity. At the same time, a significant correlation was also observed between IgG-NMO autoantibody serum detection and EDSS (Expanded Disability Status Scale) in rNMO. These results corroborate a differential regulation of IgG-NMO autoantibodies on the S100beta glial marker and on the disability present in rNMO patients.

New approach to optimize HPLC separations of acid-base compounds with elution order involved, by using combined three-band resolution maps.

Some of the optimization methods in reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) are based on resolution of the critical band pair. Mobile phase composition is changed systematically to establish those conditions giving an acceptable resolution for such a critical band pair, but sometimes the critical pair may change with the separation conditions, which obliges to identify it for each of those conditions. In the case of ionizable compounds, more than two bands may be involved in resolution, showing--in some cases--changes in the elution order when the mobile phase composition was modified. In this paper, an alternative way that does not identify the critical pair after changing experimental conditions is proposed. The relative separation of the three bands involved in two alternating critical band pairs is evaluated as a sort of conjugate or combined resolution, represented as contour maps vs. two variables (content of organic modifier and pH). These maps are obtained from data of chromatograms made under different separation conditions; these conditions were generated by experimental design and data was mathematically processed with a computer program. Analytes of three families that have acid-base properties, triazines, phenoxyacids, and phenols, were used for this purpose. The chromatographic behavior when elution order reversion of ionizable compounds exists is studied.

A randomized, controlled, open-label trial evaluating the efficacy and safety of chloroquine in the treatment of giardiasis in children.

BACKGROUND: Giardia duodenalis is among the commonest protozoan parasites in the intestinal tract of humans and may cause significant morbidity worldwide. Although there are several antigiardial agents, treatment failures have been commonly reported. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy and safety of chloroquine (CQ) versus metronidazole (MTZ) in the treatment of children with confirmed G duodenalis mono-infection. METHODS: A randomized, controlled, open-label trial was carried out at the Cuban Institute of Gastroenterology. One hundred and twenty-two children were randomly assigned to receive either CQ (10 mg/Kg bodyweight twice a day for five days) or MTZ [15 mg/Kg bodyweight divided in three daily does for five days]. All children were asked to provide three faecal samples on days 3, 5 and 7 after treatment completion. Children were considered to be cured, if no Giardia trophozoites or cysts were found in any of the three post-treatment faecal specimens evaluated by direct wet mounts and/or after Ritchie concentration techniques. RESULTS: The frequency of cure was a little higher for CQ than for MTZ but the difference was not statistically significant. Headache was more common in patients treated with CQ as was bitter taste. Yellowish colouration of the urine was more frequent in the MTZ treated group. CONCLUSION: Chloroquine, for five days, is as efficacious as the recommended treatment with MTZ in children infected with G duodenalis.

Minimally Invasive Hemodynamic Assessment during Obstetric Hysterectomy for Invasive Placentation with Epidural Anesthesia.

BACKGROUND: The present study aimed to describe the evolution of hemodynamic parameters over time of patients with invasive placentation during their third trimester who were delivered via cesarean section and subsequently underwent obstetric hysterectomy under epidural anesthesia. METHODS: A prospective, descriptive, longitudinal, 11-month cohort study of 43 patients aged between 18 and 37 years who presented with invasive placentation. Minimal invasive monitoring was placed before the administration of epidural anesthesia for hemodynamic parameter tracking during the cesarean section. After delivery, the patients underwent an obstetric hysterectomy. Blood loss, hemodynamic parameters, and coagulation were managed via goal-directed therapy. Parameters were compared via repeated measures ANOVA and effect size estimation (Cohen's d). RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 29.2 ± 3.4 years and was moderately overweight. They had minor cardiac index variance (P=NS, no significance), vascular systemic resistance index (NS), heart rate (P=NS), and median arterial pressure (P=NS). Differences were observed in the stroke volume index (P=0.015) due to moderately higher values (d = 0.3, P=0.016) in the middle of the surgery. Patients had lower cardiac index (d = -0.36, NS) and cardiac workload requirements (d = -0.29, P=0.034) toward the completion of surgery. CONCLUSION: Patients who are in their third trimester and who subsequently underwent obstetric hysterectomy under epidural anesthesia had modest surgical hemodynamic variance and reduced cardiac workload requirements toward the end of the surgery.

[Reticulocyte haemoglobin content in the diagnosis of iron deficiency]. / Contenido de hemoglobina reticulocitaria para el diagnóstico de la ferropenia.

INTRODUCTION: The detection of iron deficiency is essential in order to start early treatment to prevent long-term systemic complications of iron deficiency anaemia. Reticulocyte haemoglobin content (CHr) has been shown to be a helpful indicator for detecting iron deficiency before the development of anaemia. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the efficiency of CHr in the assessment of iron deficiency with or without anaemia and to determine the cut-off value with the best diagnostic yield. STUDY DESIGN: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out on an urban population of both sexes aged 6 months to 14 years. The study protocol included a questionnaire and taking a venous blood sample for a complete blood cell count with CHr and biochemical indicators of iron status. RESULTS: Samples were obtained for 237 children. A CHr cut-off value of 25 pg had an overall sensitivity of 90.7% and specificity of 80.1% for the diagnosis of iron deficiency with or without anaemia. The value of CHr was below 25 pg in the diagnostic groups with iron deficiency and iron deficiency anaemia, and above this value in the diagnostic groups with non-iron deficient anaemia or normal. CONCLUSIONS: CHr is a useful hematological marker to identify iron deficiency and iron deficiency anaemia in childhood. A CHr value of 25 pg showed the best performance to identify iron deficiency with or without anaemia.

