Analysis of the convective heat transfer through straight fin by using the Riemann-Liouville type fractional derivative: Probed by machine learning.

This work aims to analyze the transfer of heat through new fractional-order convective straight fins by using the Riemann-Liouville type fractional derivatives. The convection through the fins is considered in such a way that the thermal conductivity depends on the temperature. The transformed fractional-order problems are constituted through an optimization problem in such a way that the L2 norm remains minimal. The objective functions are further analyzed with the hybrid Cuckoo search (HCS) algorithm that use the artificial neural network (ANN) mechanism. The impacts of the fractional parameter ß, the thermo-geometric parameter of fin ψ, and dimensionless thermal conductivity α are explained through figures and tables. The fin efficiency during the whole process is explained with larger values of ψ. It is found that the larger values of ψ decline the fin efficacy. The fractional parameter declines the thermal profile as we approach the integer order. The convergence of HCS algorithm is performed in each case study. The residual error touches E-14 for the integer order of α. The present results are validated through Table 6 by comparing with HPM, VIM and LHPM, while the error for HCS-ANN touches E-13. This proves that the proposed HCS is efficient.

A novel approach towards web browser using the concept of a complex spherical fuzzy soft information.

The modern technology is the practical application of scientific knowledge, whether in industry or daily life, for goals or purposes. More quickly than any other technological advancement in human history, digital technologies have advanced. The technology sector is expanding and provides both new educational opportunities and innovative, exciting products. Right now, one of the most widely used and fascinating technologies is the web browser. This article introduced the novel concepts of complex spherical fuzzy soft relations (CSFSRs) by using the Cartesian Product (CP) of two complex spherical fuzzy soft sets (CSFSSs). Additionally, examples are used to clarify various types of relations. Because it discusses all levels of membership, abstinence, and non-membership with multidimensional variables, the CSFSRs have a detailed structure. The CSFSR-based modelling tools developed in this research, which primarily rely on the score function, can be used to choose the best Web browser. The transaction could be as easy as users sharing records via a functional web browser. Finally, the advantages of this suggested structure are illustrated by contrasting it with alternative structures.

Utilizing sine trigonometric q-spherical fuzzy rough aggregation operators for group decision-making and their role in digital transformation.

q-spherical fuzzy rough set (q-SFRS) is also one of the fundamental concepts for addressing more uncertainties in decision problems than the existing structures of fuzzy sets, and thus its implementation was more substantial. The well-known sine trigonometric function maintains the periodicity and symmetry of the origin in nature and thus satisfies the expectations of the experts over the multi-parameters. Taking this feature and the significance of the q-SFRSs into consideration, the main objective of the article is to describe some reliable sine trigonometric laws for SFSs. Associated with these laws, we develop new average and geometric aggregation operators to aggregate the q-spherical fuzzy rough numbers. Then, we presented a group decision-making strategy to address the multi-attribute group decision-making problem using the developed aggregation operators. To verify the value of the defined operators, a MAGDM strategy is provided along with applications for selecting a Cloud Service Provider and a Digital Transformation Vendor for digital transformation. Moreover, a comparative study is also performed to present the effectiveness of the developed approach.

Assessing indoor positioning system: A q-spherical fuzzy rough TOPSIS analysis.

This study investigates advanced data collection methodologies and their implications for understanding employee and customer behavior within specific locations. Employing a comprehensive multi-criteria decision-making framework, we evaluate various technologies based on four distinct criteria and four technological alternatives. To identify the most effective technological solution, we employ the q-spherical fuzzy rough TOPSIS method, integrating three key parameters: lower set approximation, upper set approximation, and parameter q (where q ≥ 1). Our novel approach combines the TOPSIS method with q-spherical fuzzy rough set theory, providing deeper insights into data-driven decision-making processes in corporate environments. By comparing our proposed framework with existing multi-criteria decision-making methodologies, we demonstrate its strength and competitiveness. This research contributes to enhancing decision-making capabilities in corporate settings and beyond.

Role of dietary fiber and lifestyle modification in gut health and sleep quality.

