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Obesity is one of the major risk factors for metabolic diseases worldwide. This study examined the effects of YC-1102, an extract derived from the roots of Rosa multiflora, on 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice. In vivo experiments involved the oral administration of YC-1102 (100, 150, and 200 mg/kg body weight) daily to mice for eight weeks. YC-1102 was found to downregulate the expressions of PPARγ and C/EBPα during adipogenesis, inhibiting adipocyte differentiation and upregulating the expression of PGC-1α for energy metabolism to enhance mitochondrial biogenesis and fatty acid oxidation. It has been shown that daily administration of YC-1102 to mice receiving a HFD prevented an increase in body weight and the accumulation of body fat. YC-1102 administration also reduced TG, TC, and LDL cholesterol levels, as well as glucose and leptin levels, and increased adiponectin levels, thus effectively inhibiting the metabolism of lipids. YC-1102-treated mice showed significant reductions in the mRNA expression of PPARγ and C/EBPα. The levels of PGC-1α involved in energy metabolism increased significantly in the YC-1102-treated mice when compared to the HFD-treated mice. According to the findings of this study, YC-1102 has a dual mechanism that reduces transcription factors that promote the differentiation of adipocytes and increases transcription factors that promote energy consumption.
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Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), a chronic condition that causes persistent inflammation in the digestive system, is closely associated with the intestinal microbiome. Here, we evaluated the effects of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum HY7718 (HY7718) on IBD symptoms in mice with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis. Oral administration of HY7718 led to significant improvement in the disease activity index score and the histological index, as well as preventing weight loss, in model mice. HY7718 upregulated the expression of intestinal tight junction (TJ)-related genes and downregulated the expression of genes encoding pro-inflammatory cytokines and genes involved in the TLR/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway. Additionally, HY7718 reduced the blood levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, as well as reversing DSS-induced changes to the composition of the intestinal microbiome. HY7718 also increased the percentage of beneficial bacteria (Lactiplantibacillus and Bifidobacterium), which correlated positively with the expression of intestinal TJ-related genes. Finally, HY7718 decreased the population of pathogens such as Escherichia, which correlated with IBD symptoms. The data suggest that HY7718 improves intestinal integrity in colitis model mice by regulating the expression of TJ proteins and inflammatory cytokines, as well as the composition of the intestinal microflora. Thus, L. plantarum HY7718 may be suitable as a functional supplement that improves IBD symptoms and gut health.
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Colitis Ulcerosa , Colitis , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Enfermedades Inflamatorias del Intestino , Lactobacillus plantarum , Animales , Ratones , Colitis Ulcerosa/inducido químicamente , Colitis Ulcerosa/tratamiento farmacológico , Inflamación/tratamiento farmacológico , Citocinas , Modelos Animales de EnfermedadRESUMEN
Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are emerging as a novel therapeutic strategy for cancer therapy. Tumor-cell-derived sEVs contain biomolecules that can be utilized for cancer diagnosis. sEVs can directly exert tumor-killing effects or modulate the tumor microenvironment, leading to anti-cancer effects. In this review, the application of sEVs as a diagnostic tool, drug delivery system, and active pharmaceutical ingredient for cancer therapy will be highlighted. The therapeutic efficacies of sEVs will be compared to conventional immune checkpoint inhibitors. Additionally, this review will provide strategies for sEV engineering to enhance the therapeutic efficacies of sEVs. As a bench-to-bedside application, we will discuss approaches to encourage good-manufacturing-practice-compliant industrial-scale manufacturing and purification of sEVs.
