Surgical Management of Symptomatic Lumbar, Sacral, and Lumbosacral Plexus Tumors: a Peripheral Nerve Unit Experience.

OBJECTIVE: Data concerning the surgical treatment of lumbosacral plexus tumors (LSPTs) is scarce. This study aims to present our experience with a series of 19 patients surgically treated for symptomatic LSPTs at our institution. METHODS: This is a retrospective study of 19 patients surgically treated for symptomatic LSPTs from 2011 to 2019. Clinical data were retrieved from medical records and consisted of age, gender, clinical presentation, location of the lesion, surgical approach, final histopathologic diagnosis, follow-up time, outcomes, and complications. RESULTS: Nineteen surgical procedures were conducted. Thirteen patients were female and six, male. The median age of patients was 45 years (range 20 to 63 years). No patients harbored genetic syndromes. Surgical treatment appears to be correlated to the reduction of pain in patients with peripheral nerve sheath tumors (PNSTs), as assessed by visual analog scale (VAS). Sixteen patients did not present with new-onset deficits during follow-up (84.2%), two of whom recovered from their preoperative deficit. Four patients presented with postoperative weakness. The histopathological diagnoses were 11 schwannomas, four neurofibromas, three metastases, and one lymphoma. CONCLUSIONS: LSPTs are rare. When surgical treatment is indicated, it usually requires multidisciplinary management. Surgery appears to be effective concerning the reduction of pain in PNSTs and may also recover neurological deficits. Iatrogenic neurological deficits are an evident risk, such that intraoperative multimodal monitoring should always be performed if available. In lesions involving the sacral plexus, we found it to be indispensable.

Inflammation in laparoendoscopic single-site surgery versus laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

INTRODUCTION: Laparoendoscopic single-site surgery (LESS) uses a multiple-entry portal in a single 3.0- to 4.0-cm incision in a natural scar, the umbilicus. The present study aimed to compare the inflammatory impact of classic video laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) versus LESS cholecystectomy. METHODS: A prospective randomized controlled study was conducted from January to June 2011 at 2 university hospitals in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Fifty-seven patients (53 women, 4 men; mean age = 48.7 years) were randomly assigned to receive LC (n = 29) or LESS (n = 28) cholecystectomy. C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) were measured from blood samples collected during induction of anesthesia and at 3 and 24 hours postoperatively. RESULTS: Median IL-6 levels in the LESS and LC groups, respectively, were 2.96 and 4.5 pg/mL preoperatively, 11.6 and 28.05 pg/mL at 3 hours postoperatively (P = .029), and 13.18 and 15.1 pg/mL at 24 hours postoperatively (P = .52). Median CRP levels in the LESS and LC groups, respectively, were 0.33 and 0.44 mg/mL preoperatively, 0.40 and 0.45 mg/mL (P = .73) at 3 hours postoperatively, and 1.7 and 1.82 mg/mL (P = .84) at 24 hours postoperatively. We did not find a significant association between IL-6 (and CRP) and body mass index in the LESS group. CONCLUSIONS: LESS cholecystectomy requires a larger size incision than LC. We found a tendency of less postoperative pain following LESS cholecystectomy than LC. There was also a tendency toward lower early inflammatory impact following LESS cholecystectomy versus LC.

Randomized clinical study for assessment of incision characteristics and pain associated with LESS versus laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

BACKGROUND: Laparoendoscopic single-site surgery (LESS) has emerged as a technique that uses a natural scar, the umbilicus, within which a multiple-entry portal is placed into a 3.0-4.0-cm single incision to perform operations. The objective of this study was to compare incision size, wound complications, and postoperative pain of LESS compared with those of laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). METHODS: A prospective randomized controlled study was conducted between January and June 2011 at two university hospitals in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Fifty-seven patients were randomly assigned to undergo laparoscopic or LESS cholecystectomy. Skin and aponeurosis wound sizes were recorded. A 10-point visual analog scale (VAS) was used to assess pain at postoperative hours 3 and 24. Healing and wound complications were assessed at follow-up. RESULTS: A total of 57 patients, 53 women and 4 men with a mean age of 48.7 years, were randomly assigned to undergo LESS (n = 28) or LC (n = 29). The mean length of the umbilical skin incision was 4.0 cm (range = 2.1-5.8) in LESS and 2.7 cm (1.5-5.1) in LC (p < .0001). The mean internal aponeurosis diameter was 3.5 cm (2.0-5.5) in LESS and 2.3 cm (1.2-3.5) in LC (p < .0001). The mean operative time was 60.3 min (32-128) for LESS and 51.3 min (25-120) for LC (p = 0.11). Gallbladder perforation at detachment occurred in 15.69 % of the LESS cases and in 5.88 % of the LC cases (p = 0.028). The mean VAS score for pain at hour 3 was 2.0 points (0-7) for the LESS group and 4.0 (0-10) for the LC group (p = 0.07), and at postoperative hour 24 it was 0.3 points (0-6) for LESS and 2.3 (0-10) for LC (p = 0.03). There were no significant differences in wound complications. Incisional hernias were not found in either group. CONCLUSIONS: The LESS single-port (SP) operations demand a bigger incision than LC surgery. However, there were no differences in healing, wound infections, and hernia development. We found a tendency of less postoperative pain associated with LESS/SP than with LC.

