RESUMEN
Conservation professionals use language related to instrumental, intrinsic, and relational values when communicating about the importance of conservation, frequently in connection with ecosystem services. However, few researchers have examined whether messages that emphasize values associated with ecosystem services result in different policy-support or behavior-change outcomes among different audiences. We conducted a large-scale survey experiment with participants (n = 815) who resided in the United States and were recruited online via the survey platform Qualtrics. The experiment tested whether messages about watershed protection that emphasize instrumental, intrinsic, or relational values (as opposed to the information-only control message) resulted in differing support for policies or behavioral intentions related to watershed conservation. Respondents' personal characteristics had a stronger effect on conservation beliefs than the way values were framed (i.e., than treatments in the experiment). For example, income positively predicted policy support (ß = 0.07, 95% CI 0.02-0.12, p = 0.01, corrected p = 0.03). Instrumental messages decreased (SSG, tense) policy support among people who identified as politically liberal (ß = -0.75, 95% CI -1.19 to -0.30, p = 0.001, corrected p = 0.003). Over 40% of respondents selected relational values over other value types as the main reason to protect watersheds. Our results demonstrated that political orientation interacts with how the importance of conservation is framed in complex ways and that conservation practitioners might improve the effectiveness of their communications by incorporating relational values and tailoring messages to different audiences.
Aprendizajes de un Experimento con Mensajería Basada en Valores para Apoyar la Conservación de Cuencas Resumen Los profesionales de la conservación usan un lenguaje relacionado con los valores instrumentales, intrínsecos y de relación cuando comunican la importancia de la conservación, con frecuencia en relación con los servicios ambientales. Sin embargo, pocos investigadores han analizado si los mensajes que enfatizan los valores asociados con los servicios ambientales resultan en el respaldo a políticas diferentes o cambios en el comportamiento entre los diferentes públicos receptores. Realizamos un experimento de encuesta a gran escala con participantes (n = 815) residentes en los Estados Unidos reclutados mediante la plataforma en línea Qualtrics. El experimento evaluó si los mensajes sobre la protección de cuencas que resaltan los valores instrumentales, intrínsecos y de relación (contrario al mensaje-control de sólo información) llevaban a diferencias en el apoyo a las políticas o intenciones conductuales relacionadas con la conservación. Las características personales de los participantes tuvieron un efecto más importante sobre las creencias de la conservación que la manera en la que se estructuraron los valores (es decir, que los tratamientos en el experimento). Por ejemplo, el nivel de ingresos pronosticó positivamente el apoyo a las políticas (ß = 0.07, 95% CI 0.02 a 0.12, p = 0.01, corregido p = 0.03). Los mensajes instrumentales disminuyeron (SSG, tiempo) el apoyo a las políticas entre las personas identificadas como liberales políticamente (ß = −0.75, 95% CI −1.19 a −0.30, p = 0.001, corregido p = 0.003). Más de 40% de los participantes relacionaron los valores por encima de otros tipos de valores como la razón principal para proteger las cuencas. Nuestros resultados demostraron que la orientación política interactúa con cómo la importancia de la conservación se estructura de formas complejas y que quienes practican la conservación pueden incrementar la efectividad de sus comunicados si incorporan los valores de relación y ajustan los mensajes para diferentes públicos receptores.
Asunto(s)
Conservación de los Recursos Naturales , Ecosistema , Comunicación , Humanos , Intención , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Estados UnidosRESUMEN
A burgeoning and diverse field of study investigates the many aspects of human-nature relationships-what they mean for ecosystems, for human well-being, and for transformations toward sustainability. We explore an emerging concept in human-nature relationship research: perspective from nature, defined as the idea that nature helps people gain perspective on where they fit in the world and what is important (what some people call a "reality check"); in most cases, this involves a shift of attention beyond themselves and their particulars. We analyze responses to open-ended questions in a survey (n = 3204) focused on how residents of Vermont, USA, experienced nature during the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic. We identify 481 instances and six aspects of perspective from nature; ouranalysis deepens existing understandings of the concept. We connect perspective from nature to five emerging areas of study in global change research: the multiple values of nature, nature's mental health benefits, mindfulness, humility, and empathy. Perspective, this work suggests, is a construct that crosses multiple fields of study within human-nature relationships and offers potentially important insight into the role experience with nature may play in transitions toward sustainability. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11625-023-01339-8.
RESUMEN
The COVID-19 pandemic has rapidly modified Earth's social-ecological systems in many ways; here we study its impacts on human-nature interactions. We conducted an online survey focused on peoples' relationships with the non-human world during the pandemic and received valid responses from 3,204 adult residents of the state of Vermont (U.S.A.). We analyzed reported changes in outdoor activities and the values associated with human-nature relationships across geographic areas and demographic characteristics. We find that participation increased on average for some activities (foraging, gardening, hiking, jogging, photography and other art, relaxing alone, walking, and watching wildlife), and decreased for others (camping, relaxing with others). The values respondents ranked as more important during the pandemic factored into two groups, which we label as "Nurture and Recreation values" and "Inspiration and Nourishment values." Using multinomial logistic regression, we found that respondents' preferences for changes in activity engagement and value factors are statistically associated with some demographic characteristics, including geography, gender, income, and employment status during the pandemic. Our results suggest that nature may play an important role in coping during times of crisis, but that the specific interactions and associated values that people perceive as most important may vary between populations. Our findings emphasize for both emergency and natural resources planning the importance of understanding variation in how and why people interact with and benefit from nature during crises.