RESUMEN
In this Letter, the surname of author Lena Vlaminck was misspelled 'Vlaeminck'. In addition, author Kris Vleminckx should have been associated with affiliation 16 (Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium). These have been corrected online.
RESUMEN
The four R-spondin secreted ligands (RSPO1-RSPO4) act via their cognate LGR4, LGR5 and LGR6 receptors to amplify WNT signalling1-3. Here we report an allelic series of recessive RSPO2 mutations in humans that cause tetra-amelia syndrome, which is characterized by lung aplasia and a total absence of the four limbs. Functional studies revealed impaired binding to the LGR4/5/6 receptors and the RNF43 and ZNRF3 transmembrane ligases, and reduced WNT potentiation, which correlated with allele severity. Unexpectedly, however, the triple and ubiquitous knockout of Lgr4, Lgr5 and Lgr6 in mice did not recapitulate the known Rspo2 or Rspo3 loss-of-function phenotypes. Moreover, endogenous depletion or addition of exogenous RSPO2 or RSPO3 in triple-knockout Lgr4/5/6 cells could still affect WNT responsiveness. Instead, we found that the concurrent deletion of rnf43 and znrf3 in Xenopus embryos was sufficient to trigger the outgrowth of supernumerary limbs. Our results establish that RSPO2, without the LGR4/5/6 receptors, serves as a direct antagonistic ligand to RNF43 and ZNRF3, which together constitute a master switch that governs limb specification. These findings have direct implications for regenerative medicine and WNT-associated cancers.
Asunto(s)
Proteínas de Unión al ADN/antagonistas & inhibidores , Extremidades/embriología , Péptidos y Proteínas de Señalización Intercelular/metabolismo , Deformidades Congénitas de las Extremidades/genética , Receptores Acoplados a Proteínas G/metabolismo , Ubiquitina-Proteína Ligasas/antagonistas & inhibidores , Animales , Proteínas de Unión al ADN/metabolismo , Femenino , Fibroblastos , Técnicas de Inactivación de Genes , Células HEK293 , Humanos , Péptidos y Proteínas de Señalización Intercelular/genética , Masculino , Ratones , Proteínas Oncogénicas/antagonistas & inhibidores , Proteínas Oncogénicas/metabolismo , Fenotipo , Receptores Acoplados a Proteínas G/deficiencia , Ubiquitina-Proteína Ligasas/metabolismo , Xenopus/genéticaRESUMEN
Wnt signaling is critical for directing epithelial gland development within the uterine lining to ensure successful gestation in adults. Wnt-dependent, Lgr5-expressing stem/progenitor cells are essential for the development of glandular epithelia in the intestine and stomach, but their existence in the developing reproductive tract has not been investigated. Here, we employ Lgr5-2A-EGFP/CreERT2/DTR mouse models to identify Lgr5-expressing cells in the developing uterus and to evaluate their stem cell identity and function. Lgr5 is broadly expressed in the uterine epithelium during embryogenesis, but becomes largely restricted to the tips of developing glands after birth. In-vivo lineage tracing/ablation/organoid culture assays identify these gland-resident Lgr5high cells as Wnt-dependent stem cells responsible for uterine gland development. Adjacent Lgr5neg epithelial cells within the neonatal glands function as essential niche components to support the function of Lgr5high stem cells ex-vivo. These findings constitute a major advance in our understanding of uterine development and lay the foundations for investigating potential contributions of Lgr5+ stem/progenitor cells to uterine disorders.
Asunto(s)
Receptores Acoplados a Proteínas G/metabolismo , Células Madre , Útero/crecimiento & desarrollo , Proteínas Wnt/metabolismo , Animales , Linaje de la Célula , Endometrio/crecimiento & desarrollo , Femenino , Regulación del Desarrollo de la Expresión Génica , Ratones Transgénicos , Conductos Paramesonéfricos/citología , Organoides , Embarazo , Receptores Acoplados a Proteínas G/genética , Células Madre/citología , Células Madre/fisiología , Proteínas Wnt/genéticaRESUMEN
The daily renewal of the corpus epithelium is fuelled by adult stem cells residing within tubular glands, but the identity of these stem cells remains controversial. Lgr5 marks homeostatic stem cells and 'reserve' stem cells in multiple tissues. Here, we report Lgr5 expression in a subpopulation of chief cells in mouse and human corpus glands. Using a non-variegated Lgr5-2A-CreERT2 mouse model, we show by lineage tracing that Lgr5-expressing chief cells do not behave as corpus stem cells during homeostasis, but are recruited to function as stem cells to effect epithelial renewal following injury by activating Wnt signalling. Ablation of Lgr5+ cells severely impairs epithelial homeostasis in the corpus, indicating an essential role for these Lgr5+ cells in maintaining the homeostatic stem cell pool. We additionally define Lgr5+ chief cells as a major cell-of-origin of gastric cancer. These findings reveal clinically relevant insights into homeostasis, repair and cancer in the corpus.