Risk factors for elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy morbimortality in elderly. / Fatores de risco para morbimortalidade em colecistectomia videolaparoscópica eletiva em idosos.

OBJECTIVE: to identify risk factors for the occurrence of postoperative complications in laparoscopic cholecystectomies (LC) in elderly patients. METHODS: an observational study with analysis of medical records of patients aged 60 years and older, submitted to elective LC at Gaffree e Guinle Universitary Hospital, from 2006 to 2018. Surgeries performed on an emergency basis or converted to the conventional technique were excluded from our study. RESULTS: a total of 345 patients were included in our study, being 80% females and 62% aged 60-69 years. There were 39 cases of postoperative complications (11.3%), mostly (87%) classified as grades I or II of Clavien-Dindo surgical complication scale. There was only one death. The presence and the number of coexisting diseases and ASA II or III physical status classification of preoperative patients conferred a greater risk for the development of postoperative complications and mortality. CONCLUSION: our study identified the presence of coexisting diseases, as well as their severity, according to ASA classification, as risk factors for the development of postoperative complications of LC in elderly patients. However, LC proved to be a safe technique when used in these patients with low morbidity and mortality rates.

OBJETIVO: identificar fatores de risco para a ocorrência de complicações pós-operatórias em colecistectomias videolaparoscópicas (CVL) em pacientes idosos. MÉTODOS: estudo observacional com análise de prontuários médicos de pacientes com idade igual ou superior a 60 anos, submetidos à colecistectomia videolaparoscópica eletiva no Hospital Universitário Gaffrée e Guinle, entre os anos de 2006 e 2018. Cirurgias realizadas em regime de emergência ou convertidas para a técnica convencional foram excluídas do estudo. RESULTADOS: foram incluídos no estudo 345 pacientes, sendo 80% do sexo feminino e 62% com idade entre 60 e 69 anos. Houve 39 casos de complicações pós-operatórias (11,3%), em sua maioria (87%) classificadas como tipo I ou II da escala de complicações cirúrgicas de Clavien-Dindo. Houve somente um caso de óbito. Presença e quantidade de doenças coexistentes e classificação de estado físico ASA II ou III conferiram risco maior para o desenvolvimento de complicações e mortalidade pós-operatórias. CONCLUSÃO: o estudo identificou a presença de doenças coexistentes e a gravidade das mesmas, segundo a classificação ASA, como fatores de risco para o desenvolvimento de complicações no pós-operatório de colecistectomias videolaparoscópicas em pacientes idosos. Entretanto, a CVL se mostrou uma técnica segura quando empregada nestes pacientes com taxas de morbimortalidade baixas.

Comparative study of systemic early postoperative inflammatory response among elderly and non-elderly patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

OBJECTIVE: to evaluate and compare the early postoperative period systemic inflammatory response between elderly and non-elderly patients submitted to laparoscopic cholecystectomy, mainly performing a quantitative analysis of interleukin-6 (IL-6), a marker of inflammatory activity systemic. METHODS: we compared a series of cases over a period of six months at the Gaffrée and Guinle University Hospital of the Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, involving 60 patients submitted to elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy. We used non-probabilistic sampling for convenience, selecting, from the inclusion criteria, the first 30 patients aged 18-60 years, who comprised group I, and 30 patients with age equal to or greater than 60 years, who formed group II. RESULTS: the 60 patients involved were followed for at least 30 days after surgery and there were no complications. There was no conversion to open surgery. The values ​​of the medians found in the IL-6 dosages for the preoperative period, three hours after the procedure and 24 hours after surgery were, respectively, 3.1 vs. 4.7 pg/ml, 7.3 vs. 14.1 pg/ml and 4.4 vs 13.3 pg/ml. CONCLUSION: Elderly patients were more responsive to surgical trauma and had elevated IL-6 levels for a longer period than the non-elderly group.