Dietary fiber has an immense role in the gut microbiome by modulating juvenile growth, immune system maturation, glucose, and lipid metabolism. Lifestyle changes might disrupt gut microbiota symbiosis, leading to various chronic diseases with underlying inflammatory conditions, obesity, and its associated pathologies. An interventional study of 16 weeks examined the impact of psyllium husk fiber with and without lifestyle modification on gut health and sleep quality in people with central obesity (men = 60 and women = 60), those aged from 40 to 60 years, those having WC ≥ 90 cm (men) and WC ≥ 80 cm (women), and no history of any chronic disease or regular medication. The participants were subgrouped into three intervention groups, namely, the psyllium husk fiber (PSH) group, the lifestyle modification (LSM) group, and the LSM&PSH group and control group with equal gender bifurcation (men = 15 and women = 15). A 24-h dietary recall, gastrointestinal tract (GIT) symptoms, and sleep quality analysis data were collected on validated questionnaires. The analyses of variance and covariance were used for baseline and post-intervention, respectively. Student's t-test was applied for pre- and post-intervention changes on the variable of interest. The intervention effect on GIT health was highly significant (P < 0.001). The mean GIT scores of the LSM, PSH, and LSM&PSH groups were 2.99 ± 0.14, 2.49 ± 0.14, and 2.71 ± 0.14, respectively, compared to the mean GIT scores of the control group. No significant (P = 0.205) effect of either intervention was observed on sleep quality. The study concluded that psyllium husk fiber significantly improved the GIT symptoms, while no significant effect of the intervention was observed on sleep quality analysis.

Memory type Max-EWMA control chart for the Weibull process under the Bayesian theory.

The simultaneous monitoring of both process mean and dispersion, particularly in normal processes, has garnered significant attention within the field. In this article, we present a new Bayesian Max-EWMA control chart that is intended to track a non-normal process mean and dispersion simultaneously. This is accomplished through the utilization of the inverse response function, especially in cases where the procedure follows a Weibull distribution. We used the average run length (ARL) and the standard deviation of run length (SDRL) to assess the efficacy of our suggested control chart. Next, we contrast our suggested control chart's performance with an already-existing Max-EWMA control chart. Our results show that compared to the control chart under consideration, the proposed control chart exhibits a higher degree of sensitivity. Finally, we present a useful case study centered around the hard-bake process in the semiconductor manufacturing sector to demonstrate the performance of our Bayesian Max-EWMA control chart under different Loss Functions (LFs) for a Weibull process. The case study highlights how flexible the chart is to various situations. Our results offer strong proof of the outstanding ability of the Bayesian Max-EWMA control chart to quickly identify out-of-control signals during the hard-bake procedure. This in turn significantly contributes to the enhancement of process monitoring and quality control.

Enhancing tribo-mechanical, microstructural morphology, and corrosion performance of AZ91D-magnesium composites through the synergistic reinforcements of silicon nitride and waste glass powder.

