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1.
Phys Rev Lett ; 126(1): 012002, 2021 Jan 08.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33480779

RESUMEN

We report the first measurement of coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering (CEvNS) on argon using a liquid argon detector at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory Spallation Neutron Source. Two independent analyses prefer CEvNS over the background-only null hypothesis with greater than 3σ significance. The measured cross section, averaged over the incident neutrino flux, is (2.2±0.7)×10^{-39} cm^{2}-consistent with the standard model prediction. The neutron-number dependence of this result, together with that from our previous measurement on CsI, confirms the existence of the CEvNS process and provides improved constraints on nonstandard neutrino interactions.

2.
Allergy ; 73(1): 137-144, 2018 Jan.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28686296

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Allergy can be diagnosed using basophil tests. Several methods measuring basophil activation are available. This study aimed at comparing basophil activation test (BAT), histamine release assay (HR), and passive sensitization histamine release assay (passive HR) in the diagnosis of peanut allergy. METHODS: BAT, HR, and passive HR were performed on 11 peanut-allergic and 14 nonallergic subjects. Blood was incubated with peanut extract or anti-IgE and tests were performed as follows: BAT-CD63 upregulation was assessed by flow cytometry; HR-released histamine was quantified by a glass fiber-based fluorometric method; passive HR-IgE-stripped donor basophils were incubated with participants' serum and histamine release was quantified as HR. RESULTS: CDsens, a measure of basophil allergen sensitivity, was significantly higher for BAT (80.1±17.4) compared to HR (23.4±10.31) and passive HR (11.1±2.0). BAT, HR, and passive HR had a clinical sensitivity of 100%, 100%, and 82% and specificity of 100%, 100%, and 100%, respectively, when excluding inconclusive results. BAT identified 11 of 11 allergic patients, HR 10, and passive HR 9. Likewise, BAT recognized 12 of 14 nonallergic subjects, HR 10, and passive HR 13. However, the tests' diagnostic performances were not statistically different. Interestingly, nonreleasers in HR but not in BAT had lower basophil count compared to releasers (249 vs 630 counts/min). CONCLUSION: BAT displayed a significantly higher CDsens compared to HR and passive HR. The basophil tests' diagnostic performances were not significantly different. Still, BAT could diagnose subjects with low basophil number in contrast to HR.


Asunto(s)
Basófilos/inmunología , Basófilos/metabolismo , Liberación de Histamina , Hipersensibilidad al Cacahuete/inmunología , Hipersensibilidad al Cacahuete/metabolismo , Adolescente , Adulto , Alérgenos/inmunología , Antígenos CD/metabolismo , Antígenos de Plantas/inmunología , Biomarcadores , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Femenino , Humanos , Inmunización , Inmunoglobulina E/sangre , Inmunoglobulina E/inmunología , Inmunofenotipificación , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Hipersensibilidad al Cacahuete/diagnóstico , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Pruebas Cutáneas , Adulto Joven
3.
Infect Dis Now ; 53(8): 104779, 2023 Oct.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37678512

RESUMEN

The COVID-19 pandemic has affected millions of people worldwide, and while the mortality rate remains the primary concern, it is becoming increasingly apparent that many COVID-19 survivors experience long-term sequelae, representing a major concern for both themselves and healthcare providers. Comparing long-term sequelae following COVID-19 to those of other respiratory viruses such as influenza, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-1 is an essential step toward understanding the extent and impact of these sequelae. A literature search was carried out using the PubMed. database. Search-terms included "persistent", "long-term", "chronic", and MeSH-terms for SARS-CoV-1, MERS-CoV and Influenza. Only English-language articles were selected. Articles were screened by title/abstract and full-text readings. Key points for comparison were persistent symptoms > 4 weeks, virus type, study design, population size, admission status, methods, and findings. Thirty-one articles were included: 19 on SARS-CoV-1, 10 on influenza, and 2 on MERS-CoV-survivors. Damage to the respiratory system was the main long-term manifestation after the acute phase of infection. Quality of life-related and psychological sequelae were the second and third most widely reported symptoms, respectively. Consistent with long-term sequelae from COVID-19, persisting cardiovascular, neurological, musculoskeletal, gastrointestinal impairments were also reported. In summary, the long-term sequelae following COVID-19 are a significant concern, and while long-term sequelae following influenza, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-1 have also been reported, their prevalence and severity are less clear. It is essential to continue to study and monitor the long-term effects of all respiratory viruses so as to improve our understanding and develop strategies for prevention and treatment.


