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1.
Cell ; 185(8): 1373-1388.e20, 2022 04 14.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35381199

RESUMEN

Systemic sclerosis (scleroderma, SSc) is an incurable autoimmune disease with high morbidity and mortality rates. Here, we conducted a population-scale single-cell genomic analysis of skin and blood samples of 56 healthy controls and 97 SSc patients at different stages of the disease. We found immune compartment dysfunction only in a specific subtype of diffuse SSc patients but global dysregulation of the stromal compartment, particularly in a previously undefined subset of LGR5+-scleroderma-associated fibroblasts (ScAFs). ScAFs are perturbed morphologically and molecularly in SSc patients. Single-cell multiome profiling of stromal cells revealed ScAF-specific markers, pathways, regulatory elements, and transcription factors underlining disease development. Systematic analysis of these molecular features with clinical metadata associates specific ScAF targets with disease pathogenesis and SSc clinical traits. Our high-resolution atlas of the sclerodermatous skin spectrum will enable a paradigm shift in the understanding of SSc disease and facilitate the development of biomarkers and therapeutic strategies.


Asunto(s)
Esclerodermia Sistémica , Células Cultivadas , Fibroblastos/metabolismo , Fibrosis , Humanos , Receptores Acoplados a Proteínas G/genética , Receptores Acoplados a Proteínas G/metabolismo , Esclerodermia Sistémica/tratamiento farmacológico , Esclerodermia Sistémica/genética , Piel/metabolismo
2.
Immunity ; 48(5): 951-962.e5, 2018 05 15.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29768178

RESUMEN

Natural killer cells (NKs) are abundant in the human decidua, regulating trophoblast invasion and angiogenesis. Several diseases of poor placental development are associated with first pregnancies, so we thus looked to characterize differences in decidual NKs (dNKs) in first versus repeated pregnancies. We discovered a population found in repeated pregnancies, which has a unique transcriptome and epigenetic signature, and is characterized by high expression of the receptors NKG2C and LILRB1. We named these cells Pregnancy Trained decidual NK cells (PTdNKs). PTdNKs have open chromatin around the enhancers of IFNG and VEGFA. Activation of PTdNKs led to increased production and secretion of IFN-γ and VEGFα, with the latter supporting vascular sprouting and tumor growth. The precursors of PTdNKs seem to be found in the endometrium. Because repeated pregnancies are associated with improved placentation, we propose that PTdNKs, which are present primarily in repeated pregnancies, might be involved in proper placentation.


Asunto(s)
Memoria Inmunológica/inmunología , Células Asesinas Naturales/inmunología , Transcriptoma/inmunología , Útero/inmunología , Animales , Línea Celular Tumoral , Decidua/inmunología , Decidua/metabolismo , Femenino , Humanos , Interferón gamma/inmunología , Interferón gamma/metabolismo , Células Asesinas Naturales/metabolismo , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Ratones SCID , Ratones Transgénicos , Embarazo , Útero/citología , Factor A de Crecimiento Endotelial Vascular/inmunología , Factor A de Crecimiento Endotelial Vascular/metabolismo
3.
Immunity ; 42(2): 344-355, 2015 Feb 17.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25680274

RESUMEN

Bacteria, such as Fusobacterium nucleatum, are present in the tumor microenvironment. However, the immunological consequences of intra-tumoral bacteria remain unclear. Here, we have shown that natural killer (NK) cell killing of various tumors is inhibited in the presence of various F. nucleatum strains. Our data support that this F. nucleatum-mediated inhibition is mediated by human, but not by mouse TIGIT, an inhibitory receptor present on all human NK cells and on various T cells. Using a library of F. nucleatum mutants, we found that the Fap2 protein of F. nucleatum directly interacted with TIGIT, leading to the inhibition of NK cell cytotoxicity. We have further demonstrated that tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes expressed TIGIT and that T cell activities were also inhibited by F. nucleatum via Fap2. Our results identify a bacterium-dependent, tumor-immune evasion mechanism in which tumors exploit the Fap2 protein of F. nucleatum to inhibit immune cell activity via TIGIT.