The present investigation has employed recycled waste glass powder (WGP) and silicon nitride (Si3N4) as reinforcing-agents within AZ91D-matrix composites. The composites were fabricated by employing the vacuum stir casting technique to mitigate the effects of oxidation and to ensure homogeneity, uniformity, and superior wettability among the AZ91D-matrix and reinforcements. A microscopic study provided confirmation of a uniform dispersion of WGP and Si3N4 particles throughout the AZ91D-matrix. The tensile strength of the AZ91D/WGP/Si3N4 composites rise with the inclusion of WGP particulates by up to 1.5 percent in AZ91D/7.5% Si3N4. However, the tensile strength of the AZ91D/9%Si3N4 composite have showed maximum value as compared to other chosen formulations/combinations in the current investigation. The tensile strength of AZ91D/1.5% WGP/7.5% Si3N4 composites has strengthened up to 12.13 percent with the comparison of base alloy AZ91D-matrix. In A1 formulated composite, the amount of WGP particulate has enhanced the hardness of the AZ91D-alloy by up to 1.5 percent. Findings, nevertheless has exhibited that the A6 formulated composite had superior outcomes in terms of hardness. The incorporation of "reinforcing-constituent particulates" with 1.5%WGP + 7.5%Si3N4 combination within the AZ91D-matrix, has further increased fatigue-strength by around 57.84 percent. A weight-loss of 0.312 mg was being unveiled for the A1 formulated fabricated composite. The weight-loss for the A6 formulated fabricated composite, however, was reported to be 0.294 mg. At 5 N loads, 2 m/s sliding speed, and 1000 m of sliding distance, the developed 1.5%WGP/7.5%Si3N4/AZ91D composites was reported to have a rate of wear, and frictional coefficient of 0.0025 mm3/m and 0.315, respectively. The investigation employing scanning electron microscopy (SEM) identified the presence of corrosion pits on the surfaces that had undergone corrosion. These pits were found to be a result of localised surface assaults occurring in corrosive environments. Additionally, SEM pictures of the worn surfaces indicated the emergence of microcracks, which may be associated to the conditions of cyclic loading. Moreover, the tensile-fractography examination for the developed 1.5%WGP/7.5%Si3N4/AZ91D composites has exhibited the brittle fracture failure, including cracks and debonding phenomena. In addition, the EDS spectra-analysis have revealed an apparent existence of the observed Mg-peak, Si-peak, Al-peak, Ca-peak, and O-peak for the 1.5%WGP/7.5%Si3N4/AZ91D composites. Furthermore, the utilisation of X-ray diffraction analysis effectively determined the existence of hard phases inside the AZ91D-matrix, which significantly contributed to the reported enhancement in wear resistance. The development of harder-phases has included, α-Mg, Al12Mg17, SiO2, Si3N4, MgO, and CaO phases within the composite has been accountable for the enhancement of the tribomechanical, and wear-resistance characteristics of the AZ91D/WGP/Si3N4 composites. The Si3N4 has been discovered to have a substantial impact on enhancing mechanical performance and raising the resistance to wear.

Dynamics of the time-fractional reaction-diffusion coupled equations in biological and chemical processes.

This paper aims to demonstrate a numerical strategy via finite difference formulations for time fractional reaction-diffusion models which are ubiquitous in chemical and biological phenomena. The time-fractional derivative is considered in the Caputo sense for both linear and nonlinear problems. First, the Caputo derivative is replaced with a quadrature formula, then an implicit method is used for the remaining part. In the linear case, the proposed strategy reduces the time fractional models into linear simultaneous equations. In nonlinear cases, Quasilinearization is utilized to tackle the nonlinear parts. With this strategy, solutions of the fractional system transform into linear algebraic systems which are easy to solve. Next, the Von Neumann method is implemented to examine the stability of the scheme which discloses that the scheme is unconditionally stable. Further, the applicability of the presented scheme is tested with different linear and nonlinear models which include the one dimensional Schnakenberg and Gray-Scott models, and one and two dimensional Brusselator models. To analyze the accuracy of the present technique two norms namely, L ∞ and L 2 , and relative error are addressed. Moreover, the obtained outcomes are shown tabulated and graphically which identifies that the scheme properly works for the time fractional reaction-diffusion systems.

Utilization of discarded face masks in combination with recycled concrete aggregate and silica fume for sustainable civil construction projects.

The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has not only had a severe impact on global health but also poses a threat to the environment. This research aims to explore an innovative approach to address the issue of increased waste generated by the pandemic. Specifically, the study investigates the utilization of discarded face masks in combination with recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) and Silica Fume (SFM) in civil construction projects. The disposable face masks were processed by removing the ear loops and nose strips, and then cutting them into small fibers measuring 20 mm in length, 5 mm in width, and 0.46 mm in thickness, resulting in an aspect ratio of 24. Various proportions of SFM and RCA were incorporated into the concrete mix, with a focus on evaluating the compressive strength, split tensile strength, and durability of the resulting material. The findings indicate that the addition of SFM led to improvements in both compressive and split tensile strength, while no significant impact on durability was observed.

Provenance, diagenesis, and depositional environment of Miocene Kamlial Formation, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Sub Himalayas, Pakistan: Evidences from field observations and petrography.