Asunto(s)
COVID-19 , Gripe Humana , Coronavirus del Síndrome Respiratorio de Oriente Medio , Coronavirus Relacionado al Síndrome Respiratorio Agudo Severo , Humanos , COVID-19/complicaciones , Síndrome Post Agudo de COVID-19 , Gripe Humana/complicaciones , Gripe Humana/epidemiología , SARS-CoV-2 , Pandemias , Calidad de Vida
4.
J Biosoc Sci ; 42(2): 271-83, 2010 Mar.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19895727

RESUMEN

Understanding care-seeking practices and barriers to prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV is necessary in designing effective programmes to address the high disease burden due to HIV/AIDS in Uganda. This study explored perceptions, care-seeking practices and barriers to PMTCT among young and HIV-positive women. A household survey (10,706 women aged 14-49 years), twelve focus group discussions and 66 key informant interviews were carried out between January and April 2009 in Wakiso district, central Uganda. Results show that access to PMTCT services (family planning, HIV counselling and testing and delivery at health units) was poor. Decision making was an important factor in accessing PMTCT services. Socioeconomic factors (wealth quintile, age, education level) and institutional practices also influenced access to PMTCT. Overall, having had an HIV test was highest when both men and women made decisions together or when women were empowered to make their own decisions. This was significant across wealth quintiles (p=0.0001), age groups (p=0.0001) and education levels (p=0.0001). The least level of HIV testing was when men made decisions for their spouses; and this was the case with family planning and deliveries at health units. Other barriers to PMTCT were fear of women and male spouses to have an HIV test and the perception that HIV testing is compulsory in antenatal clinics. In conclusion, to increase access to PMTCT among women, especially the young, poor and least educated, there is a need to empower them to make decisions on health seeking, and also to empower men to support their spouses to make good decisions. Other barriers like fear of having an HIV test should be addressed through appropriate counselling of clients.


Asunto(s)
Consejo , Infecciones por VIH/prevención & control , Infecciones por VIH/transmisión , Transmisión Vertical de Enfermedad Infecciosa/prevención & control , Transmisión Vertical de Enfermedad Infecciosa/estadística & datos numéricos , Atención Prenatal/estadística & datos numéricos , Femenino , Accesibilidad a los Servicios de Salud/organización & administración , Humanos , Recién Nacido , Enfermeras Obstetrices , Aceptación de la Atención de Salud/estadística & datos numéricos , Embarazo , Complicaciones Infecciosas del Embarazo/epidemiología , Complicaciones Infecciosas del Embarazo/prevención & control , Sector Privado , Uganda/epidemiología
5.
Sex Transm Infect ; 85(7): 534-9, 2009 Dec.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19703840

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVES: To explore whether private midwives can perform HIV counselling and testing, provide antiretroviral treatment and contraceptives, and how this affects access to services especially among young and HIV-positive women. METHODS: A formative study was conducted between January and April 2009 to assess care-seeking practices and perceptions on the prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) and family planning services in Wakiso district, central Uganda. A household survey supplemented by 12 focus group discussions and 66 key informant interviews was carried out between January and April 2009. RESULTS: 10,706 women, mean age 25.8 years (14-49 years) were interviewed. The majority of women, 4786 (57%) were in the lowest wealth quintile; 62.0% were not using family planning (p<0.000); 56.2% did not access HIV counselling and testing because they feared knowing their HIV status (p<0.013), while 66.5% feared spouses knowing their HIV status (p<0.013). Access to these services among the young women and those with no education was also poor. Private midwives provide HIV testing to 7.8% of their clients; 5.9% received antiretroviral drugs and 8.6% received contraceptives. Client satisfaction with services at private midwifery practices was high. Private midwives are trusted and many clients confide in them. An intervention through private midwives was perceived to improve access because of short distances and no transport costs. Adolescents prioritized confidentiality, while subsidizing costs, community sensitisation and focusing on male spouses were overwhelmingly recommended. CONCLUSIONS: Private midwives clinics are potential delivery outlets for PMTCT in Uganda. A well-designed intervention linking them to the public sector and the community could increase access to services.