Hemodynamic evaluation of elderly patients during laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

OBJECTIVE: to demonstrate hemodynamic changes during laparoscopic cholecystectomy in elderly patients with trans-esophageal echocardiography. METHODS: we studied 31 elderly patients (aged 60 years or older), ASA I or II, who underwent elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy under general, standardized anesthesia, with cardiovascular parameters measured using transesophageal echocardiography at three different times: before the pneumoperitoneum (T1), after CO2 insufflation (T2) and at deflation (T3). We statistically evaluated changes in systolic, diastolic and mean blood pressure, heart rate, cardiac output and index, and ejection fraction. RESULTS: although small, only the diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and ejection fraction (EF) variations were statistically significant. The mean ± standard deviation of DBP in mmHg at the different times were: T1=67.5±10.3; T2=73.6±12.4; and T3=66.7±9.8. And for EF, in percentage (%) they were: T1=66.7±10.4; T2=63.2±9.9; and T3=68.1±8.4. There was no statistical correlation between hemodynamic variations, age and number of patients' comorbidities. CONCLUSION: laparoscopic cholecystectomy causes few hemodynamic changes that are well tolerated by the majority of the elderly patients; prior impairment of ventricular function represents a threat in elderly patients during surgery; there appears to be a lower hemodynamic effect caused by the pneumoperitoneum than by the patient's positioning in a reverse Trendelemburg during surgery.

Increase of phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase activity in the small bowel brush-border membrane after massive intestinal distal resection in rats.

Phosphatidylcholine plays an important role for the structure and function of the cell membrane, and its synthesis from phosphatidylethanolamine is catalyzed by phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PEMT). This study investigates changes in PEMT activity in the intestinal brush border membrane after extensive distal enterectomy (60%) in 40 Wistar rats. Four groups, each of 10 rats, were killed immediately after surgery (day 0) and on the 7th, 14th and 28th day postoperatively. Samples from jejunum were collected for histomorphometry and PEMT activity was determined by measuring the incorporation of [(3)H]-methyl groups from S-adenosyl-L-(methyl-(3)H)-methionine into phospholipids. Enterectomy induced 30%, 48% and 21% increases in the jejunum villus cell population, and 32%, 81%, and 32% in the crypt cell population at postoperative days 7, 14, and 28, respectively. PEMT activity increased 41% at day 14, suggesting functional differentiation, remaining at this level until day 28, when a reduction in the epithelial cell population was observed, thus indicating that adaptation was completed. The observed increase in PEMT-specific activity in the residual intestine suggests that extensive enterectomy stimulates the synthesis of phosphatidylcholine by the PEMT-controlled pathway.

Impact of using a local protocol in preoperative testing: blind randomized clinical trial.

Objective: to evaluate the impact of the use of a local protocol of preoperative test requests in reducing the number of exams requested and in the occurrence of changes in surgical anesthetic management and perioperative complications. Methods: we conducted a randomized, blinded clinical trial at the Gaffrée and Guinle University Hospital with 405 patients candidates for elective surgery randomly divided into two groups, according to the practice of requesting preoperative exams: a group with non-selectively requested exams and a protocol group with exams requested according to the study protocol. Studied exams: complete blood count, coagulogram, glycemia, electrolytes, urea and creatinine, ECG and chest X-ray. Primary outcomes: changes in surgical anesthetic management caused by abnormal exams, reduction of the number of exams requested after the use of the protocol and perioperative complications. Results: there was a significant difference (p<0.001) in the number of exams with altered results between the two groups (14.9% vs. 29.1%) and a reduction of 57.3% in the number of exams requested between the two groups (p<0.001), which was more pronounced in patients of lower age groups, ASA I, without associated diseases and submitted to smaller procedures. There was no significant difference in the frequency of conduct changes motivated by the results of exams or complications between the two groups. In the multivariate analysis, complete blood count and coagulogram were the only exams capable of modifying the anesthetic-surgical management. Conclusion: the proposed protocol was effective in eliminating a significant number of complementary exams without clinical indication, without an increase in perioperative morbidity and mortality.