Petrographical characterization and field observations were caried out to evaluate Kamlial Formation in Bagh district, Azad Jammu and Kashmir. Based on detailed petrography, the lithic arenite consisted of quartz (20-25%), feldspar (7-11%), rock fragments (20-37%), cementing materials (11-21%), and accessory minerals. Grains are mostly angular to subrounded and poorly to moderately sorted. The analysis revealed that the lithic arenite is mineralogically immature; also, the current activity during the time of deposition was low. Polycrystalline quartz indicates that the sandstone was derived from metamorphic source, while monocrystalline quartz indicates a granitic origin. Quartz having an angular shape suggests the source rock was near the depositional site, while quartz having a rounded shape represents long transportation. The presence of feldspar in the lithic arenite suggests the rocks were deposited at high relief or cold temperatures. Primary porosity in sandstone was reduced by calcite cements around the grain, while secondary porosity was developed by fracturing of quartz and feldspar. Tectonic uplift in the study area was demonstrated by fractured quartz and mica in thin sections. Field observations of various sedimentary structures were observed such as load casts, ripple marks, and mud cracks, etc. The presence of conglomerates and load casts in the study area indicates that the Kamlial sandstone was deposited by fluvial and shallow marine environment. Furthermore, the ripple marks indicate that the tidal flat environment controlled the deposition of the sediments.

Physicomechanical, Wettability, Corrosion, Thermal, and Microstructural Morphology Characteristics of Carbonized and Uncarbonized Bagasse Ash Waste-Reinforced Al-0.45Mg-0.35Fe-0.25Si-Based Composites: Fabrications and Characterizations.

An effort was being made to incorporate waste bagasse ash (WBA) both in carbonized and uncarbonized form into the formulation of Al6063 matrix-based metal matrix composites (MMC's) by partially substituting ceramic particles for them. In the process of developing composites, comparative research on carbonized WBA and uncarbonized bagasse powder was carried out in the role of reinforcement. Microstructure investigations revealed that carbonized WBA particles were properly distributed throughout the aluminum-base metal matrix alloy. They also had the appropriate level of wettability. The reinforcement of carbonized WBA particles in AA6063-based matrix material had a maximum tensile strength of 110 MPa and a maximal hardness of 39 BHN when 3.75 wt % of the particles were used. The deterioration in tensile strength (6.25 wt % of WBA) and the appearance of porosity and blowholes can be enumerated by tensile fractography-based scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. The reinforcement of carbonized WBA particles in AA6063-based matrix material was found to have a maximal percent elongation of 14.42% and the highest fracture toughness of 15 Joules when 1.25 wt % of the particles were employed. For AA6063/3.75 wt % carbonized WBA-based MMC's, the minimum percent porosity was determined to be 5.83, and the minimum thermal expansion was found to be 45 mm3. As the percentage of reinforcement in bagasse-reinforced composites increases, the density of the material, the amount of corrosion loss, and the cost all decrease gradually. The AA6063 matrix, with a composition of 3.75 wt % carbonized WBA-based MMC's, had satisfactory specific strength and corrosion loss. The AA6063 alloy composite's microstructure analysis revealed that carbonized WBA enhanced the material's mechanical characteristics, contributing to its excellent mechanical capabilities. The results of the corrosion test showed that carbonized WBA-reinforced composites exhibited reduced weight loss due to corrosion, whereas uncarbonized bagasse powder was an inappropriate reinforcement. The SEM analysis of AA6063 alloy/3.75 wt % carbonized WBA ash reinforcement-based MMC's exposed to a 3.5 wt % NaCl solution has exhibited the development of corrosion pits as a result of localized attack by the corrosive environment. The thermal expansion test showed that the composite with uncarbonized bagasse powder as reinforcement have a high shrinkage rate in comparison with the composite with 3.75 wt %. The composite's mechanical characteristics and thermal stability were enhanced by the presence of hard phases like SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3, CaO, and MgO, as revealed by X-ray diffraction analysis. This made it suitable for use in a variety of applications.

Exploring Microstructural, Interfacial, Mechanical, and Wear Properties of AlSi7Mg0.3 Composites with TiMOVWCr High-Entropy Alloy Powder.