Asunto(s)
Adenocarcinoma/inmunología , Adenocarcinoma/microbiología , Neoplasias del Colon/inmunología , Neoplasias del Colon/microbiología , Fusobacterium nucleatum/inmunología , Receptores Inmunológicos/inmunología , Escape del Tumor/inmunología , Microambiente Tumoral/inmunología , Animales , Proteínas de la Membrana Bacteriana Externa/inmunología , Línea Celular , Proliferación Celular , Humanos , Células Asesinas Naturales/inmunología , Linfocitos Infiltrantes de Tumor/inmunología , Ratones , Unión Proteica
4.
Nat Immunol ; 11(2): 121-8, 2010 Feb.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20023661

RESUMEN

The mechanism of action of natural killer (NK) cells in type 1 diabetes is still unknown. Here we show that the activating receptor NKp46 recognizes mouse and human ligands on pancreatic beta cells. NK cells appeared in the pancreas when insulitis progressed to type 1 diabetes, and NKp46 engagement by beta cells led to degranulation of NK cells. NKp46-deficient mice had less development of type 1 diabetes induced by injection of a low dose of streptozotocin. Injection of soluble NKp46 proteins into nonobese diabetic mice during the early phase of insulitis and the prediabetic stage prevented the development of type 1 diabetes. Our findings demonstrate that NKp46 is essential for the development of type 1 diabetes and highlight potential new therapeutic modalities for this disease.


Asunto(s)
Autoantígenos/inmunología , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/inmunología , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/inmunología , Receptor 1 Gatillante de la Citotoxidad Natural/inmunología , Animales , Antígenos Ly/genética , Antígenos Ly/inmunología , Antígenos Ly/metabolismo , Autoantígenos/genética , Autoantígenos/metabolismo , Degranulación de la Célula/inmunología , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/genética , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/metabolismo , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/genética , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/metabolismo , Progresión de la Enfermedad , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática , Femenino , Citometría de Flujo , Técnica del Anticuerpo Fluorescente , Humanos , Inmunohistoquímica , Células Secretoras de Insulina/inmunología , Células Secretoras de Insulina/metabolismo , Células Secretoras de Insulina/patología , Células Asesinas Naturales/inmunología , Células Asesinas Naturales/metabolismo , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos NOD , Receptor 1 Gatillante de la Citotoxidad Natural/genética , Receptor 1 Gatillante de la Citotoxidad Natural/metabolismo
5.
Nat Immunol ; 9(9): 1065-73, 2008 Sep.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18677316

RESUMEN

MICA and MICB are stress-induced ligands recognized by the activating receptor NKG2D. A microRNA encoded by human cytomegalovirus downregulates MICB expression by targeting a specific site in the MICB 3' untranslated region. As this site is conserved among different MICB alleles and a similar site exists in the MICA 3' untranslated region, we speculated that these sites are targeted by cellular microRNAs. Here we identified microRNAs that bound to these MICA and MICB 3' untranslated region sequences and obtained data suggesting that these microRNAs maintain expression of MICA and MICB protein under a certain threshold and facilitate acute upregulation of MICA and MICB during cellular stress. These microRNAs were overexpressed in various tumors and we demonstrate here that they aided tumor avoidance of immune recognition.


Asunto(s)
Antígenos de Histocompatibilidad Clase I/metabolismo , MicroARNs/fisiología , Receptores Inmunológicos/metabolismo , Estrés Fisiológico/inmunología , Antígenos de Superficie/metabolismo , Línea Celular , Vectores Genéticos , Antígenos de Histocompatibilidad Clase I/química , Humanos , MicroARNs/inmunología , Subfamilia K de Receptores Similares a Lectina de Células NK , Receptores de Células Asesinas Naturales , Estrés Fisiológico/genética , Estrés Fisiológico/metabolismo
6.
PLoS Pathog ; 9(8): e1003568, 2013 Aug.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23966863

RESUMEN

Natural killer (NK) cells are innate immune cells able to rapidly kill virus-infected and tumor cells. Two NK cell populations are found in the blood; the majority (90%) expresses the CD16 receptor and also express the CD56 protein in intermediate levels (CD56(Dim) CD16(Pos)) while the remaining 10% are CD16 negative and express CD56 in high levels (CD56(Bright) CD16(Neg)). NK cells also reside in some tissues and traffic to various infected organs through the usage of different chemokines and chemokine receptors. Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is a human virus that has developed numerous sophisticated and versatile strategies to escape the attack of immune cells such as NK cells. Here, we investigate whether the KSHV derived cytokine (vIL-6) and chemokines (vMIP-I, vMIP-II, vMIP-III) affect NK cell activity. Using transwell migration assays, KSHV infected cells, as well as fusion and recombinant proteins, we show that out of the four cytokine/chemokines encoded by KSHV, vMIP-II is the only one that binds to the majority of NK cells, affecting their migration. We demonstrate that vMIP-II binds to two different receptors, CX3CR1 and CCR5, expressed by naïve CD56(Dim) CD16(Pos) NK cells and activated NK cells, respectively. Furthermore, we show that the binding of vMIP-II to CX3CR1 and CCR5 blocks the binding of the natural ligands of these receptors, Fractalkine (Fck) and RANTES, respectively. Finally, we show that vMIP-II inhibits the migration of naïve and activated NK cells towards Fck and RANTES. Thus, we present here a novel mechanism in which KSHV uses a unique protein that antagonizes the activity of two distinct chemokine receptors to inhibit the migration of naïve and activated NK cells.


