Cerebral large vessel vasculitis in systemic lupus erythematosus.

Neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus (NPSLE) is defined by involvement of the central nervous system in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), with a wide range of both neurological and psychiatric manifestations. Although its aetiopathogenesis is not fully elucidated, NPSLE seems to be a consequence of cerebral vascular pathology including thromboembolism, small-vessel vasculopathy and, in rare cases, true vasculitis. Cerebral vasculitis is rare, and cerebral large-vessel vasculitis in SLE is even more unusual. We report the case of a female patient with the diagnosis of SLE. She presented with stroke-like symptoms, headache and vertigo, and palpable purpura on her legs. Further investigations revealed that she suffered from both vasculitis of the cerebral large vessels and coexisting cutaneous small-vessel vasculitis.

Effect of NiAl alloy microparticles deposited in flexible SERS substrates on the limit of detection of rhodamine B molecules.

Flexible-SERS (FSERS) substrates were fabricated by depositing Ni64Al36(NiAl)-alloy-microparticles and/or spherical Ag-NPs (sizes of 10-40 nm) on recycled plastics, which had an aluminum layer on their surface. First, FSERS substrates made of Al + Ag-NPs and an area of 1 cm2 were used to detect rhodamine B (RhB) molecules. The limit-of-detection (LOD) for RhB was 8.35 × 10-22 moles (∼503 molecules), and the enhancement factor (EF) was 3.11 × 1015. After adding NiAl-microparticles to the substrate, the LOD decreased to 8.35 × 10-24 moles (∼5 molecules) and the EF was increased to 2.05 × 1017. Such EF values were calculated with respect to substrates made only with Al + NiAl-alloy (without Ag-NPs), which did not show any Raman signal. Other FSERS substrates were made with graphene-layer + Ag-NPs or graphene-layer + NiAl-alloy + Ag-Nps, and the best LOD and EF values were 8.35 × 10-22 moles and 6.89 × 1015, respectively. Overall, combining the Ag-NPs and NiAl-alloy microparticles allowed for the zeptomole detection of RhB. This was possible due to the formation of Ag aggregates around the alloy microparticles, which enhanced the number of hotspots. If no alloy is present in the FSERS substrates, the detection of RhB is lowered. Overall, we presented a low-cost FSERS substrate that does not require expensive Au films or Au-NPs (as previously reported) to detect RhB at the zeptomole level.

Gender differences in professional drivers' fatigue level measured with BAlert mobile app: A psychophysiological, time efficient, accessible, and innovative approach to fatigue management.

Addressing fatigue is useful in a variety of scenarios and activities. Fatigue has recently been studied from a psychophysiological standpoint. As a result, the expression and impact of peripheral and central fatigue has been evaluated. Driving is one occupation where tiredness has disastrous consequences. BAlert is a smartphone app that approaches exhaustion with psychophysiological measures. More specifically, it evaluates the level of fatigue via heart rate variability (HRV) data and the cognitive compromise via Stroop effect. The goal of this study is to determine if there are gender differences in fatigue levels among professional drivers using the BAlert app. Statistically significant differences were found in the number of hours awake, in different parameters of HRV (AVNN, PNN50, RMSSD, and SDNN), in the level of stress, as well as in the cognitive response evaluated through the app. The results are discussed and their implications for the management of work fatigue are presented.

BoviPure® density-gradient centrifugation procedure enhances the quality of fresh and cryopreserved dog epididymal spermatozoa.

