First evidence of systemic infection and specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte immune response evoked by oral infection with recombinant Salmonella enterica serovar Albany-Ovalbumin in C57BL/6 mice.

Our group isolated Salmonella enterica serovar Albany from food and feces of wild captive carnivores in a zoo from northwestern Mexico. This serovar was also associated with the death of an ocelot (Leopardus pardalis) in the same zoo. Another group associated S. Albany with the death of a human patient. It is due to this zoonotic potential that the in vivo study of the host-S. Albany relationship is critical. The recombinant S. Albany-Ovalbumin (rSAO) strain was used to analyze a murine oral infection and its specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response. Our results have shown for the first time that rSAO establishes a systemic infection and evokes epitope-specific lysis with a Th1-like cytokine profile in vivo.

HIV Pre-exposure Prophylaxis and Buprenorphine at a Drug Detoxification Center During the Opioid Epidemic: Opportunities and Challenges.

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and buprenorphine decrease HIV acquisition. Between November, 2016 and July, 2017, we surveyed persons (N = 200) at a drug detoxification center to assess their interest in PrEP and in buprenorphine, and to examine factors associated with such interests. Over the previous 6 months, 58% (117/200) injected drugs, 87% (173/200) used opioids, 50% (85/171) had condomless sex. Only 22% (26/117) of persons who injected drugs were aware of PrEP, yet 74% (86/116) and 72% (84/116) were interested in oral or injectable PrEP, respectively. Thirty-eight percent (47/125) of persons not receiving buprenorphine or methadone expressed interest in buprenorphine. After multivariable adjustment, Latinx ethnicity was associated with interest in PrEP (aOR 3.80; 95% CI 1.37-10.53), while male gender (aOR 2.76; 95% CI 1.21-6.34) was associated with interest in buprenorphine. Opportunities exist to implement PrEP and buprenorphine within drug detoxification centers.Clinical trial registration NCT02869776. Clinicaltrials.gov https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02869776?term=Sabrina+Assoumou&cond=HIV+HCV&rank=1 .

Performance of ChatGPT and Google Translate for Pediatric Discharge Instruction Translation.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Patients who speak languages other than English face barriers to equitable healthcare delivery. Machine translation systems, including emerging large language models, have the potential to expand access to translation services, but their merits and limitations in clinical practice remain poorly defined. We aimed to assess the performance of Google Translate and ChatGPT for multilingual translation of pediatric discharge instructions. METHODS: Twenty standardized discharge instructions for pediatric conditions were translated into Spanish, Brazilian Portuguese, and Haitian Creole by professional translation services, Google Translate and ChatGPT-4.0, and evaluated for adequacy (preserved information), fluency (grammatical correctness), meaning (preserved connotation), and severity (clinical harm), along with assessment of overall preference. Domain-level ratings and preferred translation source were summarized with descriptive statistics and compared with professional translations. RESULTS: Google Translate and ChatGPT demonstrated similar domain-level ratings to professional translations for Spanish and Portuguese. For Haitian Creole, compared with both Google Translate and ChatGPT, professional translations demonstrated significantly greater adequacy, fluency meaning, and severity scores. ChatGPT (33.3%, P < .001) and Google Translate (23.3%, P = .024) contained more potentially clinically significant errors (severity score ≤3) for Haitian Creole than professional translations (8.3%). Professional Haitian Creole (48.3%) and Portuguese (43.3%), but not Spanish (15%), translations were most frequently preferred among translation sources. CONCLUSIONS: Machine translation platforms have comparable performance to professional translations for Spanish and Portuguese but shortcomings in quality, accuracy, and preference persist for Haitian Creole. Diverse multilingual training data are needed, along with regulations ensuring safe and equitable applications of machine translation in clinical practice.

Community-based participatory research and policy advocacy to reduce diesel exposure in West Oakland, California.

We conducted a multimethod case study analysis of a community-based participatory research partnership in West Oakland, California, and its efforts to study and address the neighborhood's disproportionate exposure to diesel air pollution. We employed 10 interviews with partners and policymakers, participant observation, and a review of documents. Results of the partnership's truck count and truck idling studies suggested substantial exposure to diesel pollution and were used by the partners and their allies to make the case for a truck route ordinance. Despite weak enforcement, the partnership's increased political visibility helped change the policy environment, with the community partner now heavily engaged in environmental decision-making on the local and regional levels. Finally, we discussed implications for research, policy, and practice.

First evidence of systemic infection and specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte immune response evoked by oral infection with recombinant Salmonella entérica serovar Albany-Ovalbumin in C57BL/6 mice / Primera evidencia de infección sistémica y respuesta inmune celular citotóxicaespecífica evocada por la infección oral en ratones C57BL/6 con Salmonella entericaserovar Albany-Ovoalbúmina recombinante

Abstract Our group isolated Salmonella enterica serovar Albany from food and feces of wildcaptive carnivores in a zoo from northwestern Mexico. This serovar was also associated with thedeath of an ocelot (Leopardus pardalis) in the same zoo. Another group associated S. Albanywith the death of a human patient. It is due to this zoonotic potential that the in vivo study of thehost-S. Albany relationship is critical. The recombinant S. Albany-Ovalbumin (rSAO) strain wasused to analyze a murine oral infection and its specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response.Our results have shown for the first time that rSAO establishes a systemic infection and evokesepitope-specific lysis with a Th1-like cytokine profile in vivo.

Resumen Salmonella entérica serovar Albany fue aislada por nuestro grupo de investigación de alimentos contaminados y de heces de animales carnívoros en cautiverio en un zoológico del noroeste de México; posteriormente, se logró asociar a este serovar con la muerte de un ocelote (Leopardus pardalis), dentro de este mismo zoológico. Otro grupo de investigación asoció a este serovar con la muerte de un paciente. Es debido a este potencial zoonótico que el estudio in vivo de la relación hospedero-S. Albany es crítico. La cepa recombinante S. Albany-Ovoalbúmina (rSAO) fue utilizada para analizar la infección múrida, al igual que la respuesta inmune celular citotóxica específica. Nuestros resultados demuestran, por primera vez, que rSAO establece una infección sistémica y evoca lisis epítopo-específica con un perfil de citocinas tipo Th1 in vivo.

Health, occupational and environmental risks of emancipated migrant farmworker youth.

UNLABELLED: This study examines the perceptions of health, health seeking behavior, access to information and resources, work related hazards, substance abuse, and social support of emancipated migrant youth (EMY) who come to the United States without their families to work. METHODS: Semi-structured interviews were performed with EMY living without their families in Santa Clara County, California. Interviews were digitally recorded in Spanish, transcribed, translated into English, and analyzed by a five-person analysis team. RESULTS: Eleven interviews were conducted with 29 participants. Work was identified as the overarching priority of the EMY Their greatest concern was becoming sick and unable to work. They described their work environment as demanding and stressful, but felt obliged to work regardless of conditions. Alcohol and drug abuse were reported as prevalent problems. CONCLUSION: Emancipated migrant youth are a vulnerable population who have significant occupational stress, hazardous environmental exposures, social isolation, and drug/alcohol abuse.