Asunto(s)
Fármacos Anti-VIH/farmacología , Antagonistas de los Receptores CCR5 , Movimiento Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Quimiocinas/farmacología , Herpesvirus Humano 8/química , Células Asesinas Naturales/efectos de los fármacos , Receptores de Quimiocina/antagonistas & inhibidores , Receptor 1 de Quimiocinas CX3C , Células Cultivadas , Quimiocina CCL5/metabolismo , Quimiocina CX3CL1/metabolismo , Citocinas/genética , Citocinas/metabolismo , Humanos , Immunoblotting , Interleucina-6 , Células Asesinas Naturales/citología , Células Asesinas Naturales/metabolismo , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa , Receptores CCR5/genética , Receptores CCR5/metabolismo , Receptores de Quimiocina/genética , Receptores de Quimiocina/metabolismo
7.
PLoS Pathog ; 8(3): e1002601, 2012.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22457623

RESUMEN

Periodontitis is a common human chronic inflammatory disease that results in the destruction of the tooth attachment apparatus and tooth loss. Although infections with periopathogenic bacteria such as Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) and Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum) are essential for inducing periodontitis, the nature and magnitude of the disease is determined by the host's immune response. Here, we investigate the role played by the NK killer receptor NKp46 (NCR1 in mice), in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. Using an oral infection periodontitis model we demonstrate that following F. nucleatum infection no alveolar bone loss is observed in mice deficient for NCR1 expression, whereas around 20% bone loss is observed in wild type mice and in mice infected with P. gingivalis. By using subcutaneous chambers inoculated with F. nucleatum we demonstrate that immune cells, including NK cells, rapidly accumulate in the chambers and that this leads to a fast and transient, NCR1-dependant TNF-α secretion. We further show that both the mouse NCR1 and the human NKp46 bind directly to F. nucleatum and we demonstrate that this binding is sensitive to heat, to proteinase K and to pronase treatments. Finally, we show in vitro that the interaction of NK cells with F. nucleatum leads to an NCR1-dependent secretion of TNF-α. Thus, the present study provides the first evidence that NCR1 and NKp46 directly recognize a periodontal pathogen and that this interaction influences the outcome of F. nucleatum-mediated periodontitis.


Asunto(s)
Antígenos Ly/inmunología , Fusobacterium nucleatum/inmunología , Células Asesinas Naturales/inmunología , Receptor 1 Gatillante de la Citotoxidad Natural/inmunología , Periodontitis/inmunología , Animales , Células Cultivadas , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Interacciones Huésped-Patógeno , Células Asesinas Naturales/metabolismo , Ratones , Ratones Noqueados , Periodontitis/patología , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/metabolismo
8.
Blood ; 120(19): 3915-24, 2012 Nov 08.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22983444

RESUMEN

Recent evidence suggests that kindlin-3 is a major coactivator, required for most, if not all, integrin activities. Here we studied the function of kindlin-3 in regulating NK cell activation by studying a patient with kindlin-3 deficiency (leukocyte adhesion deficiency-III). We found that kindlin-3 is required for NK cell migration and adhesion under shear force. Surprisingly, we also found that kindlin-3 lowers the threshold for NK cell activation. Loss of kindlin-3 has a pronounced effect on NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity triggered by single activating receptors. In contrast, for activation through multiple receptors, kindlin-3 deficiency is overcome and target cells killed. The realization that NK cell activity is impaired, but not absent in leukocyte adhesion deficiency, may lead to the development of more efficient therapy for this rare disease.