This study explored the impact of varying weight percentages of TiMoVWCr high-entropy alloy (HEA) powder addition on A356 composites produced using friction stir processing (FSP). Unlike previous research that often focused on singular aspects, such as mechanical properties, or microstructural analysis, this investigation systematically examined the multifaceted performance of A356 composites by comprehensively assessing the microstructure, interfacial bonding strength, mechanical properties, and wear behavior. The study identified a uniform distribution of TiMoVWCr HEA powder in the composition A356/2%Ti2%Mo2%V2%W2%Cr, highlighting the effectiveness of the FSP technique in achieving homogeneous dispersion. Strong bonding between the reinforcement and matrix material was observed in the same composition, indicating favorable interfacial characteristics. Mechanical properties, including tensile strength and hardness, were evaluated for various compositions, demonstrating significant improvements across the board. The addition of 2%Ti2%Mo2%V2%W2%Cr powder enhanced the tensile strength by 36.39%, while hardness improved by 62.71%. Similarly, wear resistance showed notable enhancements ranging from 35.56 to 48.89% for different compositions. Microstructural analysis revealed approximately 1640.59 grains per square inch for the A356/2%Ti2%Mo2%V2%W2%Cr processed composite at 500 magnifications. In reinforcing Al composites with Ti, Mo, V, W, and Cr high-entropy alloy (HEA) particles, each element imparted distinct benefits. Titanium (Ti) enhanced strength and wear resistance, molybdenum (Mo) contributed to improved hardness, vanadium (V) promoted hardenability, tungsten (W) enhanced wear resistance, and chromium (Cr) provided wear resistance and hardness. Anticipating the potential applications of the developed composite, the study suggests its suitability for the aerospace sector, particularly in casting lightweight yet high-strength parts such as aircraft components, engine components, and structural components, underlining the significance of the investigated TiMoVWCr HEA powder-modified A356 composites.

Multiwaves, breathers, lump and other solutions for the Heimburg model in biomembranes and nerves.

In this manuscript, a mathematical model known as the Heimburg model is investigated analytically to get the soliton solutions. Both biomembranes and nerves can be studied using this model. The cell membrane's lipid bilayer is regarded by the model as a substance that experiences phase transitions. It implies that the membrane responds to electrical disruptions in a nonlinear way. The importance of ionic conductance in nerve impulse propagation is shown by Heimburg's model. The dynamics of the electromechanical pulse in a nerve are analytically investigated using the Hirota Bilinear method. The various types of solitons are investigates, such as homoclinic breather waves, interaction via double exponents, lump waves, multi-wave, mixed type solutions, and periodic cross kink solutions. The electromechanical pulse's ensuing three-dimensional and contour shapes offer crucial insight into how nerves function and may one day be used in medicine and the biological sciences. Our grasp of soliton dynamics is improved by this research, which also opens up new directions for biomedical investigation and medical developments. A few 3D and contour profiles have also been created for new solutions, and interaction behaviors have also been shown.

Improved exponential type mean estimators for non-response case using two concomitant variables in simple random sampling.

This paper addresses new exponential estimators for population mean in case of non-response on both the study and the concomitant variables using simple random sampling. The expressions for theoretical bias and mean square error of new estimators are derived up to first-order approximation and comparisons are made with the existing estimators. The proposed estimators are observed more efficient as compared to the considered estimators in the literature. For instance, the classical [4] unbiased estimator, the estimator of [9], and other existing estimators under the explained conditions. The theoretical results are supported numerically by using real-life data sets, under the criteria of bias, mean square error, percent relative efficiency and mathematical conditions. It is also clear from the numerical results that the suggested exponential estimators performed better than the estimators in the literature.

Investigation of surface hardness, thermostability, tribo-corrosion, and microstructural morphological properties of microwave-synthesized high entropy alloy FeCoNiMnCu coating claddings on steel.