BoviPure® is a salt solution containing colloidal silica particles coated with silane used to select sperm (e.g., ruminants) by density-gradient centrifugation (DGC). This research assessed the suitability of the BoviPure-DGC and swim-up methods for selecting dog epididymal sperm in fresh, chilled and frozen-thawed samples on post-treatment sperm quality. Sperm samples (n = 60 epididymides) were recovered by retrograde flushing from thirty orchiectomized adult dogs. Thereafter, 20 sperm pools, containing sperm aliquots of three randomly selected animals, were used for chilling (at 5 ºC for 24 h) and freezing (in liquid nitrogen vapors). Sperm selection by BoviPure-DCG and swim-up was performed in both individual and pooled samples, including non-selected samples as controls. Overall, after BoviPure-DGC selection a higher sperm retrieval rate was obtained than the swim-up selection in both individual (P < 0.05) and pooled (P < 0.01) samples. BoviPure-DGC improved (P < 0.05) the total (TM) and progressive (PSM) sperm motilities, curvilinear (VCL) and straight-line (VSL) velocities, linearity (LIN), wobble (WOB), beat-cross frequency (BCF), and integrity of plasmatic (IPM) and acrosomal (IAM) membranes of individual samples in comparison with non-selected samples. In pooled samples, however, the BoviPure-DGC improved (P < 0.05) the PSM, VCL, WOB, and IPM of chilled and frozen-thawed samples. The swim-up method improved (P < 0.05) only some kinematic variables of the individual (VCL, WOB and BCF) and cryopreserved pooled samples (VCL and ALH) in comparison with non-selected samples. In conclusion, BoviPure-DGC was more effective for recovering and selecting both fresh and cryopreserved dog epididymal sperm than the swim-up procedure improving the kinematic variables, and membranes intactness.

Seroprevalence and risk factors associated to Bovine Herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) infection in non-vaccinated dairy and dual purpose cattle herds in Ecuador.

A cross-sectional study was carried out to determine the seroprevalence and risk factors associated to Bovine Herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) infection in non-vaccinated dairy and dual purpose cattle herds from Ecuador. A total of 2367 serum samples from 346 herds were collected from June 2008 through February 2009. A questionnaire, which included variables related to cattle, health, management measures and environment was filled out in each herd. A commercial indirect ELISA test was used to determine the seropositivity against BHV-1. Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) model was used to determine risk factors at individual level, including herd as random effect. The individual seroprevalence to BHV-1 in Ecuador was 43.2% (1023/2367; CI(95%): 41.2-45.2%). The herd prevalence was 82.1%; (284/346; CI(95%): 78.1-86.1%) and the intra-herd prevalence ranged from 12.5 to 100% (mean=64.1%). The GEE model showed that animal age (>4 years) (OR: 1.44; CI(95%): 1.18-1.75), BRSV infection (OR: 1.45; CI(95%): 1.09-1.92), altitude over the sea level (≤ 1800 m) (OR: 2.97; CI(95%): 2.1-4.22) and average slope (> 11%) (OR: 1.45; CI(95%): 1.07-1.95) are risk factors associated with BHV-1 infection, while a good cleaning of the facilities (OR: 0.66; CI(95%): 0.44-0.99) was shown to be a protective factor.

Quiste epidermoide testicular: diagnóstico ecográfico preoperatorio y correlación radiopatológica / Testicular epidermoid cyst. preoperative ultrasound diagnosis and radiopathological correlation

The low incidence of testicular epidermoid cyst (1-2 percent of all testicular tumors), makes ultrasound findings the key to making, or at least suggesting, a precise preoperative diagnosis, thus making a conservative treatment possible. We present two cases with ultrasound diagnosis of epidermoid cyst, confirmed later after surgery. We review the literature, emphasizing the evaluation of the ultrasound images and their correlation with the anatomopathological findings.

La escasa incidencia del quiste epidermoide de testículo (1-2 por ciento de todos los tumores testiculares), hace de los hallazgos ecográficos la clave para realizar o al menos sugerir un diagnóstico prequirúrgico preciso, haciendo por tanto posible un tratamiento conservador. Presentamos dos casos con diagnóstico ecográfico de quiste epidermoide, confirmado posteriormente tras cirugía. Realizamos una revisión de la bibliografía, enfatizando en la valoración de las imágenes ecográficas y su correlación con los hallazgos anatomopatológicos.