Asunto(s)
Células Asesinas Naturales/inmunología , Células Asesinas Naturales/metabolismo , Síndrome de Deficiencia de Adhesión del Leucocito/inmunología , Síndrome de Deficiencia de Adhesión del Leucocito/metabolismo , Proteínas de la Membrana/deficiencia , Proteínas de Neoplasias/deficiencia , Actinas/química , Actinas/metabolismo , Adhesión Celular/genética , Adhesión Celular/inmunología , Movimiento Celular/genética , Movimiento Celular/inmunología , Células Cultivadas , Codón de Terminación , Citotoxicidad Inmunológica , Genotipo , Humanos , Síndrome de Deficiencia de Adhesión del Leucocito/genética , Proteínas de la Membrana/genética , Proteínas de la Membrana/metabolismo , Mutación , Subfamilia K de Receptores Similares a Lectina de Células NK/metabolismo , Proteínas de Neoplasias/genética , Proteínas de Neoplasias/metabolismo , Linaje , Multimerización de Proteína , Transporte de Proteínas , Receptores de IgG/inmunología , Receptores de IgG/metabolismo , Receptores de Células Asesinas Naturales/inmunología , Receptores de Células Asesinas Naturales/metabolismo , Resistencia al Corte
9.
J Immunol ; 188(6): 2509-15, 2012 Mar 15.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22308311

RESUMEN

NK cells employ a variety of activating receptors to kill virally infected and tumor cells. Prominent among these receptors are the natural cytotoxicity receptors (NCRs) (NKp30, NKp44, and NKp46), of which only NKp46 has a mouse ortholog (NCR1). The tumor ligand(s) of NKp46/NCR1 is still unknown, but it was shown that the human NKp46 and the mouse NCR1 are involved in tumor eradication both in vitro and in vivo. Whether any of the NK activating receptors is involved in the prevention of tumor metastasis is unknown. To address this question, we studied the activity of the NK cell receptor NKp46/NCR1 in two spontaneous metastasis models, the B16F10.9 melanoma (B16) and the Lewis lung carcinoma (D122) in the NCR1 knockout mouse that was generated by our group, in various in vitro and in vivo assays. We demonstrated that all B16 and D122 tumors, including those generated in vivo, express an unknown ligand(s) for NKp46/NCR1. We have characterized the properties of the NKp46/NCR1 ligand(s) and demonstrated that NKp46/NCR1 is directly involved in the killing of B16 and D122 cells. Importantly, we showed in vivo that NKp46/NCR1 plays an important role in controlling B16 and D122 metastasis. Thus, to our knowledge, in this study we provide the first evidence for the direct involvement of a specific NK killer receptor in preventing tumor metastasis.


Asunto(s)
Antígenos Ly/inmunología , Receptor 1 Gatillante de la Citotoxidad Natural/inmunología , Animales , Antígenos Ly/genética , Antígenos Ly/metabolismo , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Lewis , Separación Celular , Citotoxicidad Inmunológica/inmunología , Citometría de Flujo , Células Asesinas Naturales/inmunología , Células Asesinas Naturales/metabolismo , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Ratones Noqueados , Receptor 1 Gatillante de la Citotoxidad Natural/genética , Receptor 1 Gatillante de la Citotoxidad Natural/metabolismo , Invasividad Neoplásica/genética , Metástasis de la Neoplasia/prevención & control
10.
Nat Cancer ; 5(5): 742-759, 2024 May.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38429414

RESUMEN

Successful immunotherapy relies on triggering complex responses involving T cell dynamics in tumors and the periphery. Characterizing these responses remains challenging using static human single-cell atlases or mouse models. To address this, we developed a framework for in vivo tracking of tumor-specific CD8+ T cells over time and at single-cell resolution. Our tools facilitate the modeling of gene program dynamics in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and the tumor-draining lymph node (tdLN). Using this approach, we characterize two modes of anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) activity, decoupling induced differentiation of tumor-specific activated precursor cells from conventional type 1 dendritic cell (cDC1)-dependent proliferation and recruitment to the TME. We demonstrate that combining anti-PD-1 therapy with anti-4-1BB agonist enhances the recruitment and proliferation of activated precursors, resulting in tumor control. These data suggest that effective response to anti-PD-1 therapy is dependent on sufficient influx of activated precursor CD8+ cells to the TME and highlight the importance of understanding system-level dynamics in optimizing immunotherapies.


