Studying the complications of bariatric surgery with intravenous contrast-enhanced multidetector computed tomography. / Estudio de las complicaciones de la cirugía bariátrica por tomografía computarizada multidetector con contraste intravenoso.

OBJECTIVE: To review the complications of bariatric surgery and their diagnosis with intravenous contrast-enhanced multidetector computed tomography (MDCT). MATERIAL AND METHODS: We retrospectively studied all patients who underwent gastric bypass or sleeve gastrectomy at our center during 2013 or 2014. We classified complications into early complications (appearing within 30 days of the intervention) and late complications. RESULTS: We reviewed 155 cases and found 24 complications in 22 patients: 16 early complications (7 intraperitoneal hematomas, 5 anastomotic dehiscences, 2 intestinal obstructions, and 2 external hernias) and 8 late complications (3 internal hernias, 3 intestinal perforations, and 2 marginal ulcers). Two patients died. All of these complications were diagnosed with intravenous contrast-enhanced MDCT, except one, which required a barium transit study. CONCLUSION: The rate of complications in bariatric surgery is high and the associated mortality is not negligible. Radiologists need to know the normal findings in these patients so they can quickly identify possible complications, most of which can be diagnosed with intravenous contrast-enhanced MDCT.

Proinflammatory cytokines induce RANTES and MCP-1 synthesis in human corneal keratocytes but not in corneal epithelial cells. Beta-chemokine synthesis in corneal cells.

PURPOSE: To determine whether human corneal epithelial cells and keratocytes produce chemokines regulated upon activation, normal T-cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) protein and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) after exposure to proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1 alpha) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha). METHODS: Pure cultures of human corneal epithelial cells and keratocytes were exposed to increasing concentrations of either human recombinant IL-1 alpha or TNF-alpha. At selected time intervals after exposure, culture supernatants were removed and assayed for RANTES and MCP-1 by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Total RNA was extracted from the cell cultures, and steady state mRNA levels were measured by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: Exposure to keratocytes to either IL-1 alpha or TNF-alpha resulted in > 100-fold increases in RANTES protein secretion and > 150-fold increases in MCP-1 protein secretion, as well as in rapid sustained increases in intracellular levels of their corresponding mRNAs. Exposure of corneal epithelial cells to IL-1 alpha and TNF-alpha did not stimulate MCP-1 secretion nor intracellular levels of MCP-1 mRNA. Epithelial cells also failed to secrete RANTES protein even through the two inducing cytokines did stimulate increased expression of RANTES mRNA. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that RANTES and MCP-1 gene expression in human keratocytes differs markedly from their expression in human corneal epithelial cells and that the stroma of the cornea may be more important than the epithelium in recruitment of mononuclear leukocytes responsible for cell-mediated immunity.

[MRI findings in iliotibial band friction syndrome: a report of two cases]. / Hallazgos en resonancia magnética en el síndrome de fricción de la banda iliotibial. A propósito de dos casos.

We present the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in two males clinically diagnosed with iliotibial band friction syndrome (IBFS), a frequent cause of pain in the lateral compartment of the knee. Coronal T2-weighted images with fat saturation show an ill-defined area of high signal intensity in the soft tissues situated immediately below the iliotibial band lateral to the external condyle of the femur. No thickening of the iliotibial band or changes in its signal intensity were observed. Osseous edema and subchondral osseous erosion in the external condyle of the femur were observed in both cases. Pain in the lateral compartment of the knee might be due to multiple causes that should be included in the differential diagnosis and MRI can play a significant role in reaching the definitive diagnosis.

[Sarcoidosis with systemic involvement: a report of two cases]. / Sarcoidosis con afectación sistémica. A propósito de dos casos.

Sarcoidosis is a multisystemic granulomatose disease of unknown origin that most often affects the lung parenchyma and the mediastinal lymph nodes. Although less common, involvement of the abdominal organs and the central nervous is also possible. We present the radiological findings observed in two patients diagnosed with sarcoidosis with systemic involvement. In one case, the disease affected the lung, spleen, mediastinal and abdominal lymph nodes, whereas in the other case it affected the lung, spleen, abdominal lymph nodes and central nervous system. The aim of this report is to review the radiologic manifestations of this disease.

Thyroid follicular carcinoma: a case report.

We present an 8-year-old boy with thyroid follicular carcinoma. Differentiated thyroid follicular carcinoma is very uncommon in childhood and is not usually suspected as the explanation of a thyroid nodule during infancy. The purpose of our paper is to demonstrate the imaging findings in a child and to emphasise the importance of including this tumour in the differential diagnosis of thyroid nodules in children.