Asunto(s)
Infecciones por VIH/transmisión , Transmisión Vertical de Enfermedad Infecciosa/prevención & control , Enfermeras Obstetrices/economía , Complicaciones Infecciosas del Embarazo/prevención & control , Atención Prenatal/economía , Sector Privado , Adolescente , Adulto , Consejo , Servicios de Planificación Familiar/economía , Servicios de Planificación Familiar/organización & administración , Servicios de Planificación Familiar/provisión & distribución , Femenino , Infecciones por VIH/prevención & control , Accesibilidad a los Servicios de Salud/economía , Accesibilidad a los Servicios de Salud/organización & administración , Humanos , Transmisión Vertical de Enfermedad Infecciosa/economía , Persona de Mediana Edad , Embarazo , Complicaciones Infecciosas del Embarazo/economía , Atención Prenatal/organización & administración , Uganda , Adulto Joven
6.
J Hosp Infect ; 68(3): 203-7, 2008 Mar.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18289729

RESUMEN

Rhizobium radiobacter is an uncommon opportunistic pathogen present in soil. It has been particularly associated with indwelling intravascular devices in immunocompromised patients. In this report, we summarise the case of a patient with multiple myeloma who developed R. radiobacter bacteraemia during autologous stem cell leucopheresis. Retrospective investigation revealed exposure to soil after central venous catheter placement for chemotherapy and leucopheresis access. This is the first reported case of R. radiobacter bacteraemia following probable colonisation of the catheter from soil exposure. We further review the existing literature to delineate prevention and treatment recommendations for line-associated R. radiobacter infections.


Asunto(s)
Agrobacterium tumefaciens/patogenicidad , Bacteriemia/microbiología , Cateterismo Venoso Central/efectos adversos , Infecciones por Bacterias Gramnegativas/etiología , Trasplante de Células Madre Hematopoyéticas , Humanos , Huésped Inmunocomprometido , Leucaféresis/métodos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Trasplante Autólogo
7.
Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg ; 102(7): 685-93, 2008 Jul.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18513767

RESUMEN

The main objective of this study was to assess whether traditional birth attendants, drug-shop vendors, community reproductive health workers and adolescent peer mobilisers could administer intermittent preventive treatment (IPTp) with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) to pregnant women. The study was implemented in 21 community clusters (intervention) and four clusters where health centres provided routine IPTp (control). The primary outcome measures were the proportion of women who completed two doses of SP; the effect on anaemia, parasitaemia and low birth weight; and the incremental cost-effectiveness of the intervention. The study enrolled 2785 pregnant women. The majority, 1404/2081 (67.5%) receiving community-based care, received SP early and adhered to the two recommended doses compared with 281/704 (39.9%) at health centres (P<0.001). In addition, women receiving community-based care had fewer episodes of anaemia or severe anaemia and fewer low birth weight babies. The cost per woman receiving the full course of IPTp was, however, higher when delivered via community care at US$2.60 compared with US$2.30 at health centres, due to the additional training costs. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of the community delivery system was Uganda shillings 1869 (US$1.10) per lost disability-adjusted life-year (DALY) averted. In conclusion, community-based delivery increased access and adherence to IPTp and was cost-effective.


Asunto(s)
Antimaláricos/administración & dosificación , Sistemas de Liberación de Medicamentos/economía , Malaria/prevención & control , Complicaciones Parasitarias del Embarazo/prevención & control , Pirimetamina/administración & dosificación , Sulfadoxina/administración & dosificación , Adolescente , Anemia/tratamiento farmacológico , Anemia/prevención & control , Animales , Antimaláricos/economía , Servicios de Salud Comunitaria/economía , Servicios de Salud Comunitaria/normas , Análisis Costo-Beneficio , Combinación de Medicamentos , Sistemas de Liberación de Medicamentos/normas , Femenino , Accesibilidad a los Servicios de Salud/normas , Humanos , Recién Nacido , Malaria/tratamiento farmacológico , Centros de Salud Materno-Infantil/economía , Centros de Salud Materno-Infantil/normas , Aceptación de la Atención de Salud/psicología , Embarazo , Complicaciones Parasitarias del Embarazo/tratamiento farmacológico , Resultado del Embarazo , Atención Prenatal/normas , Pirimetamina/economía , Factores de Riesgo , Sulfadoxina/economía , Uganda
8.
J Trauma ; 64(6): 1638-50, 2008 Jun.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18545134