Asunto(s)
Linfocitos T CD8-positivos , Inmunoterapia , Microambiente Tumoral , Animales , Ratones , Inmunoterapia/métodos , Linfocitos T CD8-positivos/inmunología , Linfocitos T CD8-positivos/efectos de los fármacos , Microambiente Tumoral/inmunología , Humanos , Neoplasias/inmunología , Neoplasias/terapia , Neoplasias/tratamiento farmacológico , Receptor de Muerte Celular Programada 1/antagonistas & inhibidores , Inhibidores de Puntos de Control Inmunológico/farmacología , Inhibidores de Puntos de Control Inmunológico/uso terapéutico , Células Dendríticas/inmunología , Células Dendríticas/efectos de los fármacos , Línea Celular Tumoral
11.
J Immunol ; 187(6): 3096-103, 2011 Sep 15.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21849674

RESUMEN

Type 1 diabetes is an incurable disease that is currently treated by insulin injections or in rare cases by islet transplantation. We have recently shown that NKp46, a major killer receptor expressed by NK cells, recognizes an unknown ligand expressed by ß cells and that in the absence of NKp46, or when its activity is blocked, diabetes development is inhibited. In this study, we investigate whether NKp46 is involved in the killing of human ß cells that are intended to be used for transplantation, and we also thoroughly characterize the interaction between NKp46 and its human and mouse ß cell ligands. We show that human ß cells express an unknown ligand for NKp46 and are killed in an NKp46-dependent manner. We further demonstrate that the expression of the NKp46 ligand is detected on human ß cells already at the embryonic stage and that it appears on murine ß cells only following birth. Because the NKp46 ligand is detected on healthy ß cells, we wondered why type 1 diabetes does not develop in all individuals and show that NK cells are absent from the vicinity of islets of healthy mice and are detected in situ in proximity with ß cells in NOD mice. We also investigate the molecular mechanisms controlling NKp46 interactions with its ß cell ligand and demonstrate that the recognition is confined to the membrane proximal domain and stalk region of NKp46 and that two glycosylated residues of NKp46, Thr(125) and Asn(216), are critical for this recognition.


Asunto(s)
Citotoxicidad Inmunológica/inmunología , Células Secretoras de Insulina/inmunología , Células Asesinas Naturales/inmunología , Receptor 1 Gatillante de la Citotoxidad Natural/química , Receptor 1 Gatillante de la Citotoxidad Natural/inmunología , Animales , Sitios de Unión , Separación Celular , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/inmunología , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/metabolismo , Citometría de Flujo , Técnica del Anticuerpo Fluorescente , Humanos , Inmunohistoquímica , Células Secretoras de Insulina/metabolismo , Células Asesinas Naturales/metabolismo , Ligandos , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos NOD , Receptor 1 Gatillante de la Citotoxidad Natural/metabolismo , Unión Proteica
12.
Gut ; 61(6): 885-93, 2012 Jun.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22198715

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Liver fibrosis, which involves activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSC), is a major health problem and is the end outcome of all chronic liver diseases. The liver is populated with lymphocytes, among which are natural killer (NK) cells, whose activity is controlled by inhibitory and activating receptors. NKp46, one of the major NK activating receptors expressed by NK cells, is also a specific NK marker that discriminates NK cells from all other lymphocyte subsets. It recognises viral haemagglutinins and unknown cellular ligands. METHODS: The anti-fibrotic activity of the NKp46 receptor was assessed in vivo and in vitro using NKp46-deficient mice (NCR1(gfp/gfp)), the carbon tetrachloride model and in vitro NK killing assays. Primary murine and human HSC were stained for the expression of the NKp46 ligand using fusion proteins composed of the extracellular portions of the murine and human NKp46 receptors fused to human IgG1. RESULTS: It was shown that murine HSC express a ligand for the murine orthologue of the NKp46 receptor, NCR1. NCR1 inhibited liver fibrosis in vivo; in vitro, murine HSC were killed in an NCR1-dependent manner. In humans it was shown that human HSC also express a ligand for the human NKp46 receptor and that the killing of human HSC is NKp46 dependent. CONCLUSIONS: In addition to NKG2D, NKp46/NCR1 play an important role in inhibition of liver fibrosis. This suggests that fibrosis can be better controlled through the manipulation of NKp46 activity.