Etapa de diagnóstico del Cáncer de Próstata ¿Estamos llegando a tiempo? / Prostate cancer stage at diagnosis. Are we running late?

INTRODUCCIÓN: El cáncer de próstata es el segundo cáncer más diagnosticado en hombres en Chile y el mundo. El tamizaje modificó la etapa de diagnóstico, siendo actualmente en EE.UU. un 80 por cinto localizada, 12 por cinto compromiso regional y 4 por ciento metastásico. Tamizaje con APE no está considerado dentro de un programa nacional en Chile. El objetivo de este estudio es caracterizar a la población diagnosticada de cáncer de próstata en un Hospital público en Chile. MATERIALES Y MÉTODO: Estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo. Se revisaron todas las fichas de los pacientes ingresados al GES por Cáncer de Próstata en el Hospital Carlos Van Buren de Valparaíso desde el año 2014 a 2016. RESULTADOS: Se revisaron 259 fichas y se analizaron 226. Edad promedio fue 70,5 años. 46 por ciento presentó APE sobre 20 ng/dL. 31 por ciento presentó metástasis. 42 por ciento recibió tratamiento paliativo. 57 por ciento se realizó tratamiento curativo, con edad promedio 67,4 años. De estos, 31,8 por ciento a cirugía, 68 por ciento índice Gleason <6 y 90 por ciento APE <20. 68 por ciento a RDT con o sin HT, 44 por ciento índice Gleason <6, 75 por ciento APE <20. DISCUSIÓN: El tamizaje del cáncer de próstata es un tema en discusión. En Chile no hay un programa nacional para realizar APE. Centros de atención primaria con acceso a APE tienen mayor tasa de tamizaje. La etapa al diagnóstico en nuestro centro difiere a las series de países desarrollados, siendo considerablemente superior la etapa metastásica. Esto podría deberse a la poca cobertura para detección temprana. Parece ser necesario implementar un programa nacional con cobertura de tamizaje para cáncer de próstata.(AU)

INTRODUCTION: Prostate cancer is the second most diagnosed cáncer in Chile and the world. Screening modified the stage at diagnosis, beeing now in the US 80 pertcent localized, 12 pertcent with regional compromised and 4 pertcent metastatic. Screening with PSA isn't considerd within a national program in Chile. The objetive of this study is to caracterize men diagnosed with prostate cancer at a public hospital in Chile. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective and descriptive study. Every patient who entered GES because of prostate cancer at the Carlos Van Buren Hospital from Valparaiso between 2014 and 2016 was review. RESULTS: 259 clinical records were review and 226 analized. Mean age was 70,5 years. 46 pertcent had PSA above 20 ng/dL. 31 % had metástasis. 42 % received paliative treatment. 57 % had curative treatment with a mean age of 67,4 years.From this group 31,8 pertcent surgery with a Gleason index <6 and 90 pertcent PSA <20. 68 pertcent had EBRT with or without HT, 44 pertcent of this group had Gleason index <6 and 75 pertcent PSA <20. DISCUSSION: Prostate cancer screening it's a debated topic. In Chile there's no national program to do a PSA. Primary care centers with acces to PSA have more rate of screening. Stage at diagnosis in our center difers from developed countries series, beeing metastatic stage considerably superior. This could be because of the low screening rate for early diagnosis. It seems necesary to implement a national program for prostate cancer screening.(AU)

Gastrectomía subtotal en el cáncer gástrico antral mal diferenciado e indiferenciado / Subtotal gastrectomy for poorly differentiated and undifferentiated antral gastric cancer

Background: Total gastrectomy is recommended by some groups for poorly differentiated gastric cancer due to the multicentric nature of this tumor. Aim: To assess if subtotal gastrectomy achieves a good disease control in patients with undifferentiated or poorly differentiated gastric cancer. Material and Methods: Retrospective review of medical records of patients with undifferentiated or poorly differentiated gastric cancer, subjected to a subtotal gastrectomy between 1988 and 2006. Five years survival was calculated. Results: Fifty two patients aged 23 to 80 years were identified (30 males). Three had undifferentiated and 49 poorly differentiated tumors. One patient had a positive proximal margin. After a median follow up of 52 months, five years survival was 47 percent. Thirteen percent were lost from follow up. Conclusions: Five years survival of patients with undifferentiated or poorly differentiated gastric cancer and subjected to subtotal gastrectomy, was 47 percent.

