Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the breast: a case report.

INTRODUCTION: Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the breast is a rare variant of invasive breast cancer that has been classified as metaplastic carcinoma. When a tumor is composed of spindle cells, diagnosis is challenging. CASE REPORT: A 42-year-old woman with a large mass in the right breast underwent modified radical mastectomy. A pathological examination revealed a tumor with central necrosis in it. The tumor had a sarcomatoid growth pattern and the cells were spindle-shaped with severe atypicality. Immunohistochemical staining showed that P63, P53, vimentin, and CKpan were positive, whereas estrogen receptor and C-erbB-2 were negative. Ki-67 proliferation index was as high as 90%. Therefore, a diagnosis of SCC of the right breast was made. The patient received eight cycles of postoperative chemotherapy with paclitaxel and carboplatin, followed by seven cycles of radiotherapy. During follow-up, the patient also had a left thyroid tumor, and postoperative pathology suggested microinvasive follicular carcinoma. Since breast surgery, the patient has remained disease-free for more than four years. CONCLUSION: SCC of the breast with spindle cell and sarcomatoid features is rare. The diagnosis of such tumors requires exclusion of tumors with similar histological morphologies.

Classification of superficial suspected lymph nodes: non-invasive radiomic model based on multiphase contrast-enhanced ultrasound for therapeutic options of lymphadenopathy.

Background: Accurate determination of the types of lymphadenopathy is of great importance in disease diagnosis and treatment and is usually confirmed by pathological findings. Radiomics is a non-invasive tool that can extract quantitative information from medical images. Our study was designed to develop a non-invasive radiomic approach based on multiphase contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) images for the classification of different types of lymphadenopathy. Methods: A total of 426 patients with superficial suspected lymph nodes (LNs) from three centres were grouped into a training cohort (n=190), an internal testing cohort (n=127), and an external testing cohort (n=109). The radiomic features were extracted from the prevascular phase, vascular phase, and postvascular phase of the CEUS images. Model 1 (the conventional feature model), model 2 (the multiphase radiomics model), and model 3 (the combined feature model) were established for lymphadenopathy classification. The area under the curve (AUC) and confusion matrix were used to evaluate the performance of the three models. The usefulness of the models was assessed in different threshold probabilities by decision curve analysis. Results: There were 139 patients (32.6%) with benign LNs, 110 patients (25.8%) with lymphoma, and 177 patients (41.5%) with metastatic LNs in our population. Finally, twenty features were selected to construct the radiomics models for these three types of lymphadenopathy. Model 2 integrating multiphase images of the CEUS yielded the AUCs of 0.838, 0.739, and 0.733 in the training cohort, internal testing cohort, and external testing cohort, respectively. After the combination of conventional features and radiomic features, the AUCs of model 3 improved to 0.943, 0.823 and 0.785 in the training cohort, internal testing cohort, and external testing cohort. Besides, model 3 had an accuracy of 81.05%, sensitivity of 80%, and specificity of 90.43% in the training cohort. Model performance was further confirmed in the internal testing cohort and external testing cohort. Conclusions: We constructed a combined feature model using a series of CEUS images for the classification of the lymphadenopathies. For patients with superficial suspected LNs, this model can help clinicians make a decision on the LN type noninvasively and choose appropriate treatments.

Gastric Adenocarcinoma with Enteroblastic Differentiation in the Presence of Calcification: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Gastric adenocarcinoma with enteroblastic differentiation is a specific subtype of gastric cancer that is rare and highly malignant, usually presenting at an early stage with lymphovascular invasion, lymph node, and distant metastases, resulting in a poor prognosis. The pathology of this patient showed a classic tubular adenocarcinoma infiltrating into the mucosal layer, with the presence of cytoplasmic translucent tumor cells below the mucosal layer. It is noteworthy that this patient did not exhibit lymphovascular invasion, lymph node, and distant metastasis. Additionally, a large amount of calcification was observed; therefore, it remains unclear whether there exists any correlation between the two factors. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report demonstrating massive calcification in gastric adenocarcinoma with enteroblastic differentiation, which may have implications for future diagnosis of this rare subtype of gastric cancer.

[LiCl suppresses tumor growth and inhibits DNA replication in prostate cancer].