Asunto(s)
Células Estrelladas Hepáticas/fisiología , Cirrosis Hepática/fisiopatología , Receptor 1 Gatillante de la Citotoxidad Natural/fisiología , Animales , Antígenos Ly/fisiología , Humanos , Inmunoglobulinas/fisiología , Células Asesinas Naturales/fisiología , Masculino , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusión/fisiología
13.
Int J Rheum Dis ; 26(5): 965-967, 2023 May.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36599652

RESUMEN

We report the case of a 65 year old female patient, presenting with a combination of bilateral hearing loss, otalgia, and hyperacusis. Pure tone audiometry revealed mixed bilateral hearing loss. Conventional cranial imaging tests failed to show a significant brain pathology, but fat-suppressed T1-weighted gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging scan displayed a diffuse infiltrative skull base process, extending from the nasopharynx to the jugular fossa, and encasing the internal carotid artery. The latter findings, besides elevated inflammatory markers and a positive perinuclear anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (p-ANCA) led to the diagnosis of ANCA-associated vasculitis. Additional disease manifestations sequentially appeared, including a right peripheral nerve palsy, aortitis, hepatitis, peripheral neuropathy, and uveitis. Therapy with corticosteroids, azathioprine, and then cyclophosphamide brought no evident benefit, but rituximab led to impressive clinical and radiologic improvement.


Asunto(s)
Vasculitis Asociada a Anticuerpos Citoplasmáticos Antineutrófilos , Anticuerpos Anticitoplasma de Neutrófilos , Femenino , Humanos , Anciano , Pérdida Auditiva Bilateral , Vasculitis Asociada a Anticuerpos Citoplasmáticos Antineutrófilos/diagnóstico , Ciclofosfamida/uso terapéutico , Rituximab/uso terapéutico
14.
Cancer Discov ; 13(12): 2610-2631, 2023 12 12.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37756565

RESUMEN

Cancer mortality primarily stems from metastatic recurrence, emphasizing the urgent need for developing effective metastasis-targeted immunotherapies. To better understand the cellular and molecular events shaping metastatic niches, we used a spontaneous breast cancer lung metastasis model to create a single-cell atlas spanning different metastatic stages and regions. We found that premetastatic lungs are infiltrated by inflammatory neutrophils and monocytes, followed by the accumulation of suppressive macrophages with the emergence of metastases. Spatial profiling revealed that metastasis-associated immune cells were present in the metastasis core, with the exception of TREM2+ regulatory macrophages uniquely enriched at the metastatic invasive margin, consistent across both murine models and human patient samples. These regulatory macrophages (Mreg) contribute to the formation of an immune-suppressive niche, cloaking tumor cells from immune surveillance. Our study provides a compendium of immune cell dynamics across metastatic stages and niches, informing the development of metastasis-targeting immunotherapies. SIGNIFICANCE: Temporal and spatial single-cell analysis of metastasis stages revealed new players in modulating immune surveillance and suppression. Our study highlights distinct populations of TREM2 macrophages as modulators of the microenvironment in metastasis, and as the key immune determinant defining metastatic niches, pointing to myeloid checkpoints to improve therapeutic strategies. This article is featured in Selected Articles from This Issue, p. 2489.


Asunto(s)
Neoplasias de la Mama , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Ratones , Humanos , Animales , Femenino , Neoplasias de la Mama/genética , Neoplasias de la Mama/patología , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patología , Pulmón/patología , Macrófagos , Microambiente Tumoral , Metástasis de la Neoplasia/patología , Glicoproteínas de Membrana , Receptores Inmunológicos
15.
Nat Med ; 29(5): 1191-1200, 2023 05.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37106166

RESUMEN

Erythropoietin (Epo) is the master regulator of erythropoiesis and oxygen homeostasis. Despite its physiological importance, the molecular and genomic contexts of the cells responsible for renal Epo production remain unclear, limiting more-effective therapies for anemia. Here, we performed single-cell RNA and transposase-accessible chromatin (ATAC) sequencing of an Epo reporter mouse to molecularly identify Epo-producing cells under hypoxic conditions. Our data indicate that a distinct population of kidney stroma, which we term Norn cells, is the major source of endocrine Epo production in mice. We use these datasets to identify the markers, signaling pathways and transcriptional circuits characteristic of Norn cells. Using single-cell RNA sequencing and RNA in situ hybridization in human kidney tissues, we further provide evidence that this cell population is conserved in humans. These preliminary findings open new avenues to functionally dissect EPO gene regulation in health and disease and may serve as groundwork to improve erythropoiesis-stimulating therapies.