Objetivos: avaliar o impacto do uso de um protocolo local de solicitações de exames pré-operatórios na redução do número de exames solicitados e na ocorrência de alterações na conduta anestésico-cirúrgica e de complicações perioperatórias. Métodos: ensaio clínico randomizado, cego, realizado no Hospital Universitário Gaffrée e Guinle com 405 pacientes candidatos à operação eletiva divididos randomicamente em dois grupos segundo a prática de solicitação de exames pré-operatórios: grupo Rotina com exames solicitados de maneira não seletiva e grupo Protocolo com exames solicitados de acordo com o protocolo em estudo. Exames em estudo: hemograma, coagulograma, glicemia, eletrólitos, ureia e creatinina, ECG e radiografia de tórax. Desfechos primários: alterações na conduta anestésico-cirúrgica motivadas por exames anormais, redução do número de exames solicitados após o uso do protocolo e complicações perioperatórias. Resultados: foi observada diferença significativa (p<0,001) no número de exames com resultados alterados entre os dois grupos (14,9% x 29,1%) e redução de 57,3% no número de exames pedidos entre os dois grupos (p<0,001), mais acentuada nos pacientes de menor faixa etária, ASA I, sem doenças associadas e submetidos a procedimentos de menor porte. Não houve diferença significativa na frequência de alterações de conduta motivada por resultado de exames, nem de complicações entre os dois grupos. Na análise multivariada hemograma e coagulograma foram os únicos exames capazes de modificar a conduta anestésico-cirúrgica. Conclusão: o protocolo proposto foi efetivo em eliminar um quantitativo significativo de exames complementares sem indicação clínica, sem que houvesse aumento na morbidade e mortalidades perioperatórias.

[Epidemiological profile of patients seen in the pre-anesthetic assessment clinic of a university hospital]. / Perfil epidemiológico de pacientes atendidos no ambulatório de avaliação pré­anestésica de um hospital universitário.

OBJECTIVE: Assess the demographic and clinical characteristics of surgical patients seen in the Pre-anesthetic Assessment Clinic of the Hospital Universitário Gaffrée e Guinle (APA/HUGG), in order to assist in the pursuit for quality, effectiveness, and resource rationalization of hospital management. METHOD: Cross-sectional descriptive study with 491 patients undergoing elective surgery, treated at APA/HUGG Clinic from March to December 2014. The following variables were assessed: sex, age, BMI, smoking status, associated diseases, classification of MET's and ASA, presence of decompensated disease, medical associated appointments interconsultation, specialty and surgical risk, history of prior anesthetic-surgical procedure, and complications. RESULTS: There was a predominance of female (64.8%) and overweight patients (55.9%), aged 18-59 years. The prevalence of associated diseases was high (71.3%), with hypertension pressure prevailing (50.1%). Most patients had clinically compensated morbidity (96.3%) and long-term use of medication (77.4%). Regarding the surgical characteristics, the most frequent specialty was general and medium risk surgeries. The analysis of the characteristics by age showed that the elderly have more associated diseases and long-term use of medication, in addition to predominance of ASA II-III. CONCLUSION: The epidemiological profile of surgical patients seen at the APA/HUGG was female, age 18-59 years, overweight, with associated diseases, long-term use of medication, without clinical decompensation, ASA II and MET's ≥4. Knowledge of the clinical characteristics of surgical patients is critical to schedule the perioperative care, allowing the improvement of quality and safety in anesthesia and surgery.

LATE EVALUATION OF DYSPHAGIA AFTER HELLER ESOPHAGEAL MYOTOMY WITH DOR FUNDOPLICATION FOR ACHALASIA.

BACKGROUND: All available treatments for achalasia are palliative and aimed to eliminate the flow resistance caused by a hypertensive lower esophageal sphincter. AIM: To analyze the positive and negative prognostic factors in the improvement of dysphagia and to evaluate quality of life in patients undergoing surgery to treat esophageal achalasia by comparing findings before, immediately after, and in long follow-up. METHODS: A total of 84 patients who underwent surgery for achalasia between 2001 and 2014 were retrospectively studied. The evaluation protocol with dysphagia scores compared preoperative, immediate (up to three months) postoperative and late (over one year) postoperative scores to estimate quality of life. RESULTS: The surgical procedure was Heller-Dor in 100% of cases, with 84 cases performed laparoscopically. The percent reduction in pre- and immediate postoperative lower esophageal sphincter pressurewas 60.35% in the success group and 32.49% in the failure group. Regarding the late postoperative period, the mean percent decrease was 60.15% in the success group and 31.4% in the failure group. The mean overall drop in dysphagia score between the pre- and immediate postoperative periods was 7.33 points, which represents a decrease of 81.17%. CONCLUSIONS: Reduction greater than 60% percent in lower esophageal sphincter pressurebetween the pre- and postoperative periods suggests that this metric is a predictor of good prognosis for surgical response. Surgical treatment was able to have a good affect in quality of life and drastically changed dysphagia over time.

