[Sugar transport regulation in vitro by new calcium ionophores]. / Reguliatsiia transporta sakharov in vitro novymi kal'tsievymi ionoforami.

The influence of calcium ionophores--tenoyltrifluoroacetate (TTFA) and divaleryldibenzo-18-crown-6(divaleryl) on the glucose consumption, D-xylose transport and glycogen content in rat diaphragm was studied. TTFA caused a clear dose-dependent inhibition of carbohydrate transport and glycogenolysis stimulation. Divaleryl, on the other hand, raised glucose consumption, D-xylose transport without influencing glycogen content. Exclusion of Ca++ from incubation medium increased the TTFA inhibiting effect on glucose consumption, decreased its glycogenolytic effect and removed divaleryl induced stimulation of glucose transport. Mechanisms of calcium ionophore action and a possible role of intracellular Ca2+ in carbohydrate transport are discussed.

[Activity and stability of liver mitochondrial membrane polyenzyme systems in chronic allergic ulcerative colitis]. / Aktivnost' i stabil'nost' polifermentnykh sistem membran mitokhondrii pecheni pri khronicheskom allergicheskom iazvennom kolite.

Activity of NADH-, succinate- and cytochrome c oxidase systems of respiratory chain from rat liver mitochondrial membranes was studied in animals with various type of liver impairment under conditions of chronic allergic ulcerous colitis. Activity of the polyenzymatic systems did not exhibit marked differences as compared with the controls in fatty and chronic dystrophy but the activity was considerably increased if chronic dystrophy progressed and hepatitis developed. In chronic allergic ulcerous colitis resistance of the polyenzymatic oxidase systems to heat treatment was decreased in liver mitochondrial membranes. Under conditions of the pathology proteins and phospholipids from mitochondrial membranes were especially sensitive to the effect of trypsin and phospholipase; the rate of reactions correlated well with the severity of the liver impairment. Development of latent impairments in liver mitochondrial membranes was shown to depend on the severity of the pathological process.

[Decreased tissue sensitivity to insulin in rats after hydrocortisone or indomethacin administration: the association with prostaglandin action]. / Snizhenie tkanevoi chuvstvitel'nosti insulinu u krys posle vvedeniia gidrokortizona ili indometatsina, sviaz's s deistviem prostaglandinov.

Hydrocortisone or indomethacin injection to rats induces insulin hyposensitivity determined by the glycemic curve after insulin injection and by the glycogen content in the diaphragm and gastrocnemius muscle following incubation of these tissues with glucose and insulin. It is suggested that the effect of the drugs is caused by their ability to inhibit the biosynthesis of prostaglandins, which enhance the rate of glucose transport to cells. To study this problem to diaphragmatic and uterine tissues of healthy rats were incubated with prostaglandins E2 or F2 alpha in the presence of insulin and glucose. An increase in the tissue glucose absorption from the medium was observed under prostaglandin action. Therefore, one of the reasons for a decrease of the tissue sensitivity to insulin may lie in the inhibited prostaglandin biosynthesis in the tissues.

[Pathogenetic relationship between insulin resistance, insulin secretion and impaired glucose tolerance in patients with obesity]. / Patogeneticheskaia sviaz' mezhdu insulinrezistentnost'iu, sekretsiei insulina i narusheniem tolerantnosti k gliukoze u bol'nykh ozhireniem.

The distribution of obese patients without diabetes based on the results of the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) made it possible to define 2 groups of patients: with normal (the 1st group) and disturbed (the 2nd group) OGTT. A moderate increase in the levels of insulin and C-peptide after GTT and almost unchanged sensitivity to insulin were observed in the 1st group. A considerable increase in the levels of insulin and C-peptide after glucose intake and a considerable decrease in the sensitivity to insulin were observed in the 2nd group. In obese patients with diabetes mellitus the levels of insulin and C-peptide after the GTT were significantly lower than those in the 1st and 2nd groups. A conclusion has been made that whereas certain stages of pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus in obesity are associated with hyperinsulinemia and GTT disorder, obvious diabetes mellitus is characterized by a decrease in secretory potentialities of the insular apparatus in parallel with glucose intolerance.

[Exocrine function of the pancreas under the effect of different doses of hexachlorocyclohexane]. / Ekzosekretornaia funktsiia podzheludochnoi zhelezy pri vozdeistvii razlichnykh doz geksakhlortsiklogeksana.

Experiments conducted on albino rats poisoned with different doses of hexachlorocyclohexane (HCCH) demonstrated that large doses of this compound (1/3 DL50) following their single introduction were capable of inhibiting the secretion of the amylase, lipase, and proteases of the pancreas. Of a prolonged action of relatively small doses of HCCH (1/20 and 1/50 DL50) is characteristic an initial inhibition and subsequent stimulation of the exosecretory function of the pancreas. A definite inverse relation between the amount of the introduced HCCH dose and the duration of the pancreatic inhibition period was noted.

[Inhibition of gluconeogenesis in the kidneys by a cytoplasmic regulator of mitochondrial membrane permeability]. / Tormozhenie gliukoneogeneza v pochkakh tsitoplazmaticheskim reguliatorom pronitsaemosti membrany mitokhondrii.

Cytoplasmatic glycoprotein previously shown to be an inhibitor of mitochondrial membrane permeability for oxidation substrates inhibits in-vitro gluconeogenesis from pyruvate, lactate, succinate, alpha-ketoglutarate and glutamate in slices of the renal cortical layer. The inhibition was reduced with Ca2+ concentration increase in the incubation medium from 0.02 to 2 mM.

[Incidence of decreased insulin sensitivity in obese patients]. / Issledovanie chastoty snizheniia chuvstvitel'nosti k insulinu u bol'nykh ozhireniem.

A method has been presented for the detection of organism sensitivity to insulin, involving simultaneous administration of insulin (intravenously) and the solution of partially hydrolized starch (orally), followed by the determination of the blood sugar level after 1 and 2 hours. By means of this method sensitivity to insulin was established in 55 patients with obesity and 16 healthy humans. It was found that sensitivity to insulin among patients with obesity of the I-III stages is lowered in 33% of cases and in subjects with the IV stage of the disease in 62%. The results of the determination of sensitivity to exogenous insulin correlate with IRI level in these patients.