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Antineoplásicos , Vesículas Extracelulares , Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Antineoplásicos/uso terapéutico , Comercio , Sistemas de Liberación de Medicamentos , Inhibidores de Puntos de Control InmunológicoRESUMEN
Endometrial receptivity is a complex process that prepares the uterine endometrium for embryo implantation; insufficient endometrial receptivity is one of the causes of implantation failure. Here, we analyzed the microRNA expression profiles of exosomes derived from both receptive (RL95-2) and non-receptive (AN3-CA) endometrial epithelial cell (EEC) lines to identify exosomal miRNAs closely linked to endometrial receptivity. Among the 466 differentially expressed miRNAs, miR-205-5p was the most highly expressed in exosomes secreted from receptive RL95-2 cells. miR-205-5p, enriched at the adhesive junction, was closely related to endometrial receptivity. ZEB1, a transcriptional repressor of E-cadherin associated with endometrial receptivity, was identified as a direct target of miR-205-5p. miR-205-5p expression was significantly lower in the endometrial tissues of infertile women than in that of non-infertile women. In vivo, miR-205-5p expression was upregulated in the post-ovulatory phase, and its inhibitor reduced embryo implantation. Furthermore, administration of genetically modified exosomes overexpressing miR-205-5p mimics upregulated E-cadherin expression by targeting ZEB1 and improved spheroid attachment of non-receptive AN3-CA cells. These results suggest that the miR-205-5p/ZEB1/E-cadherin axis plays an important role in regulating endometrial receptivity. Thus, the use of exosomes harboring miR-205-5p mimics can be considered a potential therapeutic approach for improving embryo implantation.
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Infertilidad Femenina , MicroARNs , Femenino , Humanos , Cadherinas/genética , Cadherinas/metabolismo , Implantación del Embrión/genética , Endometrio/metabolismo , Infertilidad Femenina/metabolismo , MicroARNs/genética , MicroARNs/metabolismo , Homeobox 1 de Unión a la E-Box con Dedos de Zinc/genética , Homeobox 1 de Unión a la E-Box con Dedos de Zinc/metabolismoRESUMEN
Endometrial receptivity is essential for successful pregnancy, and its impairment is a major cause of embryo-implantation failure. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) that regulate epigenetic modifications have been associated with endometrial receptivity. However, the molecular mechanisms whereby miRNAs regulate endometrial receptivity remain unclear. Therefore, we investigated whether miR-182 and its potential targets influence trophoblast cell attachment. miR-182 was expressed at lower levels in the secretory phase than in the proliferative phase of endometrium tissues from fertile donors. However, miR-182 expression was upregulated during the secretory phase in infertile women. Transfecting a synthetic miR-182-5p mimic decreased spheroid attachment of human JAr choriocarcinoma cells and E-cadherin expression (which is important for endometrial receptivity). miR-182-5p also downregulated N-Myc downstream regulated 1 (NDRG1), which was studied further. NDRG1 was upregulated in the secretory phase of the endometrium tissues and induced E-cadherin expression through the nuclear factor-κΒ (NF-κΒ)/zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1) signaling pathway. NDRG1-overexpressing or -depleted cells showed altered attachment rates of JAr spheroids. Collectively, our findings indicate that miR-182-5p-mediated NDRG1 downregulation impaired embryo implantation by upregulating the NF-κΒ/ZEB1/E-cadherin pathway. Hence, miR-182-5p is a potential biomarker for negative selection in endometrial receptivity and a therapeutic target for successful embryo implantation.
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Infertilidad Femenina , MicroARNs , Embarazo , Femenino , Humanos , FN-kappa B/metabolismo , Infertilidad Femenina/metabolismo , Endometrio/metabolismo , Cadherinas/genética , Cadherinas/metabolismo , Implantación del Embrión/genética , MicroARNs/genética , MicroARNs/metabolismo , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Homeobox 1 de Unión a la E-Box con Dedos de Zinc/genética , Homeobox 1 de Unión a la E-Box con Dedos de Zinc/metabolismoRESUMEN
Plastic waste has emerged as a major environmental concern in recent years. As plastic waste discharged into the marine environment, it undergoes a breakdown process, eventually accumulating in aquatic organisms in the form of microplastics (MPs). To date, reduced food intake, nutritional absorption, and impaired immune system are known adverse effects of MPs-exposed aquatic organisms. This study aims to investigate whether MP exposure accelerated white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) infection in Pacific white shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) via laboratory tests. Briefly, experimental shrimp were divided into four groups; WSSV (group 1); MP (group 2); WSSV + MP (group 3); and Control (group 4). No mortality was observed in group 2, group 4, and even in group 1. However, group 3 showed a cumulative mortality of 50% during the experimental period. The PCR assay results showed no WSSV in the other three groups (groups 1, 2, and 4), but the dead and alive shrimp collected from group 3 were confirmed to be infected with the virus. Histopathological examination revealed normal structures in the hepatopancreas, gill, and muscle tissues of group 4, whereas numerous abnormally shaped nuclei were detected in the gill tissue of group 2. Moreover, group 1 showed minor WSSV-related lesions with few basophilic inclusion bodies in the gills, interestingly, group 3 exhibited severe lesions with numerous basophilic inclusion bodies in the gills. In conclusion, this study confirmed the correlation between the viral disease of shrimp and MPs, which can cause significant economic losses to the shrimp aquaculture industry.