Conventional inguinal hernia repair with self-fixating mesh versus totally extraperitoneal laparoscopic repair with polypropylene mesh: early postoperative results. / Herniorrafia inguinal convencional com tela autofixante versus videolaparoscópica totalmente extraperitoneal com tela de polipropileno: resultados no pós-operatório precoce.

OBJECTIVE:: to evaluate the early postoperative results of inguinal hernia repair by the conventional technique with self-fixating mesh versus laparoscopic totally extraperitoneal repair with polypropylene mesh. We compared pain, surgical time and early complications. METHODS:: this is a prospective, case-series study of 80 consecutive patients treated in the surgical clinic of the Gaffrée e Guinle University Hospital (HUGG). We included patients with unilateral inguinal hernia, not relapsed and operated only on an elective basis. We divided patients into two groups of 40 patients each, SF group (conventional technique using self-fixating mesh) and LP group (laparoscopic technique with polypropylene mesh). We followed patients up until the 45th postoperative day. RESULTS:: of the 80 patients, 98.7% were male and the majority had indirect right inguinal hernias (Nyhus II). There was no difference between the groups studied in respect to pain and operative time. However, more complications occurred (seroma and hematoma) in the open surgery group. CONCLUSION:: both operations have proved feasible, safe and with minimal postoperative pain and a low operating time.

[Effects of intrinsic denervation of the jejunum after extensive enterectomy in the rat bowel syndrome]. / Efeitos da desnervação intrínseca do jejuno após enterectomia extensa na síndrome do intestino curto em ratos.

PURPOSE: To investigate the effects of intrinsic denervation of the jejunum after the extensive intestinal resection in rats. METHODS: Thirty male Wistar rats were distributed into three groups, depending on the experimental procedure: Group C (control), Group R (resection) and Group D (resection plus denervation). The body weight gain and a histomorphometric study of the jejunal mucosa were performed. RESULTS: The mean body weight of the group D animals showed a higher increase when compared to group R (D=312.2+/-21 g and R=196.7+/-36.2g). The number of jejunum myenteric neurons was smaller in group D (344.8+/-34.8 neurons/mm) when compared to other groups (R=909.0+/-55.5 and C=898.5+/-73.3). A hyperplasia of the jejunum mucosal epithelium was observed in the group D but also in the group R (R=7.3+/-3.9 mm2 and D=10.8+/-4.3 mm2), when compared to group C (C=5.8+/-3.0 mm2). The epithelial cell proliferation of the jejunum was higher in group D animals (48.7%) when compared to the other groups (R=31.9% and C=23.6%). CONCLUSIONS: The denervated animals presented an increase the body weight gain and mucosal cell proliferation responses when compared to the control group. This experimental model may provide new strategies for the surgical treatment of the short bowel syndrome.

Assessment of antibiotic prophylaxis in surgical patients at the Gaffrée e Guinle University Hospital.