RESUMEN

The American College of Surgeons Committee on Trauma's Advanced Trauma Life Support Course is currently taught in 50 countries. The 8th edition has been revised following broad input by the International ATLS subcommittee. Graded levels of evidence were used to evaluate and approve changes to the course content. New materials related to principles of disaster management have been added. ATLS is a common language teaching one safe way of initial trauma assessment and management.


Asunto(s)
Curriculum/normas , Educación Médica Continua , Cuidados para Prolongación de la Vida/normas , Traumatología/educación , Heridas y Lesiones/terapia , Competencia Clínica , Curriculum/tendencias , Medicina de Emergencia/educación , Tratamiento de Urgencia/normas , Tratamiento de Urgencia/tendencias , Femenino , Predicción , Humanos , Cuidados para Prolongación de la Vida/tendencias , Masculino , Resucitación/educación , Sensibilidad y Especificidad , Traumatología/tendencias , Estados Unidos
9.
Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci ; 375(2091)2017 Apr 13.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28265021

RESUMEN

Large eddy simulations (LES) of wind farms have the capability to provide valuable and detailed information about the dynamics of wind turbine wakes. For this reason, their use within the wind energy research community is on the rise, spurring the development of new models and methods. This review surveys the most common schemes available to model the rotor, atmospheric conditions and terrain effects within current state-of-the-art LES codes, of which an overview is provided. A summary of the experimental research data available for validation of LES codes within the context of single and multiple wake situations is also supplied. Some typical results for wind turbine and wind farm flows are presented to illustrate best practices for carrying out high-fidelity LES of wind farms under various atmospheric and terrain conditions.This article is part of the themed issue 'Wind energy in complex terrains'.

10.
J Natl Cancer Inst ; 85(1): 44-7, 1993 Jan 06.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-8416256

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Oral leukoplakia is an important model for developing chemoprevention approaches for lesions in the upper aerodigestive tract. These lesions most often result from exposure to carcinogens such as tobacco and alcohol and may precede development of invasive cancer. The potent antioxidant alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E) has prevented the development of cancers of the oral cavities in animal models. PURPOSE: The objectives of this study were to evaluate the toxicity and efficacy of alpha-tocopherol in patients with oral leukoplakia and to assess the feasibility of performing chemoprevention trials through the network of the Community Clinical Oncology Program (CCOP). METHODS: A single-arm phase II study using the nontoxic agent alpha-tocopherol to treat oral premalignant leukoplakia was performed at seven institutions affiliated with the CCOP through The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center. Patients with symptomatic leukoplakia or dysplasia were treated orally with alpha-tocopherol (400 IU) twice daily for 24 weeks. Follow-up was performed at 6, 12, and 24 weeks after the start of treatment to assess toxicity and response, and serum alpha-tocopherol levels were determined at baseline and at 6 and 24 weeks. RESULTS: Of the 43 patients who have completed 24 weeks of treatment, 20 (46%) had clinical responses and nine (21%) had histologic responses. Mean serum alpha-tocopherol levels were 16.1 micrograms/mL at baseline and increased to 34.29 micrograms/mL after 24 weeks of treatment. Patient-recorded drug calendars, as well as serum drug levels, indicated excellent patient compliance; an average of 95% of the prescribed pills were taken. Treatment was extremely well tolerated; no grade 3 or 4 toxic effects were reported. CONCLUSIONS: Administration of alpha-tocopherol resulted in both clinical and histologic responses in premalignant leukoplakia lesions. The study also demonstrated that chemoprevention trials can be performed through the CCOP. The major problems were that a high percentage of patients were not assessable for response, some patients withdrew because expenses were not reimbursable, and there was limited participation within the CCOP network. These problems may reflect difficulties inherent in the implementation of multi-institutional chemoprevention trials. IMPLICATIONS: The efficacy of alpha-tocopherol alone and in combination with other chemopreventive agents for carcinogenesis in the upper aerodigestive tract should be explored in future trials.


