RESUMEN
Drug-facilitated sexual assault (DFSA) is a topic of growing social concern in recent years. Despite this, few empirical studies carried out in Spain have analysed the phenomenon from a preventive approach. The aim of this study, in addition to providing new evidence on DFSA, specifically in minors, was to identify possible associated variables, thus contributing to a better understanding of the problem and to the design of more effective prevention policies. To this end, a survey was carried out among minors in the autonomous community of Galicia. A total of 7,181 students aged 12 to 17 (M = 14.79; SD = 1.57) participated. Data collection was carried out by means of a self-administered questionnaire on paper. Data concerning DFSA were collected by means of specific items, piloted beforehand. Screening instruments for problem drug use (AUDIT, CAST, CRAFFT and EUPI-a) were also used. The results allow us to estimate the rate of victimisation by DFSA in Galician minors at 1.7%, of which only 11.4% would have reported it. Beyond the socio-demographic profile of the victims (females in 2 out of 3 cases), they present different patterns with regard to the pattern of problematic consumption of alcohol and other substances and the pattern of problematic use of the Internet and social networks, with a significantly higher prevalence of online risk behaviours. This suggests that this phenomenon goes far beyond sexual violence, so it is necessary to address it at a preventive level from a comprehensive perspective, including educational and public health perspectives.
Las agresiones sexuales facilitadas por drogas (DFSA) constituyen un tópico que viene suscitando una creciente preocupación social en los últimos años. Pese a ello, son pocos los trabajos empíricos llevados a cabo en España que hayan analizado el fenómeno desde un enfoque preventivo. El objetivo de este trabajo, además de aportar nueva evidencia respecto a las DFSA, concretamente en el ámbito de los menores, ha sido identificar posibles variables asociadas, contribuyendo así a comprender mejor el problema y a diseñar políticas de prevención más eficaces. Para ello se realizó una encuesta entre menores de la comunidad autónoma gallega. Participaron 7.181 estudiantes de 12 a 17 años (M= 14,79; DT=1,57). La recogida de datos se realizó mediante un cuestionario autoadministrado. Los datos referentes a las DFSA fueron recogidos mediante ítems específicos, pilotados previamente. Se utilizaron también instrumentos para el cribado de consumos problemáticos (AUDIT, CAST, CRAFFT y EUPI-a). Los resultados permiten estimar la tasa de victimización por DFSA en menores gallegos en un 1,7%, de los que únicamente habrían denunciado el 11,4%. Más allá del perfil sociodemográfico de las víctimas (mujeres en 2 de cada 3 casos), éstas presentan patrones diferenciados respecto al patrón de consumo problemático de alcohol y otras sustancias y al patrón de uso problemático de Internet y redes sociales, con una prevalencia significativamente mayor de conductas de riesgo online. Ello sugiere que este fenómeno va mucho más allá de la violencia sexual, por lo que es preciso abordarlo a nivel preventivo desde una perspectiva integral, incluyendo la perspectiva educativa y de salud pública.
RESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: The expansion of new tobacco consumption formats and electronic vapor products threatens to reverse the trend of declining smoking rates that had been observed among younger people in recent decades. Early detection in the health sector requires screening tools that have been adapted and validated in our context. This study aims to translate, culturally adapt, pilot and empirically validate the Hooked on Nicotine Checklist (HONC) with Spanish adolescents. METHODS: The process of translation and cultural adaptation included the following stages: direct translation, synthesis of translations, back translation, consolidation with a committee of experts and pre-test, along with a cognitive interview, which served as pilot testing. Empirical validation was conducted with a sample of 1027 adolescents aged between 12 and 18 (M=15.40; SD=1.638). RESULTS: The results obtained confirm that the HONC is a brief, clear and easy-to-understand tool, with appropriate psychometric properties. A Cronbach's alpha value of 0.90 was obtained. Sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV indices reached values of 0.56, 0.94, 0.79 and 0.83, respectively. Cut-off point 1 is the one reaching the best balance between the two values. CFA showed a model good overall fit. CONCLUSION: This study makes the Spanish version of the HONC available to researchers and clinicians, so that it can be used with sufficient psychometric guarantees.
Asunto(s)
Lista de Verificación , Traducciones , Humanos , Adolescente , España , Femenino , Masculino , Niño , Psicometría , Proyectos Piloto , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , VapeoRESUMEN
El objetivo de este estudio fue describir las características de los índices antropométricos en canoístas de categoría cadete. A un total de 33 canoístas se les valoró peso, talla, envergadura, talla sentado, perímetros de la cintura y cadera, longitudes del brazo y antebrazo, así como diámetros biacromial y biileocrestal. Se calculó el índice de masa corporal (IMC), ratio cintura-cadera, envergadura relativa e índices córmico, de Manouvrier, acromio-iliaco y braquial. La mayor parte de los canoístas de categoría cadete obtuvieron valores propios de normopeso respecto al IMC, valores bajos de ratio cintura-cadera y una envergadura mayor que la altura. Existe una mayor variedad respecto al resto de índices estudiados, dándose un mayor número de casos de tronco medio para el índice córmico, extremidades inferiores largas para el índice de Manuovrier, tronco trapezoidal e intermedio para el índice acromio-iliaco y antebrazo medio y corto para el índice braquial.
The objective of this study was to describe the characteristics of the anthropometric indexes in male young sprint canoeists. Body mass, stature, sitting height, arm spam, waist and hip girths, arm and forearm lengths and biacromial and biiliocristal breaths were measured in the 33 canoeists. Anthropometric indexes were obtained: body mass index, waist-hip ratio, relative arm spam and cormic, Manouvrier's, acromial-iliac and brachial indexes. Most paddlers had a healthy weight for height, a low waist-hip ratio, and a higher arm span than stretch stature. Results were more varied in other indexes, with a higher number of paddlers who had intermediate trunk length for Cormic index, long lower limbs for Manouvrier index, intermediate an trapezoidal trunk shape for acromial-iliac index and a medium and short forearm length for brachial index.