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Branquias , Microplásticos , Penaeidae , Virus del Síndrome de la Mancha Blanca 1 , Animales , Penaeidae/virología , Microplásticos/toxicidad , Branquias/virología , Branquias/patología , Acuicultura , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/toxicidad , Hepatopáncreas/virología , Hepatopáncreas/patologíaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is known to share characteristics with a variety of personality disorders (PDs) and exhibits diverse patterns of defense mechanisms. To enhance our understanding of BPD, it's crucial to shift our focus from traditional categorical diagnostics to the dimensional traits shared with other PDs, as the borderline personality organization (BPO) model suggests. This approach illuminates the nuanced spectrum of BPD characteristics, offering deeper insights into its complexity. While studies have investigated the comorbidity of BPD with other PDs, research exploring the relationship between various personality factors and defense mechanisms within BPD itself has been scarce. The present study was undertaken to investigate the complex interrelationships between various personality factors and defense styles in individuals diagnosed with BPD. METHODS: Using a network analysis approach, data from 227 patients diagnosed with BPD were examined using the Defense Style Questionnaire and Personality Disorder Questionnaire-4+ for assessment. RESULTS: Intricate connections were observed between personality factors and defense styles. Significant associations were identified between various personality factors and defense styles, with immature defense styles, such as maladaptive and image-distorting being particularly prominent in BPD in the centrality analysis. The maladaptive defense style had the highest expected influence centrality. Furthermore, the schizotypal, dependent, and narcissistic personality factors demonstrated relatively high centrality within the network. CONCLUSION: Network analysis can effectively delineate the complexity of various PDs and defense styles. These findings are expected to facilitate a deeper understanding of why BPD exhibits various levels of organization and presents with heterogeneous characteristics, consistent with the perspectives proposed by the BPO.
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Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factors (Rho GEFs) activate Rho GTPases, which act as molecular switches regulating various essential cellular functions. This study investigated the role of ARHGEF5, a Rho GEF known for its involvement in cell migration and invasion processes, in the context of brain development. We found that ARHGEF5 is essential for dendrite development during the early stages of neuronal growth. We also discovered that ARHGEF5 binds to Drebrin E, which is vital for coordinating actin and microtubule dynamics, and facilitates the interaction between Drebrin E and Cyclin-dependent kinase 5, which phosphorylates Drebrin E. Notably, ARHGEF5 deficiency resulted in a decrease in acetylated α-tubulin levels, and the expression of an α-tubulin acetylation mimetic mutant (K40Q) rescued the defects in dendrite development and neuronal migration, suggesting ARHGEF5's role in modulating microtubule stability. Additionally, ARHGEF5 was shown to influence Golgi positioning in the leading processes of migrating cortical neurons during brain development. Our study suggests that ARHGEF5 plays a crucial role in integrating cytoskeletal dynamics with neuronal morphogenesis and migration processes during brain development.
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Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is a risk factor for pulmonary diseases and lung cancer, and inhaled PM2.5 is mainly deposited in the bronchial epithelium. In this study, we investigated the effect of long-term exposure to low-dose PM2.5 on BEAS-2B cells derived from the normal bronchial epithelium. BEAS-2B cells chronically exposed to a concentration of 5⯵g/ml PM2.5 for 30 passages displayed the phenotype promoting epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cell invasion. Cellular internalization of exosomes (designated PM2.5 Exo) extracted from BEAS-2B cells chronically exposed to low-dose PM2.5 promoted cell invasion in vitro and metastatic potential in vivo. Hence, to identify the key players driving phenotypic alterations, we analyzed microRNA (miRNA) expression profiles in PM2.5 Exo. Five miRNAs with altered expression were selected: miRNA-196b-5p, miR-135a-2-5p, miR-3117-3p, miR-218-5p, and miR-497-5p. miR-196b-5p was the most upregulated in both BEAS-2B cells and isolated exosomes after PM2.5 exposure. In a functional validation study, genetically modified exosomes overexpressing a miR-196b-5p mimic induced an enhanced invasive phenotype in BEAS-2B cells. Conversely, miR-196b-5p inhibition diminished the PM2.5-enhanced EMT and cell invasion. These findings indicate that exosomal miR-196b-5p may be a candidate biomarker for predicting the malignant behavior of the bronchial epithelium and a therapeutic target for inhibiting PM2.5-triggered pathogenesis.