Asunto(s)
Servicios de Salud Comunitaria , Leucoplasia Bucal/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias de la Boca/prevención & control , Vitamina E/uso terapéutico , Consumo de Bebidas Alcohólicas , Estudios de Factibilidad , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Evaluación de Programas y Proyectos de Salud , Fumar
11.
J Vet Intern Med ; 30(4): 1112-20, 2016 Jul.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27279132

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT) is an emerging technique for treating tumors in animals. OBJECTIVES: To assess the outcome of dogs with suspected intracranial trigeminal nerve peripheral nerve sheath tumors (PNST) treated with SRT. ANIMALS: Eight dogs with presumptive PNST. METHODS: This was a retrospective study of dogs identified by searching UC Davis Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital medical records for dogs treated with SRT for a presumed PNST. Presumptive diagnosis was based on magnetic resonance imaging. SRT was delivered in 3 dose fractions of 8 Gray (Gy) on consecutive days or every other day to a total dose of 24 Gy. RESULTS: Median disease-specific survival was 745 days (range: 99-1375 days, n = 6). No signs of acute adverse effects of radiation treatment were recorded. Late radiation effects versus tumor progression could not be confirmed histopathologically because of few animals undergoing necropsy. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: This study provides preliminary evidence that dogs with PNST benefit from SRT in terms of long-term survival. The treatment appears to be well tolerated and requires fewer anesthetic events for animals compared to full-course radiation.


Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de los Perros/cirugía , Neurilemoma/veterinaria , Enfermedades del Nervio Trigémino/veterinaria , Animales , Supervivencia sin Enfermedad , Enfermedades de los Perros/diagnóstico por imagen , Enfermedades de los Perros/mortalidad , Perros , Femenino , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética/veterinaria , Masculino , Registros Médicos , Neurilemoma/cirugía , Estudios Retrospectivos , Técnicas Estereotáxicas/veterinaria , Resultado del Tratamiento , Enfermedades del Nervio Trigémino/cirugía
12.
APMIS ; 105(4): 303-8, 1997 Apr.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9164473

RESUMEN

A PCR-based assay was used to distinguish between respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) group A and B in order to analyze their prevalence in Denmark in three consecutive epidemics during the winters of 1992/93, 1993/94 and 1994/95. A total of 96 RSV strains isolated from hospitalized children were examined, showing alternation of group prevalence. Furthermore, the genetic variability of the RSV isolates was illustrated by restriction enzyme analysis of PCR products originating from a part of the F and G proteins that has been reported to be highly variable. We found that, in general, different genome types predominated each year, some types being present in consecutive epidemics, indicating a contribution of strains circulating unattended between outbreak seasons, while others seemed to disappear or became undetectable, being replaced by emerging types. Some of the genome types found seemed related to strains isolated up to more than two decades ago in other parts of the world. This indicates that the temporal fluctuation in predominance of genome types presumably caused by selective pressure exerted by host immunity is due to the favoring of strains from a pool of globally circulating, genetically relatively stable genome types, rather than a molecular evolution in strains induced or directed by immunoselective pressure.


Asunto(s)
Infecciones por Virus Sincitial Respiratorio/virología , Virus Sincitial Respiratorio Humano/clasificación , Animales , Niño , Chlorocebus aethiops , Cartilla de ADN , Enzimas de Restricción del ADN , Dinamarca/epidemiología , Variación Genética , Genoma Viral , Humanos , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa/métodos , Infecciones por Virus Sincitial Respiratorio/epidemiología , Virus Sincitial Respiratorio Humano/genética , Virus Sincitial Respiratorio Humano/aislamiento & purificación , Mapeo Restrictivo/métodos , Estaciones del Año , Células Vero
13.
Pediatr Infect Dis J ; 17(12): 1114-21, 1998 Dec.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9877358

