Estimating the prevalence of mental disorders in patients with newly diagnosed cancer in relation to socioeconomic status: a multicenter prospective observational study.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to provide the 4-week prevalence estimates of mental disorders in newly diagnosed cancer patients in relation to socioeconomic status (SES). PATIENTS AND METHODS: We enrolled newly diagnosed patients with a confirmed solid tumor within 2 months of diagnosis. We calculated patients' SES on the basis of their educational level, professional qualification, income and occupational status. We used the Structured Clinical Interview for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition-Clinical Version (SCID-5-CV) to assess the 4-week prevalence of mental disorders in addition to a comorbidity questionnaire to assess the level of physical impairment. RESULTS: We identified a total of 1702 patients with mixed cancers after reviewing their medical records and contacting them in person or by post due to coronavirus pandemic patient safety restrictions. 1030 patients (53.2% men, mean age 60.2 years) had completed SCID-5-CV. When weighted according to the SES distribution to account for over- and under-sampling of SES groups, 20.9% [95% confidence interval (CI) 18.1% to 23.6%] of patients were diagnosed with any mental disorder. The most prevalent were depressive disorders (9.9%, 95% CI 7.9% to 11.9%), trauma and stress-related disorders (6.3%, 95% CI 4.7% to 7.9%) and anxiety disorders (4.2%, 95% CI 2.9% to 5.6%). We found no difference in any mental disorder between patients with high, medium or low SES. Multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed higher proportion of patients with any mental disorder in patients younger than 60 years [odds ratio (OR) 0.42; P < 0.001], in patients without a partner (OR 1.84; P < 0.001), in women with tumor in female genital organs (OR 2.45; P < 0.002) and in those with a higher level of impairment (OR 1.05, 95% CI 1.03-1.07; P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: SES had no significant influence on mental comorbidity in early cancer survivorship.

Adaptive tuning of feedback gain in time-delayed feedback control.

We demonstrate that time-delayed feedback control can be improved by adaptively tuning the feedback gain. This adaptive controller is applied to the stabilization of an unstable fixed point and an unstable periodic orbit embedded in a chaotic attractor. The adaptation algorithm is constructed using the speed-gradient method of control theory. Our computer simulations show that the adaptation algorithm can find an appropriate value of the feedback gain for single and multiple delays. Furthermore, we show that our method is robust to noise and different initial conditions.

Delay stabilization of rotating waves near fold bifurcation and application to all-optical control of a semiconductor laser.

We consider the delayed feedback control method for stabilization of unstable rotating waves near a fold bifurcation. Theoretical analysis of a generic model and numerical bifurcation analysis of the rate-equations model demonstrate that such orbits can always be stabilized by a proper choice of control parameters. Our paper confirms the recently discovered invalidity of the so-called "odd-number limitation" of delayed feedback control. Previous results have been restricted to the vicinity of a subcritical Hopf bifurcation. We now refute such a limitation for rotating waves near a fold bifurcation. We include an application to all-optical realization of the control in three-section semiconductor lasers.

Beyond the odd number limitation: a bifurcation analysis of time-delayed feedback control.

We investigate the normal form of a subcritical Hopf bifurcation subjected to time-delayed feedback control. Bifurcation diagrams which cover time-dependent states as well are obtained by analytical means. The computations show that unstable limit cycles with an odd number of positive Floquet exponents can be stabilized by time-delayed feedback control, contrary to incorrect claims in the literature. The model system constitutes one of the few examples where a nonlinear time delay system can be treated entirely by analytical means.

Multiclustered chimeras in large semiconductor laser arrays with nonlocal interactions.

The dynamics of a large array of coupled semiconductor lasers is studied numerically for a nonlocal coupling scheme. Our focus is on chimera states, a self-organized spatiotemporal pattern of coexisting coherence and incoherence. In laser systems, such states have been previously found for global and nearest-neighbor coupling, mainly in small networks. The technological advantage of large arrays has motivated us to study a system of 200 nonlocally coupled lasers with respect to the emerging collective dynamics. Moreover, the nonlocal nature of the coupling allows us to obtain robust chimera states with multiple (in)coherent domains. The crucial parameters are the coupling strength, the coupling phase and the range of the nonlocal interaction. We find that multiclustered chimera states exist in a wide region of the parameter space and we provide quantitative characterization for the obtained spatiotemporal patterns. By proposing two different experimental setups for the realization of the nonlocal coupling scheme, we are confident that our results can be confirmed in the laboratory.

Control of unstable steady states by time-delayed feedback methods.

We show that time-delayed feedback methods, which have successfully been used to control unstable periodic orbits, provide a tool to stabilize unstable steady states. We present an analytical investigation of the feedback scheme using the Lambert function and discuss effects of both a low-pass filter included in the control loop and nonzero latency times associated with the generation and injection of the feedback signal.

Delay stabilization of periodic orbits in coupled oscillator systems.

We study diffusively coupled oscillators in Hopf normal form. By introducing a non-invasive delay coupling, we are able to stabilize the inherently unstable anti-phase orbits. For the super- and subcritical cases, we state a condition on the oscillator's nonlinearity that is necessary and sufficient to find coupling parameters for successful stabilization. We prove these conditions and review previous results on the stabilization of odd-number orbits by time-delayed feedback. Finally, we illustrate the results with numerical simulations.

Refuting the odd-number limitation of time-delayed feedback control.

We refute an often invoked theorem which claims that a periodic orbit with an odd number of real Floquet multipliers greater than unity can never be stabilized by time-delayed feedback control in the form proposed by Pyragas. Using a generic normal form, we demonstrate that the unstable periodic orbit generated by a subcritical Hopf bifurcation, which has a single real unstable Floquet multiplier, can in fact be stabilized. We derive explicit analytical conditions for the control matrix in terms of the amplitude and the phase of the feedback control gain, and present a numerical example. Our results are of relevance for a wide range of systems in physics, chemistry, technology, and life sciences, where subcritical Hopf bifurcations occur.

All-optical noninvasive control of unstable steady states in a semiconductor laser.

All-optical noninvasive control of a multisection semiconductor laser by means of time-delayed feedback from an external Fabry-Perot cavity is realized experimentally. A theoretical analysis, in both a generic model as well as a device-specific simulation, points out the role of the optical phase. Using phase-dependent feedback we demonstrate stabilization of the continuous-wave laser output and noninvasive suppression of intensity pulsations.