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Bronquios , Células Epiteliales , Transición Epitelial-Mesenquimal , Exosomas , Neoplasias Pulmonares , MicroARNs , Material Particulado , MicroARNs/genética , MicroARNs/metabolismo , Humanos , Exosomas/metabolismo , Exosomas/genética , Exosomas/efectos de los fármacos , Material Particulado/toxicidad , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patología , Neoplasias Pulmonares/inducido químicamente , Neoplasias Pulmonares/genética , Neoplasias Pulmonares/metabolismo , Transición Epitelial-Mesenquimal/efectos de los fármacos , Bronquios/efectos de los fármacos , Bronquios/metabolismo , Bronquios/patología , Bronquios/citología , Células Epiteliales/efectos de los fármacos , Células Epiteliales/metabolismo , Células Epiteliales/patología , Invasividad Neoplásica , Animales , Línea Celular , Movimiento Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Línea Celular TumoralRESUMEN
Endometrial receptivity is essential for successful embryo implantation and pregnancy initiation and is regulated via various signaling pathways. Adiponectin, an important adipokine, may be a potential regulator of reproductive system functions. The aim of the present study was to elucidate the regulatory role of adiponectin receptor 1 (ADIPOR1) in endometrial receptivity. The endometrial receptivity between RL952 and AN3CA cell lines was confirmed using an in vitro JAr spheroid attachment model. 293T cells were transfected with control or short hairpin (sh)ADIPOR1 vectors and RL952 cells were transduced with lentiviral particles targeting ADIPOR1. Reverse transcriptionquantitative PCR and immunoblot assays were also performed. ADIPOR1 was consistently upregulated in the endometrium during the midsecretory phase compared with that in the proliferative phase and in receptive RL952 cells compared with that in nonreceptive AN3CA cells. Stable cell lines with diminished ADIPOR1 expression caused by shRNA showed reduced Ecadherin expression and attenuated in vitro endometrial receptivity. ADIPOR1 regulated AMPactivated protein kinase (AMPK) activity in endometrial epithelial cells. Regulation of AMPK activity via dorsomorphin and 5aminoimidazole4carboxamide ribonucleotide affected Ecadherin expression and in vitro endometrial receptivity. The ADIPOR1/AMPK/Ecadherin axis is vital to endometrial receptivity. These findings can help improve fertility treatments and outcomes.
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Proteínas Quinasas Activadas por AMP , Cadherinas , Endometrio , Receptores de Adiponectina , Transducción de Señal , Receptores de Adiponectina/metabolismo , Receptores de Adiponectina/genética , Humanos , Femenino , Endometrio/metabolismo , Cadherinas/metabolismo , Cadherinas/genética , Proteínas Quinasas Activadas por AMP/metabolismo , Línea Celular , Implantación del Embrión , ARN Interferente Pequeño/metabolismo , ARN Interferente Pequeño/genética , Adulto , Aminoimidazol Carboxamida/análogos & derivados , RibonucleótidosRESUMEN
The increasing economic losses associated with growth retardation caused by Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP), a microsporidian parasite infecting penaeid shrimp, require effective monitoring. The internal transcribed spacer (ITS)-1 region, the non-coding region of ribosomal clusters between 18S and 5.8S rRNA genes, is widely used in phylogenetic studies due to its high variability. In this study, the ITS-1 region sequence (~600-bp) of EHP was first identified, and primers for a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay targeting that sequence were designed. A newly developed nested-PCR method successfully detected the EHP in various shrimp (Penaeus vannamei and P. monodon) and related samples, including water and feces collected from Indonesia, Thailand, South Korea, India, and Malaysia. The primers did not cross-react with other hosts and pathogens, and this PCR assay is more sensitive than existing PCR detection methods targeting the small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) and spore wall protein (SWP) genes. Phylogenetic analysis based on the ITS-1 sequences indicated that the Indonesian strain was distinct (86.2% nucleotide sequence identity) from other strains collected from Thailand and South Korea, and also showed the internal diversity among Thailand (N = 7, divided into four branches) and South Korean (N = 5, divided into two branches) samples. The results revealed the ability of the ITS-1 region to determine the genetic diversity of EHP from different geographical origins.