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Investigations concerning the severity of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) disease as related to (1) RSV type and genotype determined respectively by PCR and restriction enzyme analysis and (2) interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) values in samples of nasopharyngeal secretion (NPS) have not been previously reported. METHODS: We prospectively studied 105 RSV infections in the lower respiratory tract of infants and young children admitted to a pediatric department in Copenhagen during three winter seasons, 1993, 1994 and 1995. RSV strains were typed and genotyped, respectively, by PCR and nucleic acid restriction analysis and correlated to the severity of the disease. The ratio IL-6:TNF-alpha, determined from IL-6- and TNF-alpha values in samples of NPS, was related to the severity of the disease. Concentrations of IL-6 and of TNF-alpha were determined in serum samples taken during 5 weeks after the onset of illness. RESULTS: Type B infections produced more severe disease than did type A infections, as assessed on the length of the hospital stay, use of respiratory support and the presence of an infiltrate on a chest radiograph. This difference was age-related. It was observed in infants 0 to 5 months old, but not in older age groups. Type B genotype B1122 produced more severe disease than type A genotype A2311 in infants 0 to 11 months old. Increased serum concentrations of IL-6 and TNF-alpha were detected in samples taken 1 to 2 days after the onset of illness. Whereas TNF-alpha serum concentrations remained high, IL-6 serum concentrations decreased during the following 3 to 4 weeks. The IL-6:TNF-alpha ratio in samples of NPS was related to the severity of the disease. A high ratio was related to a low severity. CONCLUSIONS: The severity of disease in patients admitted with acute RSV infections can be correlated to the RSV type as determined by PCR, to the RSV genotype as determined by nucleic acid restriction analysis and to the ratio IL-6:TNF-alpha in NPS.


Asunto(s)
Interleucina-6/análisis , Líquido del Lavado Nasal/virología , Infecciones por Virus Sincitial Respiratorio/diagnóstico , Virus Sincitiales Respiratorios/clasificación , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/análisis , Preescolar , Citocinas/análisis , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática , Femenino , Genotipo , Humanos , Lactante , Masculino , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa , Estudios Prospectivos , Infecciones por Virus Sincitial Respiratorio/inmunología , Virus Sincitiales Respiratorios/genética , Virus Sincitiales Respiratorios/inmunología , Sensibilidad y Especificidad , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Estadísticas no Paramétricas
14.
Bone Marrow Transplant ; 20(1): 87-8, 1997 Jul.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9232265

RESUMEN

A woman with high-risk stage III breast cancer developed acute cerebellar syndrome 75 days after high-dose chemotherapy and blood cell transplant (BCT). An extensive search for metastatic, vascular, metabolic, infectious, and paraneoplastic etiologies was negative. We postulate a delayed adverse effect of high-dose chemotherapy as the etiology.


Asunto(s)
Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/efectos adversos , Neoplasias de la Mama/terapia , Enfermedades Cerebelosas/etiología , Trasplante de Células Madre Hematopoyéticas , Enfermedades Cerebelosas/fisiopatología , Enfermedades Cerebelosas/terapia , Terapia Combinada/efectos adversos , Femenino , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Síndrome , Trasplante Autólogo
15.
Scand J Work Environ Health ; 18(3): 169-77, 1992 Jun.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-1615291

RESUMEN

Welding may deteriorate spermatogenesis and increase reproductive failures. This study examines reproductive end points in a Danish cohort of 10,059 metalworkers who fathered 3,569 children in 1973 through 1986. Occupational histories were gathered by postal questionnaires. Information on pregnancy outcomes and offspring was obtained by record linkage to medical registers. The occurrence of reduced birthweight, preterm delivery, infant mortality, and congenital malformation was not increased among children at risk from paternal welding exposure in comparison with children not at risk. The overall incidence of childhood malignancies among 23,264 children born in 1968 through 1986 with a total of 259,113 person-years of follow-up was equal to national rates (relative risk 0.97, 95% confidence interval 0.63-1.42). However, pregnancies preceding a birth at risk from paternal exposure to stainless steel welding were more often terminated by spontaneous abortion (odds ratio 1.9, 95% confidence interval 1.1-3.2). This finding needs cautious interpretation and should be further investigated in future studies.