OBJECTIVE: : to evaluate the antibiotic prophylaxis in surgical patients at the Gaffrée e Guinle University Hospital - HUGG. METHODS: : we conducted a rospective study of a cohort of 256 patients undergoing elective operations between January and September 2014. We collected data on demographics, use or not of prophylactic antibiotic and the antibiotic prophylaxis following characteristics: type of antibiotic used, moment of administration and duration of postoperative use. The analyzed outcomes were "justified use or non-use of antibiotic prophylaxis", "correct antibiotic choice," "administration of the antibiotic at the right time" and "discontinuation of the antibiotic at the right time." RESULTS: : antibiotic prophylaxis was used in 91.8% of cases. The use or non-use of antibiotic prophylaxis was justified in 78.9% of patients, the choice of the administered antibiotic was considered correct in 97.9%, antibiotic administration was made at the right time in only 27.2% of patients and discontinuation of the antibiotic was performed at the correct time in 95.7% of cases. CONCLUSION: : the surgical antibiotic prophylaxis was not fully adequately performed in the sample. OBJETIVO: avaliar a antibioticoprofilaxia em pacientes cirúrgicos do Hospital Universitário Gaffrée e Guinle. MÉTODOS: estudo prospectivo de uma coorte de 256 pacientes submetidos à operações eletivas, entre janeiro e setembro de 2014. Foram coletados dados demográficos dos pacientes, se ocorreu utilização ou não do antibiótico profilático e as seguintes características da antibioticoprofilaxia: tipo de antibiótico utilizado, momento da administração e tempo de duração do uso no pós-operatório. Os desfechos de interesse analisados foram "uso ou não uso justificado da antibioticoprofilaxia", "escolha correta do antibiótico", "administração do antibiótico no tempo correto" e "descontinuação do antibiótico no tempo correto". RESULTADOS: a antibioticoprofilaxia foi utilizada em 91,8% dos casos. O uso ou não uso da antibioticoprofilaxia foi justificado em 78,9% dos pacientes, a escolha do antibiótico administrado foi considerada correta em 97,9%, a administração do antibiótico foi feita no momento correto em apenas 27,2% dos pacientes e a descontinuação do antibiótico foi realizada no tempo correto em 95,7% dos casos. CONCLUSÃO: a antibioticoprofilaxia cirúrgica não foi realizada de forma plenamente adequada na amostra estudada.

Minilaparoscopy For Inguinal Hernia Repair.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Inguinal hernia repair is among the most common procedures performed worldwide and the laparoscopic totally extraperitoneal (TEP) approach is a recognized and effective surgical technique. Although technically advantageous because of the option of no mesh fixation and no need for creation of a peritoneal flap resulting, in less postoperative pain and faster recovery, TEP has not achieved the popularity it deserves, mainly because of its complexity and steep learning curve. Minilaparoscopy was first described in the 1990s and has recently gained significantly from better instrumentation that may increase TEP's effectiveness and acceptance. We performed a prospective study, to analyze the outcomes of minilaparoscopy in pain and operative time when compared to the conventional laparoscopic technique in hernia repair. METHODS: Fifty-eight laparoscopic inguinal hernia repairs were performed: 36 by traditional laparoscopic technique and 22 by minilaparoscopic instruments (mini). A study protocol was applied prospectively for data collection. Variables analyzed were early postoperative pain (at hour 6 after procedure), pain at discharge, use of on-demand analgesics, and operative time. RESULTS: The mini group presented reduced early postoperative pain and operative time. The present study also suggests less postoperative pain at discharge with mini procedures, although this difference was not statistically significant. No difference between the groups regarding on-demand use of analgesics was found. CONCLUSIONS: This study corroborates findings in previously published papers that have shown the feasibility of minilaparoscopy in laparoscopic TEP hernia repair and its benefits regarding postoperative pain, operative time, and aesthetic outcomes.

Adherence to guidelines for surgical antibiotic prophylaxis: a review.

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVES: The appropriate use of antibiotic prophylaxis in the perioperative period may reduce the rate of infection in the surgical site. The purpose of this review was to evaluate adherence to guidelines for surgical antibiotic prophylaxis. METHODS: The present systematic review was performed according to the Cochrane Collaboration methodology. The databases selected for this review were: Medline (via PubMed), Scopus and Portal (BVS) with selection of articles published in the 2004-2014 period from the Lilacs and Cochrane databases. RESULTS: The search recovered 859 articles at the databases, with a total of 18 studies selected for synthesis. The outcomes of interest analyzed in the articles were as follows: appropriate indication of antibiotic prophylaxis (ranging from 70.3% to 95%), inappropriate indication (ranging from 2.3% to 100%), administration of antibiotic at the correct time (ranging from 12.73% to 100%), correct antibiotic choice (ranging from 22% to 95%), adequate discontinuation of antibiotic (ranging from 5.8% to 91.4%), and adequate antibiotic prophylaxis (ranging from 0.3% to 84.5%). CONCLUSIONS: Significant variations were observed in all the outcomes assessed, and all the studies indicated a need for greater adherence to guidelines for surgical antibiotic prophylaxis.