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ADN Espaciador Ribosómico , Enterocytozoon , Microsporidiosis , Penaeidae , Filogenia , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa , Enterocytozoon/genética , Enterocytozoon/aislamiento & purificación , Enterocytozoon/clasificación , Penaeidae/microbiología , Penaeidae/parasitología , Animales , ADN Espaciador Ribosómico/genética , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa/métodos , Microsporidiosis/microbiología , Microsporidiosis/diagnóstico , ADN de Hongos/genética , Cartilla de ADN/genética , Heces/microbiología , Heces/parasitología , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN , TailandiaRESUMEN
Introduction: Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is characterized by interpersonal and emotional instabilities, recurring suicidal tendencies, and feelings of emptiness. Childhood adverse event is reported in 70%-80% of cases involving BPD. Furthermore, the deficiency in mentalization capacity plays a significant role in emotion dysregulation and social interaction problems within individuals with BPD. This study explored the relationship among childhood adverse experiences, mentalization capacity, and neurophysiological activity in patients with BPD. Methods: Resting-state electroencephalography was used to identify the neural correlates associated with childhood adversity and mentalization deficits. The participants included 45 patients with BPD and 15 healthy controls. Results: The BPD group exhibited reduced alpha activity during eyes-closed rest, indicating heightened arousal even during relaxation. Correlations were found between the power spectral density (PSD) and mentalization capacity in the delta and theta ranges, suggesting an association between PSD and emotional awareness and expression. Gamma activity negatively correlated with psychic equivalence, implying a blurring of the boundaries between internal mental experiences and the external world. Conclusion: These findings offer insights into the pathophysiology of BPD, provide potential diagnostic markers, and suggest personalized treatment approaches based on mentalization traits.
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BACKGROUND: The trigeminocardiac reflex (TCR) is usually caused by an increased parasympathetic tone when pressure or traction is applied to the surrounding tissue of the trigeminal nerve. However, the inexperienced anesthesiologists may have challenges on the management of TCR patients. CASE SUMMARY: This is the case of an 18-year-old woman diagnosed with hemangioma of the upper lip. During the operation, about 1 h after surgery started, a constant 1:1 premature ventricular complex was detected, and blood pressure was decreased when approaching the deeper part with more strong traction for exposure of the part. Although the management of arrhythmias, such as lidocaine and atropine, was injected, arrhythmia induced by surgical stimulation could not be eliminated completely. As the traction repeated, bradycardia was also repeated, despite injecting additional atropine. Therefore, the anesthesiologist and the surgeon decided to perform the operation only to the extent that the vascular tissue was selectively removed only at the site without the reflex. CONCLUSION: With TCR, anesthesiologists should perform appropriate monitoring. In addition to proper drug administration, surgeons should be consulted to cope with stopping the surgery and setting the scope of the surgery even if the site is superficial.
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In South Korea, the suicide rate is more than double the OECD average, and precise identification of the cause is required for suicide prevention. Psychological autopsy is used to reveal factors related to suicidal behavior; however, such studies are lacking in Korea. This study investigated the factors related to suicide using psychological autopsies in Incheon, a major city in Korea. In total, 46 cases were investigated using the Korea-Psychological Autopsy Checklist (K-PAC), and data on mental health conditions and psychosocial factors of suicide decedents and their families were analyzed. It was estimated that 87% of individuals of suicides had a mental health condition before death, but only 15.2% continued treatment or counseling. Most individuals who died of suicide showed warning signs before death, but only 19.6% of survivors of suicide loss noticed them. Mental health concerns before and after the death of the individual were also identified in more than half of their families. To prevent suicide, intensive and continuous treatment for psychiatric conditions and prompt recognition of active response to suicide warning signs are required. Care for the mental health of family members is also important.