Asunto(s)
Anomalías Congénitas/etiología , Padre , Neoplasias/etiología , Exposición Profesional/efectos adversos , Resultado del Embarazo , Soldadura , Niño , Preescolar , Estudios de Cohortes , Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Masculino , Embarazo , Acero Inoxidable
16.
Scand J Work Environ Health ; 21(4): 272-6, 1995 Aug.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-8553001

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVES: It was hypothesized that the welding of stainless steel involves a risk of male-mediated developmental toxicity because of exposure to mutagenic substances, including hexavalent chromium. The purpose of the present study was to corroborate or refute earlier findings that spouses of stainless steel welders have an increased risk of spontaneous abortion. METHODS: The occurrence of spontaneous abortion among 2520 pregnancies of spouses of 1715 married metal workers from 1977 through 1987 was examined. Occupational histories were collected with a postal questionnaire in a previous study. Information on children born live, spontaneous abortion, and induced abortion was obtained from national medical registers. RESULTS: The proportion of spontaneous abortions was not increased for pregnancies at risk from stainless steel welding when compared with pregnancies not at risk (odds ratio 0.78, 95% confidence interval 0.55-1.1). The risk estimate was robust to adjustment for potential confounding effects of maternal age and parity and male smoking and alcohol consumption. CONCLUSIONS: This study does not corroborate earlier findings that spouses of stainless steel welders have increased risk of spontaneous abortion. A reanalysis indicated that earlier findings were probably biased because the job exposure of male metal workers is apparently modified by the outcome of their partners' first pregnancy.


Asunto(s)
Aborto Espontáneo/etiología , Carcinógenos Ambientales/efectos adversos , Cromo/efectos adversos , Exposición Profesional/efectos adversos , Exposición Paterna/efectos adversos , Aborto Espontáneo/epidemiología , Adulto , Estudios de Cohortes , Dinamarca/epidemiología , Femenino , Humanos , Incidencia , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Embarazo , Resultado del Embarazo/epidemiología , Sistema de Registros , Factores de Riesgo , Acero Inoxidable/efectos adversos , Soldadura
17.
Scand J Work Environ Health ; 16(5): 315-22, 1990 Oct.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-2255871

RESUMEN

Welding may be detrimental to the male reproductive system. Fertility was examined in a Danish cohort of 3702 male metalworkers over a follow-up of 47 674 person-years. Occupational histories were gathered by postal questionnaires. Information on births was obtained by record linkage to the Danish Central Population Register. Among persons who had ever worked as welders, the probability of having a child was slightly reduced the year after a year of welding exposure, even after control for differences in age, birth cohort, paternal parity, birth of a child in the preceding five years, smoking, and consumption of alcoholic beverages (odds ratio 0.89, 95% confidence interval 0.83-0.97). The reduction in fertility was associated with the welding of mild steel, but not with the welding of stainless steel. These findings are consistent with results of previous studies of time to conception and semen quality in welders.


Asunto(s)
Infertilidad Masculina/etiología , Enfermedades Profesionales/etiología , Soldadura , Adulto , Consumo de Bebidas Alcohólicas/efectos adversos , Estudios de Cohortes , Dinamarca , Exposición a Riesgos Ambientales , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Masculino , Factores de Riesgo , Fumar/efectos adversos , Acero Inoxidable
18.
Scand J Surg ; 93(3): 198-203, 2004.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15544074

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Analysis of the injury mechanism and characteristics of severely and fatally injured patients in the western part of Norway. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We did a prospective registration of all severely injured patients hospitalized during a three-year period. The files of severely injured patients that died at scene or during transport were retrospectively retrieved from the Forensic Department. A total of 558 patients with an Injury Severity Score > 15 were included. RESULTS: Four-hundred-forty-four men (79.6 %) and 114 women (20.4 %) with a median age of 36 and 51.5 years respectively were included. The proportion of female patients older than 80 years were 19.3 % compared to 5.6 % for men. A total of 215 (38.5 %) patients died and 149 (69.3 %) of these patients died on scene or during transport. The incidence of severely injured patients in Hordaland County was 30 per 100,000 inhabitants per year. The incidence was lowest among children below 5 years (7/100,000/year) and highest among persons older than 80 years (95/100,000/year). Men had a 3.8 times greater risk of getting seriously injured compared to women. Road traffic accidents were the cause of the injuries in 235 (42.1 %) patients and 35.8 % of these patients died. A total of 215 (38.5 %) patients were injured due to falls and 30.2 % of these patients died. Patients who had sustained falls were significantly older than patents with other injury mechanisms (p < 0.001, CI = 13.0-20.2). The proportion of patients with penetrating injuries was 7.3 %. CONCLUSION: The incidence of severely injured patients was 30/100000/year. Men and elderly people had a higher risk of getting severely injured. Falls were the dominating injury mechanism among elderly.