Comparative study of the different degrees of risk of gastrointestinal stromal tumor.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the applicability of the main categories of risk and morphological factors in the prognosis of gastrointestinal stromal tumors. METHODS: we retrospectively studied fifty-four cases of GIST, assessing the main prognostic factors of this neoplasis: risk levels, topography, size, mitotic index, necrosis, histological subtype and immunophenotype. We also verified their association and the reduction of overall survival. RESULTS: Univariate analysis showed that tumors with mitoses number greater than 5 per 50CGA (high-power fields), the presence of necrosis and a high risk for both the systems proposed by Fletcher and Miettinen had a significant association with reduced survival (p = 0.00001, 0.0056, 0.03 and 0.009, respectively). The remaining analyzed factors (size, histological subtype, topography and immunophenotype) had no such association. Multivariate analysis (Jacard index) showed that the Miettinen degree of risk was the one that best correlated with prognosis. CONCLUSION: the risk criteria of Fletcher and Miettinen are important in assessing the prognosis of patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumors, especially the latter, which adds to the mitotic index and the presence of tumor necrosis.

Adequate lymphadenectomy for colorectal cancer: a comparative analysis between open and laparoscopic surgery.

BACKGROUND: In the surgical treatment of colorectal cancer, a lymphadenectomy is considered adequate when at least 12 lymph nodes are removed. AIM: To evaluate whether videolaparoscopic surgery positively affects the rates of adequate lymphadenectomy. METHODS: An observational study was conducted with patients undergoing either open or videolaparoscopic surgery for colorectal cancer between 2008 and 2013. The following variables were collected: gender, age, tumor site, histology, degree of differentiation, tumor stage, number of lymph nodes removed, and number of lymph nodes affected by the disease. RESULTS: A total of 62 patients with colorectal cancer were included; 42 (67.7%) received open surgery, and 20 (32.3%) laparoscopic surgery. Regarding lymphadenectomy, a mean of 13 lymph nodes (95% CI: 10-16) were removed in the group that received open surgery, while 19 lymph nodes were removed (95% CI: 14-24) in the laparoscopic surgery group (p=0.021). Adequate lymphadenectomy (removal of at least 12 lymph nodes) was achieved in 58.1% of the total cases, in 50.0% of the patients who received open surgery, and in 75% of those who received laparoscopic surgery. Non-elderly patients and those with an advanced disease stage were more likely to receive an adequate lymphadenectomy (p=0.004 and p=0.035, respectively). CONCLUSION: Disease stage and patient age were the factors that had the greatest influence on achieving an adequate lymphadenectomy. The type of surgery did not affect the number of lymph nodes removed.

[Trauma in the elderly]. / Trauma no idoso.

The populational growth of the elderly, associated to a healthier and more active life, make this group of people more exposed to accidents. In some countries, trauma in the elderly is responsible for a high mortality rate, disproportionately higher than in the adults. This fact consumes a great portion of health care resources and implies in a high social cost. The distinct physiologic characteristics of the elderly and the frequent presence of associated diseases make that these patients behave differently and in a more complex way than patients of other ages. These particularities make that health care to the elderly victims of trauma have to be different. The present revision is about aspects of epidemiology, prevention, physiology, health care and rehabilitation of the elderly victims of trauma.

Multiple approaches to sexually transmitted infections: from diagnosis to treatment

ABSTRACT Sexually transmitted infections are mainly caused by viruses and bacteria. They are transmitted trough sexual intercourse, without a condom, with an infected individual. The anus, vagina, and mouth may become involved. This study aimed to present six clinical cases with the diagnosis of sexually transmitted infections, but in which different treatment approaches were required. This demonstrates the dynamic and unique character of the disease in each individual. That is, the behavior of sexually transmitted infections will vary not only according to its causative microorganism (virus or bacteria), but also according to the characteristics of the combination of etiologic agent and host.

RESUMO As infecções sexualmente transmissíveis são causadas, principalmente, por vírus e bactérias. Por meio do contato sexual, sem preservativo, com um indivíduo que esteja infectado. O ânus, a vagina e a boca podem se tornar órgãos acometidos. O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar 06 casos clínicos com o diagnóstico de infecções sexualmente transmissíveis, mas que para serem tratados foram necessárias diferentes abordagens. Isso demonstra o caráter dinâmico e singular da doença em cada indivíduo. Ou seja, o comportamento das infecções sexualmente transmissíveis vai variar não somente conforme o seu microrganismo causador (vírus × bactéria), mas também de acordo com o conjunto (agente etiológico + hospedeiro).