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Suicidio , Autopsia , Humanos , República de Corea/epidemiología , Factores de Riesgo , Ideación Suicida , Suicidio/psicología , SobrevivientesRESUMEN
In this study, whiteleg shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) imported from Vietnam were collected from South Korean markets, and examined for 2 viruses: infectious hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHHNV, recently classified as decapod penstyldensovirus-1), and white spot syndrome virus (WSSV). Among 58 samples, we detected IHHNV in 23 samples and WSSV in 2 samples, using polymerase chain reaction and sequencing analyses. This is the first report of IHHNV and WSSV detection in imported shrimp, suggesting that greater awareness and stricter quarantine policies regarding viruses infecting shrimp imported to South Korea are required.
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Densovirinae/aislamiento & purificación , Microbiología de Alimentos , Penaeidae/virología , Alimentos Marinos/virología , Virus del Síndrome de la Mancha Blanca 1/aislamiento & purificación , Animales , República de Corea , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN/veterinaria , VietnamRESUMEN
Taraxacum officinale has been widely used as a folkloric medicine for the treatment of diverse diseases. The dried plant was extracted with 70% ethanol to generate its ethanol extract (TEE). For some experiments, ethyl acetate (EA), n-butanol (BuOH) and aqueous (Aq) fractions were prepared in succession from TEE. TEE showed a scavenging activity in the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, a diminishing effect on intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, and an anti-angiogenic activity in the chicken chorioallantoic (CAM) assay. In the carrageenan-induced air pouch model, TEE inhibited production of exudate, and significantly diminished nitric oxide (NO) and leukocyte levels in the exudate. It also possessed an inhibitory effect on acetic acid-induced vascular permeability and caused a dose-dependent inhibition on acetic acid-induced abdominal writhing in mice. Suppressive effects of TEE on the production of NO and expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages were also assessed. Among the fractions, the n-butanol fraction (BuOH) was identified to be most effective in the CAM assay. Collectively, Taraxacum officinale contains anti-angiogenic, anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive activities through its inhibition of NO production and COX-2 expression and/or its antioxidative activity.
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Inhibidores de la Angiogénesis/farmacología , Antiinflamatorios/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Taraxacum/química , Inhibidores de la Angiogénesis/administración & dosificación , Inhibidores de la Angiogénesis/química , Animales , Antiinflamatorios/administración & dosificación , Antiinflamatorios/química , Antioxidantes/administración & dosificación , Antioxidantes/química , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Embrión de Pollo , Membrana Corioalantoides/irrigación sanguínea , Membrana Corioalantoides/efectos de los fármacos , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Radicales Libres/metabolismo , Leucocitos/efectos de los fármacos , Leucocitos/metabolismo , Masculino , Medicina Tradicional , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos ICR , Óxido Nítrico/metabolismo , Dolor/tratamiento farmacológico , Extractos Vegetales/administración & dosificación , Extractos Vegetales/química , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/metabolismoRESUMEN
Gastrodia elata Blume rhizome has been traditionally used as a folk medicine for centuries in Oriental countries. Its ethanol extract (GEE) and subsequent fractions were used to evaluate anti-angiogenic, anti-inflammatory and related activities of Gastrodia elata. GEE potently inhibited angiogenesis in the chick chorioallantoic membrane assay, and its n-butanol fraction (BuOH) exerted the higher inhibitory effect. In a dose-dependent manner, GEE inhibited vascular permeability induced by acetic acid. GEE and its BuOH fraction exerted an inhibitory activity on exudate production, leukocyte migration and nitric oxide (NO) level in rat air-pouch model. GEE caused a dose-dependent inhibition of acetic acid-induced abdominal writhing in mice. In addition, GEE inhibited NO production and expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) upon stimulation by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in RAW264.7 macrophages. In summary, we demonstrate some novel pharmacological activities of Gastrodia elata, such as anti-angiogenic, anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities, and in vivo and in vitro inhibitory activity on NO production.