Asunto(s)
Accidentes por Caídas/estadística & datos numéricos , Escala Resumida de Traumatismos , Traumatismos Abdominales/epidemiología , Accidentes por Caídas/mortalidad , Accidentes de Tránsito/estadística & datos numéricos , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Niño , Preescolar , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Noruega/epidemiología
19.
Ugeskr Laeger ; 161(31): 4393-6, 1999 Aug 02.
Artículo en Danés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10487103

RESUMEN

The objective of this study was to examine whether the prevalence of hepatitis C, like hepatitis B, is increased among the mentally retarded in Denmark. The prevalence of serological markers of hepatitis B and C was examined in an institution for the mentally retarded. A total of 126 out of 178 inhabitants (71%) with a median age of 49 years (range 23-78) participated. All subjects were anti-HCV-negative by third generation ELISA antibody test. A total of 45 (35.7%) subjects were anti-HBc-positive and 10 (7.9%) were HBsAg-positive. Among subjects with Down's syndrome (n = 20), 55% were anti-HBc-positive and 30% were HBsAg-positive as compared to 32% and 3.8% respectively among others. In conclusion, hepatitis C infection seems to be uncommon among mentally retarded persons in Denmark and the risk of acquiring infection not significantly increased as compared to that of the general population. The prevalence of serological markers for hepatitis B was high and comparable to previous studies in this population.


Asunto(s)
Hepatitis B/epidemiología , Hepatitis C/epidemiología , Personas con Discapacidades Mentales , Adulto , Anciano , Estudios Transversales , Dinamarca/epidemiología , Síndrome de Down/complicaciones , Síndrome de Down/inmunología , Síndrome de Down/virología , Femenino , Hepatitis B/complicaciones , Hepatitis B/inmunología , Anticuerpos contra la Hepatitis B/análisis , Antígenos de Superficie de la Hepatitis B/análisis , Hepatitis C/complicaciones , Hepatitis C/inmunología , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Prevalencia
20.
Int J STD AIDS ; 23(9): 661-6, 2012 Sep.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23033523

RESUMEN

This study explored perceptions and care-seeking practices for HIV testing and contraception in order to obtain data for designing effective interventions to increase contraception among HIV-positive women. A triangulation of methods (household survey, focus group discussions and key informant interviews) were conducted in Wakiso district, central Uganda from January to April 2009. Results show that a majority of women, 2062/2896 (71.2%) would like to have an HIV test, while access to antiretroviral therapy (ART) was low at 237/879 (27%). Of the women who were on ART, 133/266 (50.0%) could not use contraception due to negative perceptions that a combination of ART and contraceptives would weaken them, as these drugs were perceived to be 'strong'. Fear of side-effects for contraceptives and resistance from spouses were other main reasons. Constraints to HIV testing included fear of clients knowing their own HIV status and fear of their spouses' reactions to the test results. Private midwives were identified as a potential outlet for delivering contraception to HIV-positive women.


Asunto(s)
Conducta Anticonceptiva/estadística & datos numéricos , Infecciones por VIH/prevención & control , Accesibilidad a los Servicios de Salud/estadística & datos numéricos , Transmisión Vertical de Enfermedad Infecciosa/prevención & control , Adolescente , Adulto , Antirretrovirales/uso terapéutico , Conducta Anticonceptiva/etnología , Femenino , Grupos Focales , Infecciones por VIH/tratamiento farmacológico , Infecciones por VIH/transmisión , Humanos , Transmisión Vertical de Enfermedad Infecciosa/estadística & datos numéricos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Partería , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Uganda/epidemiología , Población Urbana/estadística & datos numéricos
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