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effects of LiCl on prostate cancer growth and to explore the underlying mechanisms. METHODS: Effects of LiCl on cell growth in vitro and in vivo were determined by cell counting and xenografts of prostate cancer cells. Alterations in cell proliferation and the expression of DNA replication-related protein were determined by MTT assay, BrdU incorporation and Western blot. RESULTS: Compared to PBS control group, the number of prostate cancer cells (PC-3) were lower treated with 10 mmol/L LiCl, the number was 1.9×10(5), 4.8×10(5) and the difference was significant (P < 0.05). The inhibition rate of cellular proliferation were 50%, 95% and 98%, respectively, in LiCl group, NaCl and KCl control group, the difference was significant (P < 0.05). The A-Value of BrdU incorporation was 1.5, 1.3 treated with 10 mmol/L, 30 mmol/L LiCl, while the A-value of BrdU incorporation was 4 in PBS control group, the difference was significant (P < 0.05). On the protein level, LiCl downregulates expression of cdc 6, cyclins A and cyclins E, and cdc 25C, and upregulates expression of the CDK inhibitor p21(CIP1). The mean volume and weight of xenograft tumor were 50 mm(3) and 296 mg after LiCl intraperitoneal injection, But PBS control group were 180 mm(3) and 957 mg, the difference was significant (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: LiCl disrupts DNA replication and suppresses tumor growth of prostate cancer cells in vitro and in vivo.

Primary mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue extranodal marginal zone lymphoma of the bladder from an imaging perspective: A case report.

BACKGROUND: Mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue extranodal marginal zone (MALT) lymphoma is a low-grade tumor that rarely occurs in the urinary bladder. There is currently no consensus on the common imaging findings or most appropriate treatment in MALT lymphoma in the urinary bladder due to the limited number of reports. CASE SUMMARY: A 48-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital with a 1-year history of macroscopic hematuria. Imaging showed a large homogeneous mass with an unclear boundary and an irregular morphology in the bladder. The mass had an abundant blood supply. For further diagnosis, transurethral cystoscopic biopsy and bone marrow biopsy was performed, and the patient was finally diagnosed with primary MALT lymphoma of the bladder. R-CHOP chemotherapy was carried out. After three cycles of chemotherapy, the mass disappeared and the bladder wall thickness was only 4 mm, which indicated excellent therapeutic response to the chemotherapy. To date, the patient remains asymptomatic and she visits our hospital regularly for the completion of the remaining chemotherapy cycles. CONCLUSION: Primary MALT lymphoma of the bladder is rare, and there are certain characteristics in the ultrasonographic findings. Imaging findings play an important role in evaluating the therapeutic efficacy and are critical during long-term follow-up after therapy.

Thyroid transcription factor-1 promotes lymph node metastasis by inducing lymphangiogenesis in ovarian carcinoma.

AIMS AND BACKGROUND: Thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1) expression is widely considered a specific marker for lung and thyroid carcinomas and plays an important role in angiogenesis in lung cancer. However, it can occasionally be expressed in other malignancies, including ovarian carcinomas, and the mechanism of TTF-1 in lymphatic metastasis of ovarian carcinomas is still unclear. This study aimed to define the TTF-1 expression and lymph vessel density (LVD) in ovarian carcinomas and look for their correlations with clinicopathological features. METHODS: We examined the incidence of thyroid transcription factor 1 expression (clone SPT24) and lymph vessel density (LVD) quantified through D2-40 by immunohistochemistry from 110 primary ovarian carcinomas and 40 benign ovarian tumor as controls in Chinese patients. RESULTS: Thyroid transcription factor 1 was detected in 28 primary ovarian carcinomas (25.5%), which was significantly higher than its expression in benign ovarian tumor. TTF-1 expression was correlated with tumor FIGO stage,T stage and lymphatic metastasis. Moreover, LVD was associated with tumor FIGO stage, TNM stage. Furthermore, the LVD counts in group of TTF-1 positive expression were higher than in group of TTF-1 negative expression. CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicated the occasional expression of TTF-1 immunoreactivity of ovarian carcinomas should be considered in the evaluation of neoplasms of unknown primary origin and TTF-1 might be involved in lymph node metastasis of ovarian carcinomas in the presence of lymphangiogenesis.