Asunto(s)
Anemia , Eritropoyetina , Animales , Humanos , Ratones , Anemia/genética , Eritropoyesis/genética , Eritropoyetina/genética , Riñón/metabolismo , ARN/metabolismo
16.
J Immunol ; 184(10): 5637-44, 2010 May 15.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20404273

RESUMEN

NK cells interact with a wide variety of hazardous cells including pathogen-infected and tumor cells. NKp46 is a specific NK killer receptor that recognizes various influenza hemagglutinins and unknown tumor ligands. It was recently shown that NKp46 plays a significant role in the in vivo eradication of tumor cells; however, the role played by NKp46 in vivo with regard to tumor development is still unclear. In this study, we used the 3-methylcholanthrene (MCA)-induced fibrosarcoma model in NKp46-deficient mice to test the NKp46 recognition of carcinogen-induced tumors. We show that although the rate of MCA-induced tumor formation was similar in the presence and in the absence of NKp46, the expression of its unknown ligands was NKp46 dependent. The unknown NKp46 ligands were nearly absent in tumors that originated in wild-type mice, whereas they were detected in tumors that originated in the NKp46-deficient mice. We demonstrate that the interactions between NKp46 and its MCA tumor-derived ligands lead to the secretion of IFN-gamma but not to the elimination of the MCA-derived tumor cells. In addition, we show that the in vivo growth of MCA-derived tumor cells expressing high levels of the NKp46 ligands is NKp46 and IFN-gamma dependent. Thus, we present in this study a novel NKp46-mediated mechanism of tumor editing.


Asunto(s)
Antígenos Ly/fisiología , Fibrosarcoma/inmunología , Fibrosarcoma/metabolismo , Vigilancia Inmunológica , Células Asesinas Naturales/inmunología , Células Asesinas Naturales/metabolismo , Receptor 1 Gatillante de la Citotoxidad Natural/fisiología , Animales , Antígenos Ly/genética , Antígenos Ly/metabolismo , Células COS , Línea Celular Tumoral , Células Cultivadas , Chlorocebus aethiops , Técnicas de Cocultivo , Fibrosarcoma/inducido químicamente , Fibrosarcoma/patología , Interferón gamma/metabolismo , Células Asesinas Naturales/patología , Ligandos , Metilcolantreno/farmacología , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Ratones Noqueados , Ratones Transgénicos , Receptor 1 Gatillante de la Citotoxidad Natural/deficiencia , Receptor 1 Gatillante de la Citotoxidad Natural/genética , Receptor 1 Gatillante de la Citotoxidad Natural/metabolismo , Escape del Tumor/inmunología
17.
APMIS ; 130(5): 270-275, 2022 May.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35218080

RESUMEN

We report a case of Staphylococcus warneri native valve endocarditis in an immunocompetent healthy adult, without known risk factors for infective endocarditis, two months following COVID-19 infection, who recovered with conservative treatment. Additionally, we reviewed previous cases of native valve endocarditis caused by Staphylococcus warneri and summarized the main clinical implications.


Asunto(s)
COVID-19 , Endocarditis Bacteriana , Endocarditis , Infecciones Estafilocócicas , Adulto , Válvula Aórtica , Endocarditis Bacteriana/diagnóstico , Endocarditis Bacteriana/tratamiento farmacológico , Humanos , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/tratamiento farmacológico , Staphylococcus
18.
Front Cell Infect Microbiol ; 12: 968739, 2022.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36118038

RESUMEN

Bladder cancer is the 4th leading cancer in men. Tumor resection followed by bladder instillation of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is the primary treatment for high-risk patients with Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer (NMIBC) to prevent recurrence and progression to muscle-invasive disease. This treatment, however, lacks efficiency and causes severe adverse effects. Mannose residues are expressed on bladder surfaces and their levels were indicated to be higher in bladder cancer. Intravesical instillations of a recombinant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) overexpressing the mannose-sensitive hemagglutination fimbriae (PA-MSHA), and of a mannose-specific lectin-drug conjugate showed efficiency against NMIBC in murine models of bladder cancer. Urothelial mannosylation facilitates bladder colonization by Uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) via the interaction with the FimH mannose lectin, positioned at the tip of type 1 fimbria. A recombinant BCG strain overexpressing FimH on its outer surface, exhibited higher attachment and internalization to bladder cancer cells and increased effectivity in treating bladder cancer in mice. Investigating the pattern of mannose expression in NMIBC is important for improving treatment. Here, using tissue microarrays containing multiple normal and cancerous bladder samples, and lectins, we confirm that human bladder cancer cells express high mannose levels. Using UPEC mutants lacking or overexpressing type 1 fimbria, we also demonstrate that tumor-induced hypermannosylation increases type 1 fimbria mediated UPEC attachment to human and mouse bladder cancer. Our results provide an explanation for the effectiveness of PA-MSHA and the FimH-overexpressing BCG and support the hypothesis that mannose-targeted therapy holds potential for improving bladder cancer treatment.