Deposition of high entropy alloy FeCoNiMnCu on SS-304 was carried out by microwave energy for application in "solid oxide fuel-cell (SOFC) interconnects". The ball-milling has been performed by taking "Fe, Co, Ni, Mn, and Cu" in equal 20 wt. % of before deposited on SS-304 substrate. The deposited steel with 20% Fe 20% Co 20% Ni 20% Mn 20% Cu high entropy alloy (HEA) was exposed to thermal-exposure in the air for up to 10 weeks at 800 °C. The uniform cladding distribution of 20% Fe 20% Co 20% Ni 20% Mn 20% Cu HEA particles can be apparently observed on SS-304 substrate by utilizing Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), and Optical microscopy analysis. Homogeneity in the interfacial layer was evident by employing Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) characterization. Results have indicated that after the thermal exposure of deposited steel with 20% Fe 20% Co 20% Ni 20% Mn 20% Cu in the air for up to ten weeks at 800 °C, a "protective Cr2O3 layer", and "high-entropy spinel coating" of (Fe, Co, Ni, Mn, Cu)3O4 have been formed. During microwave cladding, the emergence of harder-phases has contributed to the raised hardness. The wear behavior after coating of 20% Fe 20% Co 20% Ni 20% Mn 20% Cu HEA on SS-304 substrate has significantly enhanced due to the strengthened wear resistance and hardness of the coatings. Findings have exhibited that the formation of (Fe, Co, Ni, Mn, Cu)3O4 phase is a potential coating material for "SOFC interconnects" applications. Moreover, the cladding of SS304 with a composition of 20% Fe, 20% Co, 20% Ni, 20% Mn, and 20% Cu has demonstrated remarkable stability under thermal expansion studies. As the findings have revealed that the composite cladding has efficiently withstand significant variations in volume when subjected to elevated temperatures for a prolonged period of time, thus, exhibiting its superior thermal stability for SOFC-interconnect applications. Furthermore, the SEM images of the cladding surface, surface hardness, and tribocorrosion behavior of the coated material have been observed to identify the 20% Fe 20% Co 20% Ni 20% Mn 20% Cu HEA coating effect on SS-304 steel-substrate.

Fabrication and Characterization of Montmorillonite Clay/Agar-Based Magnetic Composite and Its Biological and Electrical Conductivity Evaluation.

Montmorillonite clay and agar are naturally occurring materials of significant importance in designing biocompatible materials tailored for applications in biotechnology and medicine. The introduction of magnetic properties has the potential to significantly boost their characteristics and expand their applications. In this study, we have successfully synthesized highly intercalated magnetic composites, incorporating magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (MNPs), montmorillonite clay (MMT), and agar (AG), through a thermo-physicomechanical method. Three samples of MMT-AG with 2, 1.5, and 0.5% MNPs and three sample composites of MNPs-AG with 2, 1, and 0.5% MMT clay are prepared. The synthesized composites were characterized by SEM, XRD, TGA, DTA, and FTIR. SEM analysis revealed a uniform dispersion of MNPs and MMT in the composite. The XRD pattern confirmed the presence of MNPs in the composite site. The TGA and DTA results demonstrated improved thermal stability due to the MNP incorporation. FTIR spectra showed all of the constituents of agar, MNPs, and MMT clay. The swelling ratio was observed to range from 835% to 1739%. The swelling study indicated an increased hydrophobicity with the addition of MNPs to the composite. Antibacterial activities revealed a significant inhibition of Escherichia coli (E. coli) growth by ranging from 10 to 19 nm in the composite. The composite also exhibited a considerable antioxidant action, with IC50 values of 7.96, 46.55, and 57.58 µg/mL, and electrical properties just like conductors.

Enhancing medical ultrasound imaging through fractional mathematical modeling of ultrasound bubble dynamics.

The classical mathematical modeling of ultrasound acoustic bubble is so far using to improve the medical imaging quality. A clear and visible medical ultrasound image relies on bubble's diameter, wavelength and intensity of the scattered sound. A bubble with diameter much smaller than the sound wavelength is regarded as highly efficient source of sound scattering. The dynamical equation for a medical ultrasound bubble is primarily modeled in classical integer-order differential equation. Then a reduction of order technique is used to convert the modeled dynamic equation for the bubble surface into a system of incommensurate fractional-orders. The incommensurate fractional-order values are calculated directly, by using Riemann stability region. On the basis of stability the convergence and accuracy of the numerical scheme is also discussed in detail. It has been found that the system will remain stable and chaotic for the incommensurate values α1<0.737 and α2<2.80, respectively.

