Malaria and COVID-19 coinfection in a non-malaria-endemic area in Brazil.

Differential diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) from other febrile diseases is one of several challenges imposed by the pandemic. We present a case of severe malaria and COVID-19 coinfection in a non-malaria-endemic region. A 44-year-old female with malaise, fever, hypotension, jaundice, and enlarged liver and spleen was admitted to the intensive care unit. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR results for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 were positive. Rapid tests, microscopy, and quantitative PCR were positive for Plasmodium vivax. Cytokine storm profiles were identified. We could not determine whether the severe vivax malaria in our patient was triggered by COVID-19 coinfection.

Histological Alterations in Placentas of Pregnant Women with SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Single-Center Case Series.

This study aimed to investigate the histopathological changes associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection in placentas. A case series of anatomopathological analysis was conducted on the placentas of pregnant women with SARS-CoV-2 who delivered between March and December 2020 at Santo Amaro Hospital (HSA) in Salvador, Brazil. Out of the 29 placentas examined, the median weight was 423.0 (IQR: 385.0-521.0) g. Among them, 58.3% (n = 14) had inadequate weight relative to the newborn's weight. The histopathological findings revealed that 86.2% (n = 25) of the placentas had poorly defined lobes, and the fetal and maternal surface color was normal in 89.7% (n = 26) and 93.1% (n = 27), respectively. Additionally, 51.7% (n = 15) of the umbilical cords displayed hypercoiling. The most frequent microscopic finding was infarction, present in 35.3% (n = 6) of the cases, followed by 11.8% (n = 2) for each of chorioamnionitis, chronic villitis, focal perivillositis, and laminar necrosis. Analysis of the umbilical cords identified 23.5% (n = 4) cases of intervillous thrombosis, while amnion analysis showed 13.8% (n = 4) cases of squamous metaplasia. Extraplacental membrane examination revealed fibrin deposition in 93.1% (n = 27) of the cases, necrosis in 62.0% (n = 18), calcifications in 51.7% (n = 15), cysts in 37.9% (n = 11), neutrophilic exudate in 17.2% (n = 5), thrombosis in 13.7% (n = 4), and delayed placental maturation in 6.9% (n = 2). All analyzed placentas exhibited histopathological changes, primarily vascular and inflammatory, which indicate SARS-CoV-2 infection in term pregnancies. These alterations could be associated with impaired placental function, fetal growth restriction, preeclampsia, and prematurity. However, further prospective studies are required to validate the type, prevalence, and prognosis of each of these changes.

Comparison of factors associated with leukemia and lymphoma mortality in Brazil.

In the last decades, few epidemiological studies have discussed the mortality rates due to leukemia and lymphoma in Brazil. This study analyzes the evolution over time of the number of deaths due to leukemia and lymphoma in Brazil, between 2010 and 2016, considering the population's characteristics and spatial distribution. This is a retrospective epidemiological study based on data obtained in the Brazilian Health Informatics Department (DATASUS), associated with the quantitative population. We created choropleth maps and predictive models of mortality rates, using the incidence rate ratio (IRR) to measure the size of the effect. Leukemia had a 1.76 higher mortality rate than lymphoma. Leukemia mortality trends increased by 1.2% per year between 2010 and 2016. Regions with the lowest social inequality had higher mortality rates for both diseases. There was a difference between peaks with higher chances of death due to leukemia (> 60 years) and lymphoma (> 70 years). Older age, male, white, and South and Southeast regions were associated with higher mortality by leukemia or lymphoma.

Malaria and COVID-19 coinfection in a non-malaria-endemic area in Brazil

ABSTRACT Differential diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) from other febrile diseases is one of several challenges imposed by the pandemic. We present a case of severe malaria and COVID-19 coinfection in a non-malaria-endemic region. A 44-year-old female with malaise, fever, hypotension, jaundice, and enlarged liver and spleen was admitted to the intensive care unit. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR results for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 were positive. Rapid tests, microscopy, and quantitative PCR were positive for Plasmodium vivax. Cytokine storm profiles were identified. We could not determine whether the severe vivax malaria in our patient was triggered by COVID-19 coinfection.