[Review of haematology and biochemistry parameters to identify iron deficiency]. / Revisión de los parámetros hematológicos y bioquímicos para identificar la ferropenia.

INTRODUCTION: There has been a continuous improvement in the methods to detect iron deficiency, a common condition in children, in the last decades or so, but it is still difficult to establish which parameters should be included in a diagnostic panel for iron deficiency and iron deficiency anaemia. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the diagnostic efficiency of commonly used haematological and biochemical markers, as well as the reticulocyte haemoglobin content (CHr) in the diagnosis of iron deficiency with or without anaemia. STUDY DESIGN: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out on an urban population of both sexes aged 6 months to 14 years. A complete blood cell count with CHr was obtained. Biochemical markers of iron metabolism, transferrin saturation, serum iron, ferritin and total iron binding capacity were also measured. RESULTS: Samples were obtained for 237 children. A multiple stepwise logistic regression analysis identified CHr and iron serum as the only parameters independently associated to iron deficiency (P<0.05). CHr was the strongest predictor of iron deficiency and iron deficiency anaemia. CONCLUSIONS: Our study indicates that the measurement of CHr may be a reliable method to assess deficiencies in tissue iron supply. CHr together with a complete blood count may provide an alternative to the traditional biochemical panel for the diagnosis of iron deficiency in children.

[Infection-triggered familial or recurrent acute necrotizing encephalopathy]. / Encefalopatía aguda necrosante familiar o recurrente desencadenada por infecciones.

Acute necrotizing encephalopathy (ANE) presents in children after common viral infections. Most cases of ANE are non-familial and non-recurrent and have been mainly reported in Asian patients, although ANE affects children worldwide. Recently, missense mutations in the gene encoding the nuclear pore protein Ran Binding Protein 2 (RANBP2) have been found in several families with familial or recurrent cases of ANE. We describe a Spanish family with familial and recurrent ANE without mutations in RANBP2. Mutations in RANBP2 are not the sole susceptibility alleles for familial or recurrent ANE.

[Analysis of the frequency of polytraumatized patients in motorcycle accidents in the pediatric publication attended in the Pediatric Hospital of Sinaloa between the years 2015 and 2017]. / Análisis de la frecuencia de pacientes politraumatizados en accidentes en motocicleta en la población pediátrica atendida en el Hospital Pediátrico de Sinaloa entre los años 2015 y 2017.

OBJECTIVES: Determine the frequency of polytraumatized pediatric patients involved in motorcycle accidents treated at the Pediatric Hospital of Sinaloa between 2015 and 2017, as well as to determine the frequency of traumatic brain injuries, thoracic, abdominal, limb injuries, days of hospital stay and mortality. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The selected population were patients under 18 years of age who were involved in motorcycle accidents treated at the Pediatric Hospital of Sinaloa in a period between January 1st, 2015 and December 31, 2017. RESULTS: The most affected gender was the male with the most frequent age of 14 years, accidents occurred more frequently on Fridays and Saturdays at night. July was the month with the highest frequency of accidents. The number of accidents increased every year. Most of the injured were passengers, 98.4% did not use safety equipment, the most frequent injury was head injury, followed by injuries in lower extremities, upper chest trauma and less frequent abdominal traumatism. DISCUSSION: There is a progressive increase in motorcycle accidents where the pediatric population is involved, the use of helmet is almost zero, most of the patients presented with head trauma, this study serves to see the current situation, as well as being the basis for Subsequent studies and conduct more campaigns for the prevention of motorcycle accidents and encourage the use of helmet in pediatric patients.

OBJETIVOS: Determinar la frecuencia de los pacientes pediátricos politraumatizados involucrados en accidentes por motocicleta atendidos en el Hospital Pediátrico de Sinaloa entre los años 2015 y 2017, así como determinar la frecuencia de traumatismos craneoencefálicos, lesiones torácicas, abdominales, en extremidades, días de estancia hospitalaria y mortalidad. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: La población seleccionada fueron pacientes menores de 18 años de edad que se encontraron involucrados en accidentes de motocicleta atendidos en el Hospital Pediátrico de Sinaloa en un período comprendido entre el 1o de Enero de 2015 al 31 de Diciembre de 2017. RESULTADOS: El género más afectado fue el masculino, con edad más frecuente de 14 años, los accidentes ocurrieron con mayor frecuencia los Viernes y Sábados en horario nocturno. Julio fue el mes con mayor índice de accidentes. La cantidad de accidentes se incrementó cada año. La mayoría de los lesionados fueron pasajeros, 98.4% no utilizó equipo de seguridad, la lesión más común fue el traumatismo craneoencefálico, seguido de lesiones en extremidades inferiores, superiores, traumatismo torácico y la menos común, el traumatismo abdominal. DISCUSIÓN: Hay un incremento progresivo en los accidentes en motocicleta donde se involucra la población pediátrica, el uso de casco es casi nulo, la mayoría de los pacientes presentó traumatismo craneoencefálico, este estudio sirve para analizar el panorama actual, así como ser la base de estudios posteriores y realizar más campañas para la prevención de accidentes en motocicleta y fomentar el uso de casco en pacientes pediátricos.