RESUMEN
We aimed to describe differences in the epidemiology, management, and outcomes existing between centers located in countries which differ by geographical location and economic status during to post-pandemic bronchiolitis seasons. This was a prospective observational cohort study performed in two academic centers in Latin America (LA) and three in Italy. All consecutive children with a clinical diagnosis of bronchiolitis were included, following the same data collection form. Nine hundred forty-three patients have been enrolled: 275 from the two Latin American Centers (San Jose, 215; Buenos Aires, 60), and 668 from Italy (Rome, 178; Milano, 163; Bologna, 251; Catania, 76). Children in LA had more frequently comorbidities, and only rarely received palivizumab. A higher number of patients in LA had been hospitalized in a ward (64% versus 23.9%, p < 0.001) or in a PICU (16% versus 6.2%, p < 0.001), and children in LA required overall more often respiratory support, from low flow oxygen to invasive mechanical ventilation, except for CPAP which was more used in Italy. There was no significant difference in prescription rates for antibiotics, but a significantly higher number of patients treated with systemic steroids in Italy. CONCLUSIONS: We found significant differences in the care for children with bronchiolitis in Italy and LA. Reasons behind such differences are unclear and would require further investigations to optimize and homogenize practice all over the world. WHAT IS KNOWN: ⢠Bronchiolitis is among the commest cause of morbidity and mortality in infants all over the world. WHAT IS NEW: ⢠There are significant differences on how clinicians care for bronchiolitis in different centers and continents. Differences in care can be principally due to different local practices than differences in patients severity/presentations. ⢠Understanding these differences should be a priority to optime and standardize bronchiolitis care globally.
Asunto(s)
Bronquiolitis , Humanos , Italia/epidemiología , Estudios Prospectivos , Lactante , Masculino , Femenino , Bronquiolitis/epidemiología , Bronquiolitis/terapia , Bronquiolitis/tratamiento farmacológico , América Latina/epidemiología , Recién Nacido , Resultado del Tratamiento , Hospitalización/estadística & datos numéricos , Preescolar , Palivizumab/uso terapéuticoRESUMEN
The utilization of grape juice from low oenological value grape varieties for bioethanol production represent an alternative for diversification and value addition in viticulture. Optimizing Very High Gravity (VHG) fermentation can significantly increase ethanol productivity while reducing water and energy consumption. In this study, the impact of different nitrogen sources on growth and fermentative performance of locally selected yeast strains was investigated. Five yeast strains of species Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Zygosaccharomyces rouxii were cultured in both synthetic culture media and natural grape juice supplemented with ammonium sulfate (NH), yeast extract (YE), Fermaid K (FERM), and urea (U) at varying concentrations. Due to the very low fermentation rate, the Z. rouxii strain was excluded from the selection. The results obtained in synthetic medium showed that nitrogen sources that promoted growth (NH and YE) had minimal effects on fermentative performance and were highly dependent on the specific yeast strain. However, the combination of urea and ammonium favored the rate of sugar consumption. When validated in natural grape juice, urea combined with ammonium (U + NH 300 + 75 mg/L) improved both growth parameters and ethanol yield. Doubling the concentration (U + NH 600 + 150 mg/L) further enhanced sugar consumption and ethanol production while reducing unwanted by-products. The combined use of urea and ammonium exhibited a synergistic effect, making it a cost-effective nitrogen supplement for VHG fermentations.
RESUMEN
Family planning is a key intervention to decrease the mortality rates and maternal morbidity, and neonatal mortality rates of children by mean of the preventiion of unwanted pregnancies, the same as pregnancies that happen very clsely to another previous one with little space between them. Several studies performed in different parts of the world have demonstrated adverse results related specially with the spaciament of the pregnancies. The risks are particularly higher with women wich get pregnant les after than a previous deliver, spontaneous abortion or induced abortion. The instrauterine device (ID) is a family planning higly efficacious with a prolongued action and reversible, that offers security to most postpartum women, including those who are still nursing. The primary aim of the present report was to determine the frequency in the placement of the DIUPP in our Obstetrical Department between 01/06/2017 and 30/06/2018, and in a second instance, to describe the method for placement of the DIUPP, to determine the curve of learning, to measure the rate of expulsion of the device, and to evaluate the conformity of the users of the method. Unplanned pregnancies have strongly increased, and for that circumstance, we believe that with new strategies, such as it is with the post-event anticonception, we can improve the reproducive health (AU)
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Femenino , Adolescente , Adulto , Epidemiología Descriptiva , Estudios Retrospectivos , Estudios Longitudinales , Anticoncepción , Periodo Posparto , Planificación Familiar , Curva de Aprendizaje , Efectividad Anticonceptiva/estadística & datos numéricos , Expulsión de Dispositivo Intrauterino , Dispositivos Intrauterinos/provisión & distribuciónRESUMEN
The aim of this report was to determine the prevalence of syphilis in teenagers pregnant patients in the National Hospital "Alejandro Posadas" during the period between January 1st through December 31st 2016
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Femenino , Embarazo , Niño , Adolescente , Embarazo en Adolescencia , Peso al Nacer , Pruebas Serológicas , Sífilis/diagnóstico , Estudios de Seguimiento , Edad Gestacional , Diagnóstico PrecozRESUMEN
Se hace un análisis crítico de los resultados obtenidos en 4 series experimentales efectuadas en gatos. En estos experimentos se muestran los resultados siguientes: 1) la estimulación eléctrica del completo pulvinar-lateral posterior (P-LP) evoca ratación contralateral de la cabeza, acompañada de una rotación de ambos ojos en la misma dirección, la mayor parte de las veces de tipo sacádico. Con intensidades de corriente superior se produce rotación contralaterl de todo el cuerpo; 2) las eferencias desde el P-LP para producir estos efectos se hacen a través del colículo superior ipsilateral. La lesión electrolítica de esta última estructura suprime la conducta de rotación inducida por estimulación elétrica del P-LP. Este resultado no se obtiene cuando es lesionado el núcleo causado o el centralis later alis; 3) la ablación de la corteza cerebral ipsilateral, que tiene conexiones recíprocas importantes con el P-LP. produce la supresión de la respuesta de rotación en el 50 % de los gatos en la primeira semana que sigue a la resección cortical. Sin embargo, 30 días después de la ablación, el 86 % de los electrodos implantados en en P-LP son capaces de inducir, por estimulación elétrica, la respuesta de rotación, y 4) la inyección local en el P-LP a través de una cánula de carbacol o dioxolano, este último activador exclusivo de los receptores muscarínicos, produce también respuesta de rotación contralateral de cabeza-ojo-cuerpo. Los resultados expuestos nos permiten postular que el P-LP es otra estructura cerebral relacionada con rotación y diferente del sistema nigro-estriatal. Este último no es afectado por lesión del colículo superior, como sucede con el P-LP. Por otra parte, el neurotransmisor más importante implicado en la conducta de rotación en el sistema nigro-estriatal es la dopamina, en tanto que en el P-LP es la acetilcolina