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Analgésicos/farmacología , Inhibidores de la Angiogénesis/farmacología , Antiinflamatorios/farmacología , Gastrodia/química , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Animales , Ciclooxigenasa 2/efectos de los fármacos , Ciclooxigenasa 2/metabolismo , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Edema/inducido químicamente , Edema/tratamiento farmacológico , Exudados y Transudados/efectos de los fármacos , Leucocitos/efectos de los fármacos , Masculino , Medicina Tradicional de Asia Oriental , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos ICR , Óxido Nítrico/biosíntesis , Óxido Nítrico/metabolismo , Óxido Nítrico Sintasa de Tipo II/efectos de los fármacos , Óxido Nítrico Sintasa de Tipo II/metabolismo , Dolor/inducido químicamente , Dolor/tratamiento farmacológico , Dimensión del Dolor/efectos de los fármacos , Fitoterapia , Plantas Medicinales/química , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-DawleyRESUMEN
This study aimed to elucidate anti-angiogenic activity of Ulmus davidiana var. japonica that has been widely used in folk medicine. The methanol extract (UDE) of Ulmus davidiana var. japonica concentration-dependently displayed a strong inhibition in the chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) angiogenesis. The n-butanol fraction of UDE and subsequent 30% MeOH subfraction were identified to be most responsible for the anti-angiogenic activity.
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Inhibidores de la Angiogénesis/farmacología , Ulmus/química , Animales , Embrión de Pollo , Membrana Corioalantoides/irrigación sanguínea , Membrana Corioalantoides/efectos de los fármacos , Metanol , Corteza de la Planta/química , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Raíces de Plantas/química , Tallos de la Planta/química , Flujo Sanguíneo Regional/efectos de los fármacos , SolventesRESUMEN
Although Codonopsis pilosula (C. pilosula) has long been considered as an important herbal medicine, no analytical method of marker compounds for quality assessment is registered in the Korean Pharmacopoeia. We developed a simple and robust analytical method of three marker components lobetyolin (1), lobetyol (2), and tangshenoside I (3) using HPLC-UV method. We also confirmed the three marker components using UPLC-qTOF/MS method. Various extraction conditions were optimized to achieve three marker compounds with faster extraction kinetics and higher recovery. The analytical condition was then validated by determining the linearity, accuracy, precision, limit of detection, limit of quantification, recovery, repeatability, robustness, and stability. By this method, the three markers were successfully quantified in 38 commercial samples along with three related species that are sometimes used as alternatives to C. pilosula. Finally, principal component and hierarchical clustering analyses were conducted to show the practicality of the method developed for the quality evaluation of C. pilosula.
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Alquinos/análisis , Antihipertensivos/química , Codonopsis/química , Disacáridos/análisis , Alcoholes Grasos/análisis , Extractos Vegetales/química , Raíces de Plantas/química , Poliinos/análisis , Alquinos/química , Antihipertensivos/aislamiento & purificación , China , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión , Análisis por Conglomerados , Codonopsis/crecimiento & desarrollo , Disacáridos/química , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/química , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/aislamiento & purificación , Etnofarmacología , Alcoholes Grasos/química , Medicina Tradicional Coreana , Estructura Molecular , Extractos Vegetales/aislamiento & purificación , Poliinos/química , Análisis de Componente Principal , Control de Calidad , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , República de Corea , Especificidad de la Especie , Espectrometría de Masa por Ionización de Electrospray , Espectrofotometría UltravioletaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to figure out whether volumetric gray-scale histogram difference between anterior and posterior cervix can indicate the extent of cervical consistency. METHODS: We collected data of 95 patients who were appropriate for vaginal delivery with 36th to 37th weeks of gestational age from September 2010 to October 2011 in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Korea University Ansan Hospital. Patients were excluded who had one of the followings: Cesarean section, labor induction, premature rupture of membrane. Thirty-four patients were finally enrolled. The patients underwent evaluation of the cervix through Bishop score, cervical length, cervical volume, three-dimensional (3D) cervical volumetric gray-scale histogram. The interval days from the cervix evaluation to the delivery day were counted. We compared to 3D cervical volumetric gray-scale histogram, Bishop score, cervical length, cervical volume with interval days from the evaluation of the cervix to the delivery. RESULTS: Gray-scale histogram difference between anterior and posterior cervix was significantly correlated to days to delivery. Its correlation coefficient (R) was 0.500 (P = 0.003). The cervical length was significantly related to the days to delivery. The correlation coefficient (R) and P-value between them were 0.421 and 0.013. However, anterior lip histogram, posterior lip histogram, total cervical volume, Bishop score were not associated with days to delivery (P >0.05). CONCLUSION: By using gray-scale histogram difference between anterior and posterior cervix and cervical length correlated with the days to delivery. These methods can be utilized to better help predict a cervical consistency.