Numerical assessment of irreversibility in radiated Sutterby nanofluid flow with activation energy and Darcy Forchheimer.

Entropy generation is a concept that is primarily associated with thermodynamics and engineering, and it plays a crucial role in understanding and optimizing various processes and systems. Applications of entropy generation can be seen in turbo machinery, reactors, chillers, desert coolers, vehicle engines, air conditioners, heat transfer devices and combustion. Due to industrial applications entropy generation has gained attention of researchers. Owing such applications, current communication aims to model and analyzed the irreversibility in Sutterby nanoliquid flow by stretched cylinder. Momentum equation is reported by considering porosity, Darcy Forchheimer and magnetic field. While in energy equation radiation and Joule heating effects are accounted. Activation energy impact is accounted in the modeling of concentration equation. Thermodynamics second law is utilized for physical description of irreversibility analysis. Through similarity transformations dimensional equations representing flow are transformed to dimensionless ones. Numerical solution for ordinary system is obtained via Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg scheme in Mathematica platform through NDsolve code. Influence of prominent variables on velocity, entropy, temperature, Bejan number and concentration are graphically analyzed. Coefficient of skin friction, gradient of temperature and Sherwood number are numerically analyzed. The obtained results show that velocity field decreases through higher porosity and Forchheimer variables. Velocity and temperature curves shows an opposite trend versus magnetic parameter. A decay in concentration distribution is noticed through larger Schmidt number. Entropy generation amplifies against magnetic parameter and Brinkman number.

Monitoring of manufacturing process using bayesian EWMA control chart under ranked based sampling designs.

Control charts, including exponentially moving average (EWMA) , are valuable for efficiently detecting small to moderate shifts. This study introduces a Bayesian EWMA control chart that employs ranked set sampling (RSS) with known prior information and two distinct loss functions (LFs), the Square Error Loss function (SELF) and the Linex Loss function (LLF), for posterior and posterior predictive distributions. The chart's performance is assessed using average run length (ARL) and standard deviation of run length (SDRL) profiles, and it is compared to the Bayesian EWMA control chart based on simple random sampling (SRS). The results indicate that the proposed control chart detects small to moderate shifts more effectively. The application in semiconductor manufacturing provides concrete evidence that the Bayesian EWMA control chart, when implemented with RSS schemes, demonstrates a higher degree of sensitivity in detecting deviations from normal process behavior. Comparison to the Bayesian EWMA control chart using SRS, it exhibits a superior ability to identify and flag instances where the manufacturing process is going out of control. This heightened sensitivity is critical for promptly addressing and rectifying issues, which ultimately contributes to improved quality control in semiconductor production.

Rheological study of Hall current and slip boundary conditions on fluid-nanoparticle phases in a convergent channel.

Purpose: the purpose of this theoretical study was to analyze the heat transfer in the fluid-particle suspension model under the effects of a porous medium, magnetic field, Hall effects, and slip boundary conditions in a convergent channel with the addition of electrokinetic phenomena. The Darcy-Brinkman (non-Darcy porous medium) model was used to assess the effects of the porous medium. Methodology: the rheological equations of both models were transformed into a dimensionless form to obtain the exact solutions of the fluid and particle phase velocities, pressure gradient, volumetric flow rate, stream function, temperature distribution, and heat-transfer rate. To obtain an exact solution to the models, the physical aspects of the parameters are discussed, analyzed, and reported through graphs, contour plots, and in tabular form. Findings: mixing in hafnium particles in a viscous fluid provide 1.2% more cooling compared to with a regular fluid. A reduction of the streamlines was observed with the contribution of the slip condition. The utilization of the Darcy parameters upgraded both the fluid flow and temperature profiles, while the heat-transfer rate decreased by up to 3.3% and 1.7% with the addition of a magnetic field and porous medium, respectively. Originality: the current study is an original work of the authors and has not been submitted nor published elsewhere.