RESUMEN
The most frequent instrument used to begin tightening screws is a manually regulated screwdriver. Regarding manually regulated screwdrivers, predicted margins of error vary between fifteen percent to forty eight percent. Mechanical Torque restricting devices can consistently produce the requisite torques. As a result, devices like wrenches are needed to achieve the desirable values of torque. Hence, the present study was designed to evaluate the torque difference between handheld drivers and torque wrench and thereby its effect on the internal threads of implant surface.120 blocks was prepared from an autopolymerizing type of acrylic material each with a dimension of 1 inch. The centre of each block was affixed with analogue of dental impalnts with dimensions of 3.5 mm width and 13 mm length. With 60 specimens each, these models were split into two categories: hand torque specimens category and torque wrench specimens category. A stereomicroscope was used to look at the implant analog's internal threading architecture at a magnification of 100. At the bottom and top, four threads were spaced apart by a certain amount. Biowizard software was used for the assessment, and the results were recorded. Threads on the internal surface of dental implants were produced once more following torquing the implant's impression, and the stereomicroscope was used to quantify the separation between the 4 threads. Statistics were used to correlate the readings. All study participants' hand torque as well as torque wrench measurements were documented and statistical analysis was performed on them. When there was statistical analysis of the measurements then it was observed that mean values of torque in specimens included category of manual torque application was found out to be 33.6 ± 6.510 Ncm. On the other hand the mean values of torque in specimens included in category of torque application by torque wrench were found out to be 33.57 ± 3.472 Ncm. The outcome showed operator heterogeneity for both categories and operator variance when using a manual driver to generate torque. One independent - sample t test was used to contrast the mean data between the two categories, and P< 0.05 was chosen to determine whether the intergroup difference was meaningful. Because the torque values obtained with hand tightening were uneven, it may be concluded that different levels of hand torquing skill caused the torque to fluctuate. The torque wrench device displayed the desired torque data in the range that the manufacturer had advised. However, utilising manual drivers and a mechanical torque instrument did not cause any modifications to thread on the internal surface, and it rarely underwent significant deformation during the preliminary tightening torque readings. Thus, given that manually hand regulated drivers create a range of torques, it may be inferred that the employment of mechanical torque restricting instruments should be required.
RESUMEN
Endo-perio lesions involve a variety of therapy choices that will lead to the best possible elimination of infection. Various therapy approaches have been investigated for curing of patients affected by endo-perio abnormalities. One of the second-generation platelet derivatives is plasma enriched with platelet (PRP).They may aid in the healing of wounds. Enhanced with platelets cells and several growth factors, platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) promotes repair and healing and regeneration of tissue at the periapical area. Platelet cell and leukocyte cell enriched fibrin, prepared in conjunction with titanium (T-PRF), is analogous to fibrin made using the traditional PRF process.The current study was undertaken to compare PRF against T-PRF in the therapy of endo-perio abnormalities using the basic information that was available.280 patients of all sexes between the ages of 18 years and 58 years make up the study's participants. They were divided into two categories. In category I study participants PRF was employed to fill the defect created due to pathology and in category II patients, a T-PRF was used, accompanied by suturing. The one walled, two walled, and three-wall walled infrabony abnormalities were quantified on the digital images acquired using the grid. After three months and six months, the probing periodontal pocket depth in mm and level of attachment (RAL) in mm were measured. In category one, mean change at 3 months was 3.21mm accounting for 33.79% change in PPD. On the other hand mean change at 6 months was 3.61mm accounting for 43.79% change in PPD. When there was evaluation in study participants in category two then it was observed that mean change at 3 months was 2.02mm accounting for 34.79% change in PPD. On the other hand mean change at 6 months was 3.62 mm accounting for 44.79% change in PPD. There was reduction of depth of periodontal pocket at both 3 months follow up and 6 months follow in both categories; however there was no statistical significant variation observed between the two categories regarding decrease in the depth of periodontal pocket on analysis of intergroup variations. It was concluded that there was increase in periodontal attachment and decrease in depth of periodontal pocket in both PRF and T-PRF however there was no statistical substantial variation observed between the two categories regarding increase in the attachment level or decrease in depth of periodontal when intergroup variations between PRF and T-PRF were considered.