Comparison of factors associated with leukemia and lymphoma mortality in Brazil / Comparação de fatores associados com a mortalidade por leucemia e linfoma no Brasil / Comparación de factores asociados a la mortalidad por leucemia y linfoma en Brasil

Abstract: In the last decades, few epidemiological studies have discussed the mortality rates due to leukemia and lymphoma in Brazil. This study analyzes the evolution over time of the number of deaths due to leukemia and lymphoma in Brazil, between 2010 and 2016, considering the population's characteristics and spatial distribution. This is a retrospective epidemiological study based on data obtained in the Brazilian Health Informatics Department (DATASUS), associated with the quantitative population. We created choropleth maps and predictive models of mortality rates, using the incidence rate ratio (IRR) to measure the size of the effect. Leukemia had a 1.76 higher mortality rate than lymphoma. Leukemia mortality trends increased by 1.2% per year between 2010 and 2016. Regions with the lowest social inequality had higher mortality rates for both diseases. There was a difference between peaks with higher chances of death due to leukemia (> 60 years) and lymphoma (> 70 years). Older age, male, white, and South and Southeast regions were associated with higher mortality by leukemia or lymphoma.

Resumo: Nas últimas décadas, poucos estudos epidemiológicos examinaram as taxas de mortalidade por leucemia e linfoma no Brasil. O presente estudo faz uma análise retrospectiva da evolução temporal do número de óbitos por leucemia e linfoma no Brasil entre 2010 e 2016, considerando as características e a distribuição espacial da população. O estudo epidemiológico utilizou dados do Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde (DATASUS), associados aos dados quantitativos da população. Foram elaborados mapas coropléticos e modelos preditivos de taxas de mortalidade. Utilizamos a razão de taxas de incidência (RTI) como medida do tamanho do efeito. A leucemia mostrou uma taxa de mortalidade 1,76 vez mais elevada que os linfomas. A mortalidade por leucemia aumentou 1,2% por ano entre 2010 e 2016. As regiões com menor desigualdade social mostraram taxas de mortalidade mais altas para ambas doenças. Houve uma diferença entre os picos, com chances mais altas de morrer por leucemia (> 60 anos) e por linfoma (> 70 anos). Idade mais avançada, sexo masculino, cor branca e regiões Sul e Sudeste estiveram associados a taxas de mortalidade mais altas por leucemia ou linfoma.

Resumen: En las últimas décadas, pocos estudios epidemiológicos han analizado las tasas de mortalidad causadas por leucemia y linfoma en Brasil. Este estudio analiza, retrospectivamente, la evolución temporal del número de muertes, debidas a la leucemia y linfoma en Brasil, entre 2010 y 2016, considerando las características de la población y su distribución espacial. Este es un estudio epidemiológico, basado en los datos obtenidos del Departamento de Informática del Sistema Único de Salud (DATASUS), asociado con población cuantitativa. Se elaboraron mapas coropléticos y modelos predictivos de tasas de mortalidad. Usamos la razón de tasas de incidencia (RTI) como medida del tamaño del efecto. La leucemia tuvo una tasa de mortalidad un 1,76 mayor que los linfomas. Las tendencias de mortalidad por leucemia se incrementaron en un 1,2% al año entre 2010 and 2016. Las regiones con la desigualdad social más baja contaron con unas tasas de mortalidad más altas en ambas enfermedades. Había una diferencia entre los picos con mayores oportunidades de muerte debido a la leucemia (> 60 años) y linfoma (> 70 años). Contar con una avanzada edad, género masculino, autodeclarado blanco y procedente de las regiones Sur y Sudeste estuvieron relacionados con una mortalidad más alta a causa de leucemia o linfoma.