Asunto(s)
Mycobacterium bovis , Neoplasias de la Vejiga Urinaria , Escherichia coli Uropatógena , Animales , Vacuna BCG , Proteínas Fimbrias/metabolismo , Humanos , Lectinas , Manosa , Lectinas de Unión a Manosa , Ratones , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/metabolismo , Neoplasias de la Vejiga Urinaria/patología , Escherichia coli Uropatógena/genética , Escherichia coli Uropatógena/metabolismo
19.
J Virol ; 84(8): 3993-4001, 2010 Apr.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20130050

RESUMEN

Today, global attention is focused on two influenza virus strains: the current pandemic strain, swine origin influenza virus (H1N1-2009), and the highly pathogenic avian influenza virus, H5N1. At present, the infection caused by the H1N1-2009 is moderate, with mortality rates of less <1%. In contrast, infection with the H5N1 virus resulted in high mortality rates, and ca. 60% of the infected patients succumb to the infection. Thus, one of the world greatest concerns is that the H5N1 virus will evolve to allow an efficient human infection and human-to-human transmission. Natural killer (NK) cells are one of the innate immune components playing an important role in fighting against influenza viruses. One of the major NK activating receptors involved in NK cell cytotoxicity is NKp46. We previously demonstrated that NKp46 recognizes the hemagglutinin proteins of B and A influenza virus strains. Whether NKp46 could also interact with H1N1-2009 virus or with the avian influenza virus is still unknown. We analyzed the immunological properties of both the avian and the H1N1-2009 influenza viruses. We show that NKp46 recognizes the hemagglutinins of H1N1-2009 and H5 and that this recognition leads to virus killing both in vitro and in vivo. However, importantly, while the swine H1-NKp46 interactions lead to the direct killing of the infected cells, the H5-NKp46 interactions were unable to elicit direct killing, probably because the NKp46 binding sites for these two viruses are different.


Asunto(s)
Subtipo H1N1 del Virus de la Influenza A/inmunología , Subtipo H5N1 del Virus de la Influenza A/inmunología , Células Asesinas Naturales/inmunología , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Animales , Línea Celular , Supervivencia Celular , Células Cultivadas , Citotoxicidad Inmunológica , Glicoproteínas Hemaglutininas del Virus de la Influenza/metabolismo , Humanos , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Receptor 1 Gatillante de la Citotoxidad Natural/metabolismo , Infecciones por Orthomyxoviridae/inmunología , Infecciones por Orthomyxoviridae/virología , Unión Proteica
20.
Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol ; 106(3): 239-44, 2011 Mar.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21354026

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: FAS has been shown to be involved in the regulation of many immune processes by induction of cellular apoptosis. However, accumulated evidence shows that FAS signaling also exhibits nonapoptotic functions, such as induction of cell proliferation and differentiation. FAS is the only death receptor known to be expressed on murine mast cells (MCs). OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the role of FAS on murine MC maturation. METHODS: Mouse bone marrow-derived MCs (BMMCs) or peritoneal MCs were derived from FAS-deficient, FASlpr/lpr, and congenic wild-type strains. The MC degranulation and cytokine release after IgE activation was assessed by measuring ß-hexosaminidase, interleukin 13, and tumor necrosis factor α release. Transmission electron microscopy analysis was performed to evaluate the level of BMMC maturation. The surface markers and intracellular preformed mediators were measured as well. RESULTS: Our data reveal that FAS deficiency has an impact on IgE-dependent activation of BMMCs, resulting in a significant decrease in ß-hexosaminidase, interleukin 13, and tumor necrosis factor α release. The total content of preformed mediators (eg, tryptase and ß-hexosaminidase) was reduced in BMMCs derived from FAS-deficient mice. We also found that the level of FcεRI in peritoneal mast cells from FAS-deficient mice was significantly diminished. FAS deficiency also influenced the kinetics of BMMC maturation as was revealed by transmission electron microscopy analysis. CONCLUSION: Our data show that FAS has an impact on the regulation of mouse MC maturation in vitro.


Asunto(s)
Mastocitos/inmunología , Receptor fas/inmunología , Animales , Degranulación de la Célula/efectos de los fármacos , Degranulación de la Célula/inmunología , Femenino , Citometría de Flujo , Interleucina-13/análisis , Interleucina-13/inmunología , Mastocitos/ultraestructura , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Ratones Noqueados , Microscopía Electrónica de Transmisión , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/análisis , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/inmunología , beta-N-Acetilhexosaminidasas/análisis , beta-N-Acetilhexosaminidasas/inmunología
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