Existen grupos quirúrgicos que preconizan la gastrectomía total para los cánceres gástricos mal diferenciados, por el riesgo de la multicentricidad y la infiltración oral no sospechada. Objetivo: Evaluar si la gastrectomía subtotal (GST) presenta un buen control de la enfermedad en el cáncer gástrico antral indiferenciado y mal diferenciado. Describir sus resultados anatomopatológicos y la sobrevida a 5 años. Material y Método: Estudio descriptivo. Se revisó el registro de pacientes con cáncer gástrico del servicio de cirugía del Hospital Base de Valdivia, entre los años 1988 y 2006. La población de estudio incluye pacientes con adenocarcinoma gástrico antral mal diferenciado e indiferenciado que fueron sometidos a una GST y aquellos pacientes con 2 cánceres en el estómago. Se recopilaron entre otras variables: edad, grado de diferenciación, tipo histológico, márgenes oral y caudal y se calculó la sobrevida global a 5 años. Además se describió el rendimiento de la endoscopia digestiva alta (EDA) en el diagnóstico de las lesiones multicéntricas. El Software utilizado fue el STATA 10.0. Resultados: Se incluyeron 52 pacientes. La mediana de edad fue 61 a±os. Tres (5,77 por ciento) tumores fueron indiferenciados y 49 (94,23 por ciento) mal diferenciados. Un (1,92 por ciento) paciente resultó con el margen oral positivo. La sobrevida global a 5 a±os fue 47 por ciento. La EDA detectó todos los tumores multicéntricos. Conclusión: La GST en el cáncer gástrico antral indiferenciado y mal diferenciado logra un buen control de la enfermedad con buena sobrevida a 5 años.

Gunshot wounds: bullet caliber is increasing.

BACKGROUND: The incidence of gunshot wounds has increased over the past two decades. In the past several years at our Level I trauma center in Newark NJ, we perceived that the size of ammunition involved in these wounds has been increasing as well. We sought to document this trend by using autopsy data as well as bullets received by surgical pathology. METHODS: Measurements of bullets stored in surgical pathology were taken from alternate years between 1981 and 1993, then every year through 1997. A total of 745 bullets were studied in this 16-year period. Bullets deformed beyond measurability and shotgun pellets were excluded from the study (approximately 20%). Linear regression of mean bullet caliber over time was performed, and analysis of variance was used to assess statistical significance of apparent differences. In addition, autopsy reports from the regional medical examiner's office were surveyed for description of bullet size. Bullet caliber, in these reports, is described as "small," "medium," or "large." A total of 397 reports were studied from 1981 to 1997. Once again, shotgun wounds (<5%) were excluded. The percentage of large-caliber projectiles was plotted against time, and chi2 for trend was used to determine statistical significance. RESULTS: Results are tabulated as mean +/- standard error bullet caliber (millimeters) over time. Linear regression reveals r = 0.944, p<0.0001. Data obtained from autopsy reports are not tabulated here, but chi2 for trend reveals a statistically significant increase in the proportion of large caliber and decrease in proportion of small-caliber bullets (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: These data unveil an ominous trend toward the use of larger-caliber firearms in accidents, homicides, and suicides.

Interrupción percutánea de vena cava inferior / Percutaneous inferior vena cava interruption

El tromboembolismo pulmonar (TEP) representa una causa frecuente de muerte en pacientes hospitalizados, siendo su principal causa la trombosis venosa profunda (TVP) de las extremidades inferiores, cuya medida de profilaxis es, entre otras, el uso de Heparina. Ocasionalmente se debe recurrir a medidas invasivas como lo es el control de la vena cava inferior. Este articulo presenta un case de interrupción percutánea de vena cava inferior. Se pretende actualizar la información respecto al uso de los filtros y enfatizar la tendencia actual a ser un procedimiento en expansión. Los diseños han ido evolucionando y los beneficios permiten demostrar que el filtro de vena cava (FVC) es una opción terapéutica en pacientes seleccionados.

Análisis de sobrevida del cáncer gástrico en anillo de sello según profundidad y compromiso linfonodal / Survival of patients with signet ring cell carcinoma of the stomach, compared with patients with non ring cell gastric cancer

Objetivo: Comparar la sobrevida del cáncer gástrico en anillo de sello (AS) con los otros tipos de adenocarcinoma (no anillo de sello (ÑAS)), según el compromiso en profundidad de la pared gástrica (T) y los números de linfonodos comprometidos (N). Material y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio de cohorte retrospectivo, en el cuál se seleccionó a todos los pacientes gastrectomizados por adenocarcinoma gástrico en el Hospital Base Valdivia entre los años 1988-2005. Se compararon los pacientes cuyo informe histopatológico concluía que el cáncer gástrico era un AS (más del 50 por ciento de sus células son anillo de sello) con los que no lo eran (ÑAS). En el análisis estadístico se utiliza el test de por ciento, Método de Kaplan Meier, test de Log Rank. Resultados: Total 287 casos. 60 AS y 227 ÑAS. No hubo diferencias estadísticamente significativas en cuanto a la profundidad tumoral entre ambos grupos. Los AS presentaron mayor compromiso linfonodal. Al comparar la sobrevida a 5 años de los AS con los ÑAS por estadio (TNM), no encontramos diferencias significativas. Conclusión: A la luz de este trabajo el tipo histológico anillo de sello no parece constituir un factor de mal pronóstico en el cáncer gástrico.

Background: Signet ring cell (SRC) carcinoma of the stomach corresponds to 3 to 39 percent of all cases of gastric cancer. It tends to be less differentiated, infiltrative and diffuse. It is not clear if it has a different prognosis than other types of gastric cancer. Aim: to compare the survival of SRC gastric carcinoma with other types of gastric cancer, considering depth of gastric wall involvement and number of infiltrated lymphnodes. Material and Methods: Retrospective review of pathology samples of all gastric cancers operated between 1988 and 2005. Survival of patients with and without SRC gastric cancer was compared. Results: A total of 287 cases were reviewed. Of these 60 had a SRC gastric cancer. No differences in gastric wall infiltration between SRC and non SRC gastric cancer was observed. SRC gastric cancer has a higher frequency of lymph node involvement. No differences in survival between SRC and non SRC gastric cancer, were observed. Conclusions: In this retrospective series of patients, no differences in survival were observed between SRC and non SRC gastric cancer.

Uso de segmentos intestinales en urología: seguimiento a 5 años / Use of intestinal segments im urology: a 5-year follow-up

Introducción: Desde hace más de 50 años se utilizan segmentos intestinales en urología para aumentar o reemplazar vejigas, reemplazar uréteres y derivar la orina a través de segmentos de intestino aislados. Objetivo: Describir la casuística de cirugías con uso de segmentos intestinales y a los menos 5 años de seguimiento completo, realizada en el Servicio de Urología del HCVB, sus principales indicaciones, técnicas y complicaciones. Materiales y métodos: Estudio observacional retrospectivo. Se revisaron 291 fichas de pacientes operados con uso de un segmento intestinal, con más de 5 años de seguimiento posterior, evaluando diagnóstico etiológico, técnica utilizada para enterocistoplastia, reservorio, neoimplante, ostomía y sus respectivas complicaciones a 3 meses, 5 años y final de seguimiento. Resultados: Se efectuaron 301 intervenciones (291 pacientes + 10 reinterveciones con uso de nuevos segmentos intestinales). Se seleccionan 111 casos (36,8 por ciento) en los que se dispone de seguimiento superior a 5 años. La principal indicación fue hiperactividad neurogénica del detrusor con 39 casos (35,14 por ciento); 30 casos (27,03 por ciento) de cistopatía intersticial; 16 casos (14,41 por ciento) de cáncer vesical; 11 casos (9,91 por ciento) de vejiga hiperactiva idiopática. Del total 70 fueron mujeres (63,06 por ciento), 41 fueron hombres (36,94 por ciento). La intervención más frecuente es la enterocistoplastia detubulizada de ampliación (79,28 por ciento), seguido por el reservorio ortotópico (10,9 por ciento). La elección del segmento intestinal se basó principalmente en la factibilidad anatómica, el íleon detubulizado en parche en U a la cara posterior para las enterocistoplastias de ampliación y el uso de segmentos de intestino grueso para fabricaciones deostomías continentes.La mayor cantidad de complicaciones se presenta en el periodo entre los 3 meses y 5 años de seguimiento (23 de 111 casos)

Introduction: Since over 50 years intestinal segments have been used in urology to augment or replace bladders, ureters and divert urine through isolated intestinal segments. Objective: The purpose of this article is to describe the use of intestinal segments in urological surgeries performed in the urological service of the HCVB, with a minimum of 5 years of follow-up. Indication, technique and complications are analyzed. Materials ad methods: It is an observational and retrospective study. 291 clinical charts of patients with use of intestinal segments in their surgery and more than 5 years of follow-up were analyzed. We evaluated diagnosis, technique used for bladder augmentation, reservoir, neoimplantation, stoma and their complications at a 3rd month, 5th year and end to follow-up moments. Results: A total of 301 surgeries were performed (291 patients + 10 revisions with use of new intestinal segments). 111 cases (36,8 percent) had a 5-year follow-up. Main indication for surgery was neurogenic detrusor hiperactivity in 39 cases (35,14 percent); there were 30 interstitial cystitis cases (27,03 percent); 16 cases ob bladder cancer (14,41 percent); 11 cases of idiopathic hyperactive bladder (9,91 percent). From the total group70 (63,06 percent) were female and 41 (36,94 percent) male. The most frequent surgery performed was the detubularized bladder augmentation (79,28 percent), followed by the orthotopic reservoir (19,9 percent).Election of the intestinal segment was based principally in technical feasibility, U-shaped detubularized ileum as a posterior patch for bladder augmentations and colon for continent stomas. Most complications occur between the 3rd month and the 5th year of follow-up (23 of 111 cases), needing non- surgical treatment in 12 cases, surgery in 6 cases and 3 patients stood in a life-risk situation. Continence is good in 88,7 percent of the cases. Conclusions: The use of intestinal segments for patch, reservoir and

Ostomías continentes para cateterismo intermitente: experiencia del Hospital Carlos van Buren / Continent stomas for intermittent catheterization: Hospital Carlos van Buren’s experience

Introducción: Existen situaciones en la práctica urológica, en que el daño al aparato esfinteriano, uretra o vejiga obliga a recurrir a algún mecanismo que permita derivar un reservorio o vejiga ampliada hacia la pared abdominal. Para estos fines es posible realizar ostomías continentes, con distintos segmentos intestinales, para autocateterismo intermitente limpio. Objetivo: Describir la experiencia con distintas técnicas de ostomía continente para cateterismo intermitente limpio, su evolución a través del tiempo y sus principales complicaciones según la casuística del Servicio de Urología del Hospital Carlos Van Buren. Materiales y Método: Estudio observacional retrospectivo. Revisión de 77 casos en los cuales se realizan ostomías continentes para cateterismo intermitente desde julio de 1988 a junio de 2009. Se evalúan: diagnóstico etiológico, técnica de ostomía, segmento intestinal, ubicación de extremo distal de ostomía y sus respectivas complicaciones precoces, tardías y estado al final del seguimiento. Resultado: En 83 ocasiones hemos necesitado hacer alguna derivación urinaria vesical continente a la pared abdominal con uso de segmentos intestinales. En 26 casos (31,3 por ciento) utilizamos íleon aplicado más alguna variedad que le permita cierta fijación. En nuestros últimos 33 (39,7 por ciento) pacientes hemos realizado la técnica de Yang-Monti, para ello se utilizó segmentos de intestino grueso en 27 casos (81,82 por ciento). La mayor cantidad de complicaciones de resolución quirúrgica (38,6 por ciento del total), se presentan en el periodo de 3 meses a 5 años; a su vez las complicaciones más graves lo hacen en el postoperatorio inmediato, en pacientes con baja reserva funcional (6 de 77) con 4 muertes en nuestra serie. La continencia es cercana al 100 por ciento, con 19,48 por ciento de reintervenciones de la ostomía para lograr este resultado. Conclusiones: El uso de ostomías continentes permite alcanzar un alto porcentaje de continencia

Introduction: There are situations in urologic practice, in which the damage to the sphincter, urethra or bladder forces to build some mechanism that allows diverting urine through a reservoir or augmented bladder towards the abdominal wall. For these purposes it is possible to build continent stomas, with different intestinal segments, for clean intermittent catheterization. Objective: To describe the Hospital Carlos van Buren’s experience with different continent stoma techniques for clean intermittent catheterization, its evolution through time and its main complications. Materials and Method: Retrospective observational study. From July 1988 to June 2009, 77 cases in which continent stomas for intermittent catheterization were built. Etiologic diagnosis, surgical technique, intestinal segment, location of distal end of the stoma and its respective early and delayed complications and status at the end of follow-up are evaluated. Results: In 83 occasions we have needed to make some continent urinary diversion to the abdominal wall with use of intestinal segments. In 26 cases (31.3 percent) we used folded ileum plus some variety of fixations. In our last 33 (39.7 percent) patients we have used the Yang-Monti technique, and for that we used thick bowel in 27 cases (81.82 percent).Most complications of surgical resolution (38.6 percent of the total), appeared in the 3 months to 5 years period; most serious complications appeared in the early post-operative period, in patients with low functional reserve (6 of 77) with four deaths in the series. Continence is almost 100 percent, with 19.48 percent of stomal re-interventions to obtain these results. Conclusions: The use of continent stomas allows a high percentage of continence. This allows self standing patients, with a positive impact on their quality of life when compared to incontinent stomas

Hiperactividad neurogénica del detrusor refractaria a tratamiento conservador: experiencia con el uso de segmentos intestinales / Neurogenic detrusor over activity refractory to conservative treatment: experience using intestinal segments

A pesar de la gran variedad de terapias descritas para el manejo de hiperactividad neurogénica del detrusor (HND), existe un número importante de pacientes que no logran mejoría con alternativas conservadoras. En ellos, bajar la presión y disminuir el porcentaje de daño renal mediante ampliación vesical con segmentos intestinales detubulizados, es una alternativa vigente. Objetivo: Describir la experiencia en el manejo de pacientes con HND refractaria a tratamiento conservador, que fueron tratados en forma quirúrgica con técnicas que utilizan segmentos intestinales, su evolución a través del tiempo y sus principales complicaciones. Materiales y métodos: Se revisaron fichas clínicas de 75 pacientes con diagnóstico de HND, operadas de enterocistoplastia entre 1988 y 2009. Se analizan: causa de daño neurológico, segmentos intestinales usados, técnica quirúrgica, necesidad de ostomía continente y complicaciones. Resultados: La serie estudiada está compuesta por 46 (61,33 por ciento) varones y 29 (38,67 por ciento) mujeres, con edad promedio 32,2 años (2,75 a 68 años). Las principales causas de daño neurológico fueron traumatismo raquimedular en 37 pacientes (49,43 por ciento) y mielomeningocele en 15 pacientes (20 por ciento). En total se realizaron 81 cirugías con uso de intestino: 6 corresponden a reintervenciones (3 ampliaciones con cierre de cuello y ostomía y 3 ostomías). De las 75 cirugías primarias se realizaron73 (97,33 por ciento) enterocistoplastias de aumento (en el 40 por ciento de los casos asociado a una ostomía continente), 1 cirugía de solamente ostomía continente y 1 reservorio. El segmento intestinal más utilizado para ampliación fue sigmoides; en los casos de ampliación y ostomía se prefirió ciego-íleon. La tendencia en los últimos 15 pacientes, es realizar la ostomía con técnica de Yang- Monti con colon o con doble segmento de íleon. El 30 por ciento de los pacientes requirió algún tipo de revisión quirúrgica en el...

Despite the wide variety of therapies described for the management of neurogenic detrusor over activity (NDH), a significant number of patients fail to improve with conservative treatment. In them, lowering pressure and decreasing the percentage of kidney damage by bladder augmentation with intestinal segments is a valid alternative. Objective: To describe the experience in the management of patients with NDH refractory to conservative treatment that were treated surgically with techniques using intestinal segments, their evolution over time and common complications. Materials and methods: We reviewed medical records of 75 patients with NDH with enterocystoplasty surgery between 1988 and 2009. We assessed: cause of neurological damage, intestinal segments used, surgical technique, need for continent ostomy and complications. Results: The studied group consists of 46 (61.33 percent) males and 29 (38.67 percent) females, mean age 32.2 years (2.75 to 68). The main causes of neurological damage were spinal cord injury in 37 patients (49.43 percent) and myelomeningocele in 15 patients (20 percent). A total of 81 surgeries using bowel were performed: 6 correspond to re-intervention (3 extensions with neck closure and ostomy; and 3 ostomies). Of the 75 primary surgeries, 73 (97.33 percent) were enlargement enterocystoplasty (in 40 percent of cases associated with a continent ostomy), 1 contienent ostomy surgery alone and 1 reservoir. The most widely used bowel segment for enlargement was sigmoid, in cases of expansion and ostomy a cecum-ileum segment was preferred. The trend in the last 15 patients was to perform an ostomy with Yang-Monti technique using colon or ileal double segment. On follow up over 5 years, 30 percent of the patients required some type of surgical revision and their main indications were incontinence, impaired opening of the bladder neck, urethral lithiasis and stenosis. Continence was good in 90.67 percent and 5.33 percent average...

Una guía para el diagnóstico urodinámico mediante redes neurales / A guide for the urodynamic diagnosis based in neural networks

El examen urodinámico involucra una elevada complejidad y una cantidad de parámetros que pueden fácilmente confundir al becario de Urología, induciéndolo a producir un diagnóstico equivocado. Como una manera de ejercer un control sobre éste diagnóstico se ha diseñado un sistema de guía asistido por computador,basado en una red neural y funcionando en un computador personal, con el objeto de proporcionar un sistema de apoyo útil y de fácil instalación que permita evitar errores de diagnóstico y facilitar el entrenamiento en urodinámica de los becarios en las Cátedras de Urología. Además, ha demostrado ser una valiosa herramienta para el especialista quien la puede utilizar para hacer una validación rutinaria de sus archivos de exámenes urodinámicos, detectando cualesquier error eventual de transcripción, así como otros posibles errores involuntarios. Se usó un paquete de Software comercial (Ward Group Neuro Shell for DOS, v.41.1) que proporciona un ambiente amistoso para el desarrollo, entrenamiento, evaluación y operación de redes neurales que es capaz de generar una red neural de tipo de retropropagación y aprendizaje supervisado de tres capas; un modelo considerado adecuado para una gran